Ruwanda da Rundi

Ruwanda da Rundi
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Benue-Congo Harsunan Bantoid Southern Bantoid (en) Yaren Bantu East Bantu (en) Northeast Bantu (en) Great Lakes Bantu (en) Ruwanda da Rundi
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	rwan1241

Rwanda-Rundi ko West Highlands Kivu rukuni ne na harsunan Bantu, musamman ci gaba da yare, ana magana da shi a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Yaruka biyu, Kirundi da Kinyarwanda, an daidaita su a matsayin harsunan ƙasar Burundi da Ruwanda bi da bi. Waɗannan yarukan maƙwabta suna iya fahimtar juna, amma sauran yarukan da suka fi nisa ƙila ba za su kasance ba. Sauran yarukan ana magana da su a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (Kanyabwisha a Arewacin Kivu ), Uganda (Rufumbira, wanda Bafumbira ke magana a gundumar Kisoro ), da Tanzaniya ; Ha, mai magana da miliyan ɗaya, shine mafi yawan magana.

Kwatanta Kinyarwanda da Kirundi

Kinyarwanda da Kirundi suna da kama da juna a fannoni da yawa, amma sun bambanta a hanyoyi da yawa.

Alamar sauti

Alamar1	Bayani	Kinyarwanda	Kirundi	Wani bangare na magana	Turanci (ma'anar)
sautin wasali (a, e, i, o, u)	Gajeren wasali Ƙananan sautin	(gu) saba		Kalma	tambaya, buƙata
		umugezi		Sunan suna	rafi, kogi
		(gu) shyika	(gu) shika	Kalma	ya zo
		ikiraro		Sunan suna	gadar
		Isaa		adjective mai ban mamaki	kawai, kawai
Sautin sautin sautin (á, é, í, ó, ú)	Gajeren wasali Babban sautin	inká		Sunan suna	saniya
		ba tare da izini ba			kujera
		Giiji			itace, sanda, itace
		Uruguay			Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi
		Uwarg			kafada
Sautin Circumflex (Kinyarwanda) (â, ê, î, ô, û)	Gajeren wasali Babban sautin	inkâ	inká	Sunan suna	saniya
		rashin jin daɗi	ba tare da izini ba		kujera
		Giiji	Giiji		itace, sanda, itace
		Uruguay	Uruguay		Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi
		Uwarg	Uwarg		kafada
Sautin Circumflex (Kirundi) (â, ê, î, ô, û)	Gajeren wasula Babban sautin (a kan wasula a cikin Kinyarwanda)	Amazi	Amazi	Sunan suna	ruwa
		(gu) shayi	(gu) Teka	Kalma	mai dafa abinci
		izíiko	izîko	Sunan suna	murhu
		(ku) ryóoha	(ku) ryôha	Kalma	dandano mai kyau
		(gu) kúunda	(gu) kûnda		soyayya, kamar
sautin macron (Kirundi kawai) (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)	Tsawon wasula Low tone (duka haruffa a cikin sautin ƙasa a Kinyarwanda)	igisaabo	Girma	Sunan suna	igiya
		icyeegeera	icēgēra		shuka
		(ku) giisha	(ku) gīsha	Kalma	ka tafi
		Ingoona	Ba za a iya yin hakan ba	Sunan suna	giwa
		Uruuho	urūho		bututun ruwa
Sautin Caron (Kirundi kawai) (ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ)	Tsawon wasula Sautin sautin (a kan sautin sauti a Kinyarwanda)	ububaásha	ububǎsha	Sunan suna	iyawa
		Abeéga	Aběga	Adadin da yawa	Tutsi, dangin Tutsi
		umuhigi	Matattu	Sunan suna	mafarauci
		umukoóbwa	umukǒbwa		yarinya
		Muunsi	umǔsi		rana, kwanan wata
Diaeresis wasali (Kirundi kawai) (ä, ë, ï, ö, ü)	Tsawon wasali Babban sautin	Babu daidaitattun tsarin sauti	Boppkoze	Kalma	sun yi
			An yi amfani da shi	Sunan suna	ku duka
			Nary Nayi	Kalma	Na yi tunani, na sani
			Ba da izini	Sunan suna	dukansu
			warüzi	Kalma	ka yi tunani, ka sani
1 Ana amfani da waɗannan alamomin ne kawai a cikin fassarar, misali a cikin ƙamus, amma a wasu nau'ikan rubuce-rubuce, ana amfani da wasula masu sauƙi kuma ba a ninka haruffa ba (sai dai idan an rubuta kalmar kanta ta wannan hanyar).

Halitta da kalma

Akwai lokuta da yawa inda nau'ikan magana guda biyu na harsuna biyu suna da kalmomi da suka ɗan bambanta. Koyaya, waɗannan bambance-bambance ba sa ci gaba da maimaitawa. Dole ne mutum ya haddace irin waɗannan bambance-bambance kamar "-anga" a cikin Kinyarwanda ya bambanta da "-anka" a cikin Kirundi (ma'ana rashin son ko ƙiyayya), saboda sauyawa daga "g" zuwa "k" yana da matukar wuya, tare da hujja kasancewa kalmomi kamar "inka" (cow), "inkono" (pot) da sauran kalmomi da yawa inda "nk" ya zama ruwan dare a cikin yarukan biyu. Irin waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambance sun haɗa da ƙamus daban-daban, wasula ko tsawon wasula, sautuna ko ƙididdiga.