Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Arewacin Makidoniya
 Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Arewacin Makidoniya | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Yancin Bayanai |
| Fuskar |
Q126912112 |
| Ƙasa | Masadoiniya ta Arewa |
Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a da 'yancin bayanai (FOI) suna nufin haƙƙin samun damar samun bayanai da hukumomin jama'a ke riƙewa wanda aka fi sani da "yancin sanin". Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga ingantaccen aiki na tsarin dimokuradiyya, yayin da yake inganta alhakin gwamnatoci da jami'an gwamnati, haɓaka sa hannun mutane da kuma ba da damar sa hannun jama'a. Babban jigon haƙƙin samun damar bayanai na jama'a shine cewa bayanan da cibiyoyin gwamnati ke riƙewa a ka'idar jama'a ne kuma ana iya ɓoye su ne kawai bisa ga dalilai na halal waɗanda ya kamata a ba da cikakken bayani a cikin doka.[1]
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Arewacin Makidoniya (Mataki na 16) ya tabbatar da samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a. Don aiwatar da wannan haƙƙin tsarin mulki, Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar Makidoniya a watan Janairun 2006 ta amince da Dokar samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a wanda ke bayyana hanyoyin yin amfani da wannan haƙƙi. An yi wa Dokar gyare-gyare sosai a farkon shekara ta 2010. [2] Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Shari'a da Dimokuradiyya ta gudanar, Makidoniya tana cikin matsayi na 14 a cikin jerin jihohin da ke da doka mafi aiki kan samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a kyauta, duk da gaskiyar cewa an gabatar da wannan haƙƙin cikin tsarin shari'ar Makidoniya a cikin kwanan nan.[2] Koyaya, a cewar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, aiwatar da Dokar samun dama kyauta ga Bayanan Jama'a ya kasance mara tasiri.[3]
Sharuɗɗan FOI a ƙarƙashin doka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar samun dama ga bayanai kyauta ta jaddada wajibin cibiyoyin samar da bayanai tare da takamaiman ƙayyadaddun lokaci: yana bawa mutane da hukumomin shari'a damar yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a kuma yana tilasta masu riƙe da bayanai su samar da bayanai ga jama'a.[2]
Hukumomin gwamnati da ke ƙarƙashin doka sune cibiyoyin gwamnati da sauran hukumomi da cibiyoyin da doka ta kafa, hukumomin birni, cibiyoyin jama'a da ayyuka, kamfanonin jama'a le mutane da hukumomin shari'a da ke yin hidimar jama'a.[2] Gabaɗaya, duk bayanan da ke akwai ga hukumomin jama'a da ke riƙe da bayanin jama'a ne.[2] Ana iya ƙin samun damar zuwa gare su a lokuta na musamman da doka ta ƙayