SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2
Scientific classification
Kingdom	Orthornavirae (mul)
Phylum	Pisuviricota (mul)
Class	Pisoniviricetes (mul)
Order	Nidovirales (mul)
Dangi	Coronaviridae (mul)
Genus	Betacoronavirus (mul)
Jinsi	Betacoronavirus pandemicum (mul)
virus taxon (en)	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,
General information
Host	Homo sapiens (mul) , Felis catus (mul) , Canis familiaris (mul) , VeroE6/TMPRSS2 (en) , Vero C1008 (en) , Caco-2 (en) , Calu-3 (en) , HEK293T (en) da Huh-7 (en)
Discoverer	Zhang Jixian (en)
Rashin lafiya	Murar Mashaƙo 2019 da Koronavirus 2019

Cutar numfashi mai tsanani mai tsanani coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)[1] cutar coronavirus ce da ke haifar da COVID-19, cutar numfashi da ke da alhakin annobar COVID-19 wadda ta fara a ƙarshen 2019.[2] Cutar a da tana da suna na wucin gadi na 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV),[3][4][5][6] kuma an kira ta da cutar coronavirus ta ɗan adam 2019 (HCOV-19 ko hCoV-19).[7][8][9][10] An fara gano cutar a birnin Wuhan, Hubei, China, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana barkewar cutar a matsayin gaggawa ta lafiyar jama'a da ta damu da duniya daga 30 ga Janairu, 2020, zuwa 5 ga Mayu, 2023.[11][12][13] SARS‑CoV‑2 kwayar cutar RNA ce mai kama da kwayar cuta mai kama da kwayar cuta mai kyau[14] wadda ke yaɗuwa a cikin mutane.[15]

SARS‐CoV‐2 kwayar cuta ce ta nau'in Betacoronavirus pandemicum (SARSr-CoV), kamar yadda SARS-CoV-1, kwayar cutar da ta haifar da barkewar SARS ta 2002-2004. [1][2] Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ke dauke da dabbobi suna da alaƙa da SARS-CoV-2 fiye da SARS-kov-1. Dangi mafi kusa da aka sani shine BANAL-52 bat coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 ya samo asali ne daga dabbobi; kamanceceniya da kwayar cutar ta jemagu ta nuna cewa ya fito ne daga irin wannan kwayar cutar da ke dauke da jemagu.[3] Ana ci gaba da bincike game da ko SARS‐CoV‐2 ya zo kai tsaye daga jemagu ko a kaikaice ta hanyar kowane matsakaici.[4] Kwayar cutar ta nuna ƙananan Bambancin kwayoyin halitta, yana nuna cewa taron da ya gabatar da SARS‐CoV‐2 ga mutane mai yiwuwa ya faru ne a ƙarshen 2019.[5]

Nazarin Yaduwar cututtuka sun kiyasta cewa a cikin lokacin tsakanin Disamba 2019 da Satumba 2020 kowane kamuwa da cuta ya haifar da matsakaicin 2.4-3.4 sabbin kamuwa da cututtuka lokacin da babu membobin al'umma da ke da rigakafi kuma ba a dauki matakan kariya ba.[1] Wasu bambance-bambance na baya sun fi kamuwa da cuta.[2] Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa cikin iska kuma da farko tana yaduwar tsakanin mutane ta hanyar kusanci da kuma ta hanyar aerosols da droplets na numfashi waɗanda ake numfashi yayin magana, numfashi, ko in ba haka ba suna numfashi, da kuma waɗanda aka samar daga tari da tari.[3][4] Yana shiga ƙwayoyin ɗan adam ta hanyar ɗaurewa zuwa enzyme mai canza angiotensin 2 (ACE2), furotin membrane wanda ke sarrafa tsarin renin-angiotensin. [5][6]

Kalmomin

Alamar da sunan wucin gadi "2019-nCoV"

A lokacin barkewar cutar ta farko a Wuhan, China, an yi amfani da sunaye daban-daban don kwayar cutar; wasu sunayen da kafofin daban-daban suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da "coronavirus" ko "Wuhan coronavirus". A watan Janairun 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar "novel coronavirus na 2019" (2019-nCoV) a matsayin sunan wucin gadi na kwayar cutar. Wannan ya kasance daidai da jagorar WHO ta 2015 game da amfani da wuraren ƙasa, nau'in dabbobi, ko ƙungiyoyin mutane a cikin cututtuka da sunayen ƙwayoyin cuta.

