Salome

Salome
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	14
Mutuwa	62
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Herod II
Mahaifiya	Herodias
Abokiyar zama	Philip the Tetrarch (en) Aristobulus of Chalcis (en)
Yara	view Aristobulus (en)
Yare	Herodian dynasty (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	consort (en)
Wurin aiki	Rafin Judah
Imani
Addini	Yahudanci Jewish Christian (en)

Salome (/səˈloʊmi, ˈsæləmeɪ/; Ibrananci: , , related to שָׁלוֹם, Shalom "zaman lafiya"; Girkanci: ), wadda aka fi sani da Salome III, [bayanin 1] yarima ce ta Yahudawa, 'yar Hirudus II da yarima Herodias. Ita ce jikar Hirudus Mai Girma kuma 'yar Hirudus Antipas. An san ta daga Sabon Alkawari, inda ba a ambaci sunanta ba, kuma daga wani labarin Josephus. A cikin Sabon Alkawari, 'yar Hirudus Antipas ta bukaci kuma ta karɓi shugaban Yahaya Maibaftisma. A cewar Josephus, ta fara auren kawunta Philip the Tetrarch, bayan rasuwarsa a AD 34, ta auri dan uwanta Aristobulus na Chalcis, don haka ta zama sarauniya ta Armenia Minor. 

Labarin bishara game da rawa a bikin ranar haihuwar mahaifinta, wanda ya sa An fille wa Yahaya Maibaftisma a kan bukatar mahaifiyarta, ya yi wahayi zuwa ga fasaha, adabi da kiɗa na dogon lokaci. Daga cikin zane-zanen akwai na Titian da Gustave Moreau. Wasan Oscar Wilde na 1891 da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na 1905 na Richard Strauss suna daga cikin wallafe-wallafen da kiɗa waɗanda suka nuna ta. Ta kuma bayyana a cikin fina-finai, alal misali a Fim din 1953 <i id="mwNA">Salome</i> tare da Rita Hayworth .

Salomé tare da shugaban Yahaya Maibaftisma, Lucas Cranach, Tsohon, rabin farko na karni na 16.

Bayanan ƙarni na farko da tushe

Salome an san shi da 'yar Herodias wacce, bisa ga asusun da ke cikin Linjilar Markus da Linjilar Matiyu, ta yi rawa ga Hirudus Antipas. A cikin littafinsa na Yahudawa Antiquities, Josephus ya ambaci aure da 'ya'yan 'yar Herodias mai suna Salome.

Sabon Alkawari

A cewar Linjilar Markus, Herodias ta yi fushi da Yahaya Maibaftisma saboda bayyana cewa auren Hirudus da ita ba bisa ka'ida ba ne. 'Yar Herodias ta yi rawa a gaban Hirudus a bikin ranar haihuwarsa, kuma a sakamakon haka an gaya mata cewa za ta iya neman komai. Bayan tuntubar mahaifiyarta, yarinyar ta nemi shugaban Yahaya.

Labarin da ke cikin Linjilar Markus ya karanta:

Amma wata dama ta zo lokacin da Hirudus a ranar haihuwarsa ya ba da biki ga manyan jami'ansa da kwamandojin soja da manyan mutanen Galili. Domin lokacin da 'yar Herodias ta shigo ta yi rawa, sai ta faranta wa Hirudus da baƙi rai. Sai sarki ya ce wa yarinyar, "Ka tambaye ni duk abin da kake so, kuma zan ba ka shi. "Kuma ya yi mata rantsuwa, "Duk abin da kake tambaye ni, zan ba ka, har zuwa rabin mulkinna. "Kuma ta fita ta ce wa mahaifiyarta, "Don menene ya kamata in nema?" Kuma ta ce, "Kan Yahaya Maibaftisma. "Kuma nan da nan ya zo da gaggawa ga mai baftisma kuma ya tambaye, yana cewa, "Ina son ka ba ni a kan sarki ya yi mini sau ɗaya kalmar Maibaftismarsa ba". Kuma nan da nan sarki ya aika da mai kisa tare da umarni don kawo kan Yahaya. Ya tafi ya fille masa kai a kurkuku kuma ya kawo kansa a kan faranti ya ba yarinyar, yarinyar ta ba mahaifiyarta.

Sashe mai ma'ana a cikin Linjilar Matiyu ya karanta:

But when Herod's birthday came, the daughter of Herodias danced before the company and pleased Herod, so that he promised with an oath to give her whatever she might ask. Prompted by her mother, she said, "Give me the head of John the Baptist here on a platter." And the king was sorry, but because of his oaths and his guests he commanded it to be given. He sent and had John beheaded in the prison, and his head was brought on a platter and given to the girl, and she brought it to her mother.

Wasu tsoffin fassarar Helenanci na Markus sun karanta "yar Hirudus Herodiya" (maimakon "yar Herodiya da aka ambata"). Ga malamai da ke amfani da waɗannan matani na dā, duka uwa da 'yar suna da suna ɗaya. Koyaya, Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Latin Vulgate ya fassara nassin kamar yadda yake a sama, kuma Iyayen Ikilisiyar Yammacin don haka suna magana da Salome a matsayin "yar Herodias" ko kuma kawai "yarinyar". Saboda ba a ambaci sunanta ba a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, ra'ayin cewa an kira mahaifiyar da 'yar Herodias ya sami kuɗi a farkon Turai ta zamani. Sabon Revised Standard Version ya biyo bayan wannan, yana fassara Markus 6:22 a matsayin "Lokacin da 'yarsa Herodias ta shigo ta yi rawa, sai ta faranta Hirudus da baƙi; kuma sarki ya ce wa yarinyar, 'Ka tambayi ni duk abin da kake so, kuma zan ba shi'", tare da bayanin ƙasa: "[a] Sauran hukumomi na dā sun karanta 'yar Herodias kanta'".

'Yar Herodias ba Salome almajiri ba ce, wanda ya shaida gicciye Yesu a cikin Markus 15:40. Koyaya, Littafin apokirifa na Tashin Almasihu, wanda aka danganta ga manzo Bartholomew, ya ba da sunan "Salome mai jaraba" kamar yadda yake daga cikin matan da suka tafi kabarin da babu komai, watakila yana nuna al'adar farko cewa Salome, 'yar Herodias, tana cikin kabarin.

Josephus

An ambaci Salome a matsayin 'yar Hirudus Antipas a cikin littafin Josephus Antiquities of the Jews (Littafi na XVIII, Babi na 5, 4):

Kudin tsabar kudi

Salome da aka nuna a matsayin Sarauniya ta Armenia Minor, a dama. A hagu, mijinta Aristobulus.

An sami 'yan tsabar kudi tare da hotuna na Aristobulus da Salome.

Hotuna a cikin fasaha da kafofin watsa labarai

Abincin Hirudus (ƙananan bayani) na Fata Filippo Lippi (karni na 15)

<i id="mw3w">Salome</i> na Titian, c. 1515 (Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Roma)  

Salome tare da Shugaban Maibaftisma, 1761, Mariano Salvador Maella

Henri Regnault)">Salome, ta Henri Regnault (1870)

Salome da bayyanar Shugaban Maibaftisma, watercolor na Gustave Moreau (1876)

The Peacock Skirt, hoton da Aubrey Beardsley ya yi don fitowar Turanci na wasan kwaikwayon Oscar Wilde Salome, 1894

Salome (1907) na Vardges Sureniants (National Gallery of Armenia)

Salome (1916), na Willem Arondeus, Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan

Labarin rawa a gaban Hirudus tare da kan Yahaya Maibaftisma a kan wani faranti ya jagoranci masu zane-zane na Kirista na zamani don nuna ta a matsayin mace mai lalata, mai jaraba wanda ke jan hankalin mutane daga ceto.

Hadisai na Kirista sun nuna ta a matsayin gunkin haɗari na lalata mata, musamman game da rawa da aka ambata a Sabon Alkawari, wanda ake zaton yana da wani nau'i na lalata a ciki, kuma a wasu canje-canje na baya an kara shi a matsayin Dance of the Seven Veils. Sauran abubuwa na al'adar Kirista suna mai da hankali kan wauta mai sauƙi da sanyi wanda, bisa ga Linjila, ya haifar da mutuwar Yahaya.[1] David Flusser, masanin Kiristanci na farko, ya yi imanin cewa "bayani na tarihin rayuwarta yana nuna halin kirki".[2] Duk da haka, Oscar Wilde ya buga irin wannan dalili a cikin Salome, inda ta taka rawar mace mai mutuwa, kuma ta Ada L. Harris a cikin littafinta na 1906 "The Sin Of Salome", wanda ya jefa ta a matsayin mai lalata. Wannan wakilci na layi daya na hoton Kirista, wanda Richard Strauss ya fi tunawa da shi bisa ga aikin Wilde, ya dace da asusun Josephus kamar yadda aka kwatanta da al'adun Kirista; duk da haka, a cewar masanin tarihin Yahudawa, Salome ya rayu tsawon lokaci don yin aure sau biyu kuma ya haifi yara da yawa. Ƙananan bayanan wallafe-wallafen sun ba da cikakken bayani game da bayanan da Josephus ya bayar.[3]

Duk da labarin Josephus, ba a kira ta Salome ba har zuwa karni na 19 lokacin da Gustave Flaubert (mai bin Josephus) ya kira ta "Salome" a cikin gajeren labarinsa "Herodias".

Zane da zane-zane

Wannan labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya kasance abin sha'awa ga masu zane-zane. Masu zane-zane waɗanda suka yi sanannun wakilci na Salome sun haɗa da Masolino da Panicale, Filippo Lippi, Benozzo Gozzoli, mabiyan Leonardo da Vinci Andrea Solario da Bernardino Luini, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Titian, Caravaggio, Guido Reni, Fabritius, Henri Regnault, Georges Rochegrosse, Gustave Moreau, Lovis Corinth, Federico Beltran-Masses da Henry Ossawa Tanner.

Fassarar Titian (Hoton c.1515) ya jaddada bambancin da ke tsakanin fuskar yarinya marar laifi da kuma yanke kansa. Saboda baiwar da ke gefensa, wannan zanen Titian, kamar sauran batutuwan, ana daukar shi Judith tare da Shugaban Holofernes. Ba kamar Salome wanda ba shi da suna a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kirista, Judith mai kishin kasa ne na almara na Yahudawa-Kirista wanda labarinsa watakila ba shi da hankali kuma saboda ita gwauruwa ce, bazai zama musamman budurwa ko kuma mara laifi a wakilci ba.

A cikin fassarar Moreau (Hoton) adadi na Salome alama ce ta mace mai mutuwa, wani nau'i mai kyau na lalacewar fin-de-siecle. A cikin littafinsa na 1884 À rebours, Faransanci Joris-Karl Huysmans ya bayyana hoton Salome a cikin zanen Moreau:

Ba wai kawai yarinya mai rawa ce wacce ke karbar kuka na sha'awa da sha'awa daga wani tsoho ta hanyar lalata da jikinta; wanda ya karya nufin, ya mallaki tunanin Sarki ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na jikinta mai girgiza, yana zubar da ciki da kuma jefa cinya; yanzu an bayyana ta a cikin ma'anar alama ce ta tsohuwar duniya, allahiyar Hysteria marar mutuwa, la'anar kyakkyawa ta jiki sama da duk sauran kyawawan abubuwa masu banƙyama, wanda ba za a cikin tsokoki, wanda ba, ba, ba shi da tsokoki masu banƙantinta masu banƙaskiya ba, ba.

Salome na Franz von Stuck, 1906

Waƙoƙin murya masu tsarki

Salome ta bayyana a matsayin hali a cikin oratorio na Alessandro Stradella S. Giovanni Battista [scores] (St. John the Baptist), wanda aka tsara a cikin 1676, wanda ya haɗa da "Queste lagrime e sospiri", wani aria da aka raira ta hanyar Salome.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wallafe-wallafen

A cikin 1877 an buga Labarai Uku na Gustave Flaubert, gami da "Hirodiyas". A cikin wannan labarin, an ba da alhakin mutuwar Yahaya ga Herodiya da firistocin da ke tsoron ikonsa na addini. An nuna Salome a matsayin yarinya wacce ta manta da sunan mutumin da take nema yayin da take neman shi. Wasan kwaikwayo na Jules Massenet na 1881 Hérodiade ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labarin Flaubert. Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo Doric Wilson ya kirkiro wani labari na zamani na labarin Salome a Now She Dances! , na farko da aka samar da off-off-Broadway a Caffe Cino a 1961.

Wasan Oscar Wilde

Labarin Salome ta zama batun wasan kwaikwayo na alama ce Oscar Wilde wanda aka fara dakatar da shi a London a 1892 yayin da ake gudanar da maimaitawa kuma wanda daga baya aka fara shi a Paris a 1896 a ƙarƙashin sunan Faransanci Salomé . A cikin wasan Wilde, Salome tana da mummunar sha'awar Jokanaan (Yahaya Maibaftisma), kuma ta sa a kashe shi lokacin da ya nuna ƙaunarta. A ƙarshen, Salome ta ɗauki kan Jokanaan kuma ta sumbace shi.

A lokacin, dokar Burtaniya ta haramta nuna siffofin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a kan mataki.