Samun 'yancin kai na Haiti
 Samun 'yancin kai na Haiti | |
|---|---|
history of a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | 'yancin kai |
| Ƙasa | Haiti |
A shekara ta 1789, Majalisar Zartarwa ta Faransa ta ba da sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam da na ɗan ƙasa.[1][2] A cikin shekarar 1791, 'yan Afirka na bautar Saint-Domingue sun fara juyin juya halin a Haiti, da nufin hambarar da gwamnatin 'yan mulkin mallaka.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fiye da shekaru dubu ɗaya, mutanen Arawak da Taino sun zauna a wani wuri da aka fi sani da Hispaniola. Sunan Haiti (ko Hayti) ya fito ne daga yaren Taíno na asali kuma shine asalin sunan[3][4] da aka ba wa dukan tsibirin Hispaniola don nufin "ƙasar manyan duwatsu."[5][6] Christopher Columbus ya isa tsibirin a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, 1492 kuma ya yi iƙirarin mallakar Masarautar Sipaniya, bayan haka ta zama sananniya da Hispaniola. Daga baya, a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, tsibirin Caribbean an san shi da Saint-Domingue (fr ) kuma ya kasance na 'yan mulkin mallaka na Faransa daga shekarun 1659 zuwa 1804.[7]
Tun da farko, bayin da ke tsibirin sun fara tsayayya da bauta da kuma yin yaƙi don su maido da ’yancinsu. Misalan wannan juriya sun haɗa da tashin Padrejean a shekarar 1676 da kuma tawayen François Mackandal a shekarar 1757.[8][9]
Juyin juya halin Faransa ya fara a shekara ta 1789. Ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, 1791, Sarki Louis XVI da iyalinsa sun yi ƙoƙari su gudu daga Paris, amma shirin ya gaza saboda jerin abubuwan da ba su dace ba, jinkiri, fassarori, da kuma yanke hukunci.[10] An kama Louis bisa hukuma a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1792, kuma aka aika zuwa Haikali, tsohuwar kagara a Paris da aka yi amfani da shi azaman kurkuku. A ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, Majalisar Dokokin ƙasar ta ayyana Faransa a matsayin jamhuriya, kuma ta soke tsarin sarauta. An cire Louis daga dukkan muƙaman sa da martabarsa, kuma daga nan ake kiransa Citoyen Louis Capet.
Tawayen bayi na 1791
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Labari na Sanarwar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da na Jama'a na shekarar 1789 ya isa ga mazaunan Hispaniola kuma ya ƙarfafa su su kwato hakkinsu. A daren 14 ga watan Agusta, 1791, wakilan mutanen da aka bautar a kan gonakin gida sun taru a cikin dazuzzuka kusa da Le Cap don shiga cikin wani biki na sirri. A lokacin bikin, Dutty Boukman da firist Cécile Fatiman sun annabta cewa Georges Biassou, Jeannot, da Jean-François Papillon ne zasu jagoranci juyin juya hali. Bayan watanni, sun kashe masu shukar da suka bautar da su.[11]
Juyin juya halin Haiti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga cikin manyan jagororin juyin juya halin Haiti akwai Macaya, François Capois, Romaine-la-Prophétesse, Jean-Baptiste Belley, Magloire Ambroise, Nicolas Geffrard (janar), da Étienne Élie Gerin. Masu Yakin juyin juya halin sun haɗa da:
- Yaƙin Croix-des-Bouquets (22 Maris 1792),
- Siege na Port-au-Prince (12-14 Afrilu 1793),
- Yaƙin Cap-Français (1793) (20-22 Yuni 1793),
- Yaƙin Acul (19 Fabrairu 1794),
- Yaƙin Saint-Raphaël (20-21 Maris 1794),
- Yaƙin Gonaïves (29 Afrilu-5 Mayu 1794),
- Yaƙin wuƙaƙe (1799 zuwa 1800): Yaƙin basasa daga Yuni 1799 zuwa Yuli 1800 tsakanin ɗan juyin juya halin Haiti Toussaint Louverture, da André Rigaud ,
- Yaƙin Ravine-à-Couleuvres (23 Fabrairu 1802),
- Yaƙin Crete-à-Pierrot (4-24 Maris 1802),
- Toshewar Saint-Domingue (18 Yuni - 6 Disamba 1803),
- Ayyukan 28 Yuni 1803 ,
- Yaƙin Vertières (18 Nuwamba 1803)
Sanarwar 'Yancin Haitian
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi shelar samun 'yancin kai na Haiti a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, 1804, a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gonaïves ta Jean-Jacques Dessalines, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen juyin juya halin Haiti na tsawon shekaru 13. Da wannan ikirari, Haiti ta zama al'ummar Baƙar fata ta farko mai cin gashin kanta a Yammacin Duniya. [12]
Jean-Jacques Dessalines ya zama shugaban farko na Haiti mai cin gashin kanta ƙarƙashin tsarin mulkin 1805. Ya kasance Gwamna-Janar na Haiti daga 1 ga watan Janairu, 1804, zuwa Satumba 22, ga watan 1804, da Sarkin Haiti daga 22 ga watan Satumba, 1804, zuwa 17 ga watan Oktoba, 1806.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Amurka da juyin juya halin Haiti
- Armée Indigéne
- Ranar 30 ga Maris, 1798
- Ƙarshen bauta a Haiti
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Copied from the article Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- ↑ Copied from the article Jean-Baptiste Belley
- ↑ Edmond, Louisket (2010). The Tears of Haiti. Xlibris. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4535-1770-3. LCCN 2010908468. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ↑ Senauth, Frank (2011). The Making and Destruction of Haiti. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: AuthorHouse. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4567-5384-9. LCCN 2011907203.
- ↑ Haydn, Joseph; Benjamin Vincent (1860). A Dictionary of Dates Relating to All Ages and Nations: For Universal Reference Comprehending Remarkable Occurrences, Ancient and Modern, The Foundation, Laws, and Governments of Countries-Their Progress In Civilization, Industry, Arts and Science-Their Achievements In Arms-And Their Civil, Military, And Religious Institutions, And Particularly of the British Empire. p. 321. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ↑ Copied from the article Haiti
- ↑ Copied from the article Saint-Domingue
- ↑ John K. Thornton. I Am the Subject of the King of Congo: African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution Archived 23 ga Yuli, 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Millersville University of Pennsylvania
- ↑ Copied from the article 1791 slave rebellion
- ↑ J. M. Thompson, The French Revolution (1943) identifies a series of major and minor mistakes and mishaps, pp. 224–227
- ↑ Copied from the article Georges Biassou
- ↑ Geggus, David (2011). Canny, Nicholas; Morgan, Philip (eds.). "The Haitian Revolution in Atlantic Perspective". The Oxford Handbook of the Atlantic World. 1. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0031.