A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun 2020, Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa kan Taxonomy na Kwayoyin cuta ya karbi sunan hukuma "mai tsanani mai tsanani na ciwon numfashi coronavirus 2" (SARS). Don kauce wa rikicewa tare da cutar SARS, WHO wani lokacin tana nufin SARS‐CoV‐2 a matsayin "kwayar cutar COVID-19" a cikin sadarwa ta kiwon lafiya ta jama'a kuma an haɗa sunan HCoV-19 a wasu labaran bincike. Da yake magana game da COVID-19 a matsayin "kwayar cutar Wuhan" jami'an WHO sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai haɗari, kuma 'yan jarida da malamai da yawa sun bayyana shi azaman xenophobic.

Cutar da yaduwa

Matsayin da kwayar cutar ke kamuwa da cuta a Lokacin shayarwa ba ta da tabbas, amma bincike ya nuna cewa pharynx ya kai nauyin kwayar cuta kusan kwanaki hudu bayan kamuwa da cutar ko a cikin makon farko na alamomi da raguwa daga baya. Tsawon lokacin zubar da SARS-CoV-2 RNA gabaɗaya tsakanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 46 bayan bayyanar cututtuka.

Binciken da wata kungiya ta masu bincike daga Jami'ar North Carolina ta yi ya gano cewa Ramin hanci shine mafi yawan burin kamuwa da cuta, tare da saurin kwayar cuta a cikin huhu a cikin SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. Sun gano cewa akwai ciwon cuta daga sama a kusa zuwa ƙasa a cikin al'adun epithelial na huhu, tare da kamuwa da cuta a cikin sel masu laushi da nau'in 2 pneumocytes a cikin hanyar iska da yankunan alveolar bi da bi.

Bincike ya gano dabbobi da yawa - kamar cats, ferrets, hamsters, wadanda ba mutane ba, minks, shrews na bishiyoyi, karnuka raccoon, jemagu 'ya'yan itace, da buns - wadanda ke da saukin kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2. Wasu cibiyoyin sun ba da shawara cewa waɗanda suka kamu da SARS‐CoV‐2 sun ƙuntata hulɗarsu da dabbobi.

Rashin bayyanar cututtuka da bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka

A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta nuna cewa "rarraba daga cututtukan da ba su da alamomi wataƙila ba babbar direba ce ta yaduwar ba". Ɗaya daga cikin bincike ya gano cewa kashi 17% na kamuwa da cuta ba su da alamomi, kuma mutanen da ba su da bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance kashi 42% da ba su iya yaduwar kwayar cutar ba. 

Koyaya, samfurin annoba na farkon barkewar cutar a kasar Sin ya ba da shawarar cewa "shelling pre-symptomatic na iya zama na al'ada tsakanin cututtukan da aka rubuta" kuma cewa cututtukani na asibiti na iya zama tushen mafi yawan cututtuka. Wannan na iya bayyana yadda daga cikin 217 a cikin Jirgin ruwa wanda ya tsaya a Montevideo, 24 ne kawai daga cikin 128 waɗanda suka gwada tabbatacce ga RNA na kwayar cuta sun nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Hakazalika, binciken da aka yi wa marasa lafiya casa'in da hudu da aka kwantar a asibiti a watan Janairun da Fabrairun 2020 ya kiyasta marasa lafiya sun fara zubar da kwayar cuta kwana biyu zuwa uku kafin alamun bayyanar cututtuka su bayyana kuma cewa "babban adadin yaduwa mai yiwuwa ya faru kafin alamun farko a cikin yanayin lissafi". Marubutan daga baya sun buga gyare-gyare wanda ya nuna cewa zubar da jini ya fara tun da wuri fiye da yadda aka kiyasta, kwana huɗu zuwa biyar kafin alamun bayyanar.