Sabbatai Zevi

Sabbatai Zevi (Ibraniyawa: , Ṣəńī, Agusta 1, 1626 - c. September 17, 1676 ) ya kasance tsohon Masanin Yahudawa na Ottoman kuma rabbi daga Smyrna wanda ya tuba zuwa Islama Iyalinsa Yahudawa ne na Romaniote daga Patras .

Mai aiki a duk faɗin Daular Ottoman, Zevi ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne Almasihu na Yahudawa da ake jira da daɗewa kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar Sabbatean.[5] Babban koyarwarsa shine imani cewa a lokacin Zamanin Almasihu, ayyukan da aka saba ɗauka zunubi za su canza zuwa Masu adalci.[1][2] Wannan koyarwar antinomian ta jagoranci Zevi da mabiyansa da gangan su keta Dokokin Yahudawa, wani aiki mai rikitarwa wanda daga baya ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ƙungiyoyi kamar Frankists.[3][4]

Bayan ya isa Constantinople a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1666, an daure Sabbatai bisa umarnin Babban Vizier Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha . A watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, bayan an tura shi daga kurkuku daban-daban a kusa da babban birnin zuwa kujerar kotunan daular a Adrianople (yanzu Edirne), an yi masa shari'a kan zarge-zargen tayar da kayar baya. Sabbatai an ba shi zaɓi na mutuwa ko juyowa zuwa Islama ta hanyar Grand Vizier wanda ke wakiltar Sultan Mehmed IV. Ya zaɓi juyowa, yana sanye da turban Islama daga wannan lokacin. Shugabannin gwamnatin Ottoman sun ba shi lada tare da fansho mai karimci don bin tsarin siyasa da na addini.[11][12] Kimanin iyalai 300 da suka bi Zevi suma sun tuba zuwa addinin Islama kuma sun zama sanannun Dönme, Turkiyya don "masu tuba".

Daga baya, Ottomans sun kore shi sau biyu, na farko a cikin Constantinople kuma lokacin da aka ji shi yana raira Zabura tare da Yahudawa a can, zuwa wani karamin gari da aka sani a yau da Ulcinj a cikin abin da ke yanzu Montenegro. Ya mutu a ware.

Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

Gidan Sabbatai Zevi, gini a cikin Agora na Smyrna inda Sabbatai Zwi ya zauna

Sabbatai Zevi an haife shi ne a birnin Ottoman na Smyrna, wanda ake zargin a kan Tisha B'Av, daya daga cikin Kwanakin azumi na Yahudanci, a lokacin Makonni Uku a cikin 1626. A cikin Ibrananci, Sabbatai na nufin Saturn; a cikin al'adar Yahudawa, "mulkin Sabbatai," duniyar da ta fi girma, galibi ana danganta shi da zuwan Almasihu.

Iyalin Zevi Yahudawa ne na Romaniote daga Patras . Mahaifinsa, Mordekai, ya kasance dillalin kaji a Morea. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Ottoman-Venetian, Smyrna ya zama cibiyar kasuwancin Levantine, kuma Mordekai ya zama wakilin Smyrnan na gidan kasuwanci na Ingila, yana samun wadata a cikin tsari. 'Yar'uwarsa, Orah Gadol, mace ce mai ilimi, sananniya a tsakanin Yahudawa na Smyrna.

Biye da al'adar Yahudawa ta lokacin, mahaifin Sabbatai ya sa ya yi nazarin Talmud. Ya halarci yeshiva a karkashin babban malamin Smyrna, Joseph Escapa . Nazarin halakha (dokar Yahudawa) bai yi masa kira ba, amma Zevi ya sami ƙwarewa a cikin Talmud. A lokaci guda, ya yi sha'awar mysticism da Kabbalah kuma Isaac Luria ya rinjaye shi. Kabbalah mai amfani, wanda masu bautarsa suka yi amfani da asceticism don sadarwa tare da Allah da Mala'iku don yin hasashen makomar da yin mu'ujizai, ya fi jan hankali a gare shi. Kazalika da rubuce-rubucen Luria, ya karanta Zohar kuma ya yi aikin tsarkakewa da tsarkakewar Kabbalistic da ake kira tikkunim .