Samuel Maharero
 Samuel Maharero | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1856 |
| ƙasa | Namibiya |
| Mutuwa | Tsaro na Bechuanaland, 14 ga Maris, 1923 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Maharero |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
paramount chief (en)  da Mai kare Haƙƙin kai |
| Wurin aiki |
German South-West Africa (en) |
Samuel Maharero (1856 – 14 Maris 1923) ya kasance babban shugaban mutanen Herero a Afirka ta Kudu ta Yamma (a yau Namibiya ) a lokacin tawayensu da kuma dangane da abubuwan da suka shafi kisan kare dangi na Herero da Nama. A yau ana masa kallon gwarzon ƙasa a Namibiya.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samuel Maharero ɗa ne ga Maharero, babban jarumin Herero kuma ɓarayin shanu. An yi masa baftisma a cikin shekarar 1869[1][2] kuma ya tafi makarantun Lutheran na gida, inda aka gan shi a matsayin babban firist. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1890, ya sami sarauta a yankin Okahandja, duk da cewa bai sami dukiyar mahaifinsa da shanu da yawa ba bisa ga al'adun gado na Herero. Da farko, ya ci gaba da kyakkyawar dangantaka da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Jamus a ƙarƙashin Theodor Leutwein. Sai dai ƙaruwar matsalolin da suka haɗa da hare-haren da manoman Jamus ke kai wa, da matsalolin tattalin arziki da kwari da kuma amfani da filin Herero wajen hanyoyin jiragen ƙasa, duk sun haifar da raguwar dangantaka. Da yake fusata da cin zarafin al'ummar Herero da Jamusawa mazauna da masu mulkin mallaka suka yi, waɗanda suke kallon ƙabilun a matsayin wata hanya mai arha wajen yin sana'ar auduga da sauran amfanin gona da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje, Maharero a asirce ya shirya tayar da kayar baya tare da sauran sarakunan kan kasancewar Jamusawa, duk da cewa yana sane da rashin jituwar da ke tattare da shi. A cikin wata sananniyar wasiƙa zuwa Hendrik Witbooi, shugaban Nama, Maharero ya nemi kulla ƙawance da sauran ƙabilu, yana cewa "Bari mu mutu muna faɗa!" [3]
Yaki da Jamus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hare-haren na farko a cikin tawaye, wanda aka fara a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu, 1904, sun yi nasara kuma sun haɗa da kashe mutane 123, yawancin masu mallakar Jamus (Marero ya ba da umurni ga dakarunsa don kauce wa cutar da Boers, English, Mishaneri, da sauran mutanen da ba Jamusawa ba).[4] A ranar 14 ga watan Janairu, maharan Herero da suka haura sun isa Omarasa, kuma an lalata ofisoshin gidan waya na Waldau da Waterberg. Herero ne suka mamaye tashar soji ta Waterberg kuma an kashe duk sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Unteroffizier Gustav Rademacher. Maharero ya ƙyale masu mishan da ƙaramin adadin mata da yara Jamusawa kyauta zuwa Okahandja. Sun isa inda suke a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu, 1904. A ranar 16 ga watan Junairun ne aka yiwa Gobabis ƙawanya tare da yi wa wani kamfanin sojin Jamus kwanton ɓauna a kusa da Otjiwarongo. Bayan wannan asarar, Leutwein ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin jagoran soja ta Lothar von Trotha, wanda ya kawo sojojin 15,000 kuma ya haifar da kyautar 5,000 don kama Maharero. Dakarun ‘yan mulkin mallaka sun yi galaba a kan sojojin Herero ta hanyar amfani da manyan bindigogi masu kayatarwa da bindigogi 14 na Maxim a yakin Waterberg a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta, 1904, kuma sauran Hereros (ciki har da mata, yara, da tsofaffi) an kori su cikin hamadar yankin Omaheke. Dubban Herero sun mutu saboda ƙishirwa, yunwa, ko cuta. An harbe waɗanda suka yi yunkurin mika wuya. Bayan da Berlin ta ba da umarnin kawar da su, an tura waɗanda suka tsira zuwa sansanin taro a tsibirin Shark.
Maharero ya yi nasarar jagorantar jama'arsa kusan 1000 zuwa Biritaniya ta Biritaniya Bechuanaland (a yau Botswana). Ya kasance shugaban Herero da aka yi gudun hijira, kuma ya zama muhimmin vassal na Sekgathôlê a Letsholathêbê, sarki a arewacin Bechuanaland.[5]
Samuel Maharero ya mutu a can a cikin watan Maris 1923, kuma an binne gawarsa na ɗan lokaci a Bechuanaland. A ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 1923, an mayar da gawarsa Okahandja kuma an sake binne shi tare da kakanninsa, wani lokaci da har yanzu mutanen Herero ke bikin ranar Herero.
Karramawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samuel Maharero na ɗaya daga cikin jaruman ƙasar Namibiya tara da aka gano a wajen bikin kaddamar da Acre na Jaruman ƙasar kusa da Windhoek. Shugaban kafa Sam Nujoma ya bayyana a jawabinsa na rantsar da shi a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2002 cewa:
Cif Samuel Maharero [...] ya fara tsara shirye-shiryen tayar da hankali ga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Jamus da farar fata Jamusawa mazauna ƙasar. Sakamakon haka, a cikin watan Janairun 1904 aka fara boren, inda sojojin babban hafsan Maharero suka kewaye Jamus 'yan mulkin mallaka a Okahandja, Omaruru, da kuma shahararren yakin Ohamakari kusa da Dutsen Waterberg. Ƙarfin dakarunsa ya tilastawa sojojin mulkin mallaka na Jamus aika da dakarun da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Lotha von Trotha wanda ya ba da umarnin kawar da duk mata, yara da tsofaffi. [...] Ga ruhinsa na juyin juya hali da tunaninsa na hangen nesa muna ba da daraja da girmamawa cikin tawali'u. [6]
Maharero yana samun karramawa ta hanyar wani dutsen kabari da aka zana sunansa da kuma shafa hotonsa a kan dutsen. [6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Nils Ole Oermann (1999). Mission, Church and state relations in South West Africa under German rule (1884-1915). F. Steiner. ISBN 351507578X. OCLC 611198756.
- ↑ Pool, Gerhardus (1991). Samuel Maharero (in Turanci). Gamsberg Macmillian.
- ↑ Gewald, Jan-Bart, Herero Heroes: A Socio-political History of the Herero of Namibia, 1890-1923, London: James Curry Ltd (1999), ISBN 0852557493, p. 156
- ↑ Chalk, Frank Robert (1990). The history and sociology of genocide : analyses and case studies. Jonassohn, Kurt., Montreal Institute for Genocide Studies. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300044461. OCLC 20422757.
- ↑ Chalk, Frank Robert (1990). The history and sociology of genocide : analyses and case studies. Jonassohn, Kurt., Montreal Institute for Genocide Studies. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300044461. OCLC 20422757.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nujoma, Sam (26 August 2002). "Heroes' Acre Namibia Opening Ceremony - inaugural speech". via namibia-1on1.com. Cite error: Invalid
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