Samora Machel

Samacéistist Machor (29 ga Satumba 1933 - 19 ga Oktoba 1986) wani ɗan siyasa ne na Mozambijiya. Ya yi aiki a cikin al'adar Marxomism, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na Mozambique daga 'yan wasan da ya samu a 1975 har zuwa mutuwarsa a hadarin jirgin sama a 1986.

Rayuwar farko [gyara tushen]

Machel was born in the village of Madragoa (today's Chilembene), Gaza Province, Mozambique, to a family of farmers.Kakaninsa ya kasance mai karfin gwiwa na bindiga mai aiki. A karkashin Portugu na Portugal, mahaifinsa, kamar yawancin Black Mozambicans, an rarrabe shi a matsayin "indíga" (wata ƙasa). An tilasta shi karbar ƙananan farashin don amfanin gona da manoma masu farin. tilasta auduga mai zurfi mai zurfi, wanda ya ɗauki lokaci daga albarkatun abinci da ake buƙata don danginsa; Kuma an hana sanya alama ga alama a kan dabbobin sa don hana matarka. Duk da haka, mahaifin mamel shi ne nasara Farmer: Yana da dala hudu da 1900 shugaban shanu da 1940. Machel ya girma a cikin wannan ƙauyen na noma. A shekarar 1942, an tura shi zuwa makaranta a garin Zonguene a lardin Gaza. Makarantar ta gudanar da makarantar koyon Katolika da ke koyar da yara a cikin harshen Portuguese da Al'adu. Kodayake ya kammala aji na huɗu, Machel bai cika karatun sakandare ba. Koyaya, yana da takardar shaidar da aka yi wa'azi don horarwa a matsayin wani wuri a cikin Portugal a lokacin, tun lokacin makarantun masu kula ba digiri-daure ba ne. [Ƙididdigar da ake buƙata]

Machel ya fara nazarin aikin jinya a babban birnin Lueeço, da fararen tarkace suka yi da fararen hula na lardin. Kamar sauran Mozambics da yawa daga cikin iyakar yankin MOZAMAMBIQUE, wasu daga cikin danginsa sun tafi wurin aiki a ma'adanan Afirka ta Kudu inda aka samo ƙarin damar aiki. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwansa aka kashe a wani hatsarin hatsar mulki. Ba a iya kammala horo na yau da kullun ba a cikin asibitin Miguel Bohnda a Loungeço Marques, ya samu aiki yana aiki a matsayin mataimaki a cikin wannan asibiti da aka samu ya ci gaba da karatunsa da makarantar dare. Ya yi aiki a asibiti har sai ya bar kasar ta shiga cikin gwagwarmayar da ke kungiyar Mozambikan a makwabciya Tanzania.

Gwagwarmaya ta 'yanci

Machel ya jawo hankalin Macheral kuma ya fara ayyukansa na siyasa a asibitin Migueel, inda ya yi zanga-zangar ma'aikatan fata na baƙar fata da ke yin aiki iri ɗaya. Machel ya yanke shawarar barin Marques na Louteru (Maputo), lokacin da wakilin anti-Ferreira, ya gargadi shi cewa 'yan sanda siyasa ta Portungal din Portugal, Portugal. Ya zame a kan iyakar, ya kuma yi hanyar shiga Freiman a Dar Es Salaam, ta hanyar Swaziland, Afirka ta Kudu da Botswana. A Botswana, ya buge shi da wani jirgin sama wanda ke dauke da daukar ma'aikata na kungiyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Tanzaniya. An burge da matasa Mozambiquan, babban jami'in ANC J.B. Alama (a cewar Joe Slovo) Bumpo) Bumped daya daga cikin reshen ANT kashe jirgin sama.

A Dar es Salaam, Madacherel ya ba da kansa ga aikin soja, kuma ya kasance ɗayan rukuni na biyu na Freelo guerrillas da aka aiko don horo a Algeria. Komawa a cikin Tanzaniya, an saka shi ne mai kula da sansanin horo na Freelo, a Kongwa. Bayan FOLILO ya ƙaddamar da yakin da 'yanci a kai, a ranar 25 ga Satumbar, 1964, Machel da sannu a kai wani babban kwamandan, yin sunansa musamman lardin Niassa. Yakan tashi cikin sauri na sojoji da FPLM, kuma ya zama shugaban sojoji bayan mutuwar danginsa na farko, a cikin Oktoba 1966.

Wanda ya kafa FRELIMO da shugaban kasa na farko, an kashe bam a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, a maimakon haka Mataimakin Shugaban zartar da Mataimakin Simango. Ba da daɗewa ba Simango ya haifar da matsayi, kuma ya musanta sauran wuraren jagoranci na FORELO a cikin ƙasarku "yanayin baƙin ciki a FOTA". Wannan ya haifar da korar simangano daga gaban 'yanci, da kuma zaɓe, a cikin 1970, na Machel din a matsayin shugaban Frielo, tare da Dos Santos a matsayin mataimaki.

Kamar marigayi marigayi, machel ya gano kansa da Marxism-Leniyanci, kuma a karkashin shugabancinsa wadannan matsayi ya zama tsakiya zuwa Freelho, wanda ya samo asali daga wani bangare na MataXist.

Sabon kwamandan sojojin Portuguese a Mozambique, Janar Kaúlza de Arriga, ya yi ritaya cewa zai kawar da freelo a cikin 'yan watanni. Ya ƙaddamar da mafi yawan masoya na Portugal, a 1970, mai da hankali kan abin da aka ɗauke shi azaman Freli Stanceland na Cabo. Kaúlza de Arharia ya boasted na lalata babban adadin wuraren guerrila - amma tunda irin wannan tarin tarin bukkoki ne, mahimmancin ikon da ake so. Machel da aka ambata ta hanyar canza mayar da hankali ga yakin wani wuri, yana hawa ayyukan frino a cikin kasashen yamma na tete. Wannan shi ne inda ake gina ta a Cahora Basssa, a kan Zambezi, don sayar da wutar lantarki zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Tsoro cewa Freelo zai kai hari ga shafin madatsar ruwa, Fotigal din ya kafa zoben kariya guda uku na tsaro a kusa da Cahora Basssa. Wannan ya ƙudun sauran lardin tete, kuma a cikin 1972 freeli ya haye Zambezi, murgana gaba da ci gaba da kudu. By 1973, raka'a na Freimo suna aiki a Maniica da lardin Sofaliya zuwa Beira, daga cikin mazauna yankin Beira, wanda ya zargi sojojin na Portugal na rashin isa ya isa farin bukatun.

Ƙarshen ya zo ba zato ba tsammani. A Afrilu 25, 1974, jami'in Jami'an na Fotigal, sun gaji da yaƙe-yaƙe uku wadanda ba wadanda ba wanda ba a iya yaduwa a Afirka ba. [1] Juyin mulkin ya kusan jini ne. Babu wanda ya zo kan tituna don kare Firayim Minista Marcelo Cedano. A cikin sa'o'i 24, sojojin da ke dauke da makamai (MFA) ya kasance cikin cikakken iko na Portugal.