Ruwan ruwa na Kogin Nilu

Ruwan ruwa na Kogin Nilu
rapids (en) da Wikimedia information list (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Nil
Drainage basin (en)	Nile Basin
Ƙasa	Misra
Wuri
24°04′41″N 32°52′41″E

Cataracts na Kogin Nilu suna da zurfi (ko ruwan farin) na kogin Nilu, tsakanin Khartoum da Aswan, inda ƙananan duwatsu da duwatsu da ke fitowa daga kogin suka karye saman ruwa, da kuma tsibirai masu yawa. A wasu wurare, waɗannan shimfidar suna da alamar farin ruwa, yayin da a wasu ruwan da ke gudana ya fi santsi amma har yanzu ba shi da zurfi.

Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa shida

An ƙidaya zuwa sama (daga arewa zuwa kudu):

A Misira:

• Cataract na farko yana kudu da Aswan (24°02′07′′N 32°52′20′′E / 24.0354°N 32.8721°E / 24. 0354; 32.8721 (First Cataract)). An zaɓi tsohon wurinsa don gina Aswan Low Dam, madatsar ruwa ta farko da aka gina a fadin Nilu, kuma tun daga 1902, an nutse shi a ƙarƙashin ruwan tafkin abin da daga baya ya zama Tafkin Nasser.

A Sudan:

• Cataract na biyu (ko Great Cataract) ya kasance a Nubia kuma yanzu an nutse a ƙarƙashin Tafkin Nasser . Tana da nisan kilomita 10 a kudancin tsohon shafin Wadi Halfa, a wurin da garin yake a yanzu (21°48′41′′N 31°12′57′′E / 21.8115°N 31.2159°E / 21. 8115; 31.2155 (Great Cataract))
• Ruwan ruwa na uku yana a Tombos / Hannek . (19°42′49′′N 30°22′22′′E / 19.7135°N 30.3729°E / 19. 7135; 30.3729 (Third Cataract))
• Cataract na huɗu yana cikin hamadar Manasir, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2008, an nutse a ƙarƙashin tafkin Merowe Dam. (18°55′N 32°22′E / 18.91°N 32.36°E / 18.91; 32.36 (Cataract na huɗu))
• Rashin ruwa na biyar yana tsakanin Abu Hamad da Atbara, Sudan . (18°23′08′′N 33°46′37′′E / 18.3856°N 33.7769°E / 18.6856; 33.7769 (Cataract na biyar))
• Ruwa na shida shine inda Kogin Nilu ya yanke ta Sabaluka pluton, kusa da Bagrawiyah . (16°17′N 32°40′E / 16.29°N 32.67°E / 16.27; 32.67 (Cataract na shida))

Ilimin ƙasa

Masana ilimin ƙasa sun nuna cewa yankin arewacin Sudan yana aiki sosai kuma wannan aikin ya sa kogin ya ɗauki halaye "matasa". Ruwan Nubian ya karkatar da kogin zuwa yamma, yayin da yake riƙe da zurfin zurfinsa kuma yana haifar da samar da cataracts. Ko da yake kogin ya lalace ta hanyar rushewa, an ɗaga ƙasar, yana riƙe da ɓangarorin kogin a bayyane. Wadannan siffofi na musamman na kogin tsakanin Aswan da Khartoum sun haifar da shimfidar da ake kira Cataract Nile, yayin da a wasu lokuta ana kiran ɓangaren da ke ƙasa da "Masar" Nilu. Bambancin yanayin ƙasa tsakanin waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu na kogi yana da yawa. Arewacin Aswan, kogin ba dutse ba ne, amma a maimakon haka ya ƙunshi turɓaya, kuma ba shi da kogi mai zurfi. An yi imanin cewa dutsen da aka rushe a baya ya zama zurfin ƙafa dubu da yawa. Wannan ya haifar da babban kogi wanda yanzu ya cika da laka.

Duk da waɗannan halaye, wasu daga cikin magudanan ruwa waɗanda ba za a iya wucewa ta jirgin ruwa ba saboda ruwa mai zurfi sun zama masu iya tafiya a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa.

Tarihi

Kalmar "cataract" ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci καταρρέω ("don gudana ƙasa"), kodayake asalin kalmar Helenanci ita ce jam'i-kawai উপat. Koyaya, sabanin wannan, babu wani daga cikin manyan cataracts guda shida na Nilu da za a iya bayyana daidai a matsayin magudanan ruwa, kuma an ba da ma'anar da ta fi girma, wannan daidai yake da yawancin ƙananan cataracts.

A zamanin d ̄ a, Upper Egypt ya shimfiɗa daga kudancin Nilu Delta zuwa farkon cataract, yayin da yake ci gaba da tafiya, tsohuwar Masarautar Kush ce ke sarrafa ƙasar wanda daga baya zai mamaye Masar daga 760 zuwa 656 BC. Baya ga mamayewar Kushite, ga mafi yawan tarihin Masar, ruwan Nilu, musamman na farko, ya zama iyaka ta halitta don hana yawancin ƙetare daga kudu, kamar yadda waɗanda ke cikin yankin za su dogara da tafiyar kogi don shiga arewa da kudu. Wannan ya ba da damar kare iyakar kudancin Masar daga mamayewa, kuma ban da taƙaitaccen mulkin Kushite, ya kasance iyaka ta halitta ga mafi yawan tarihin Masar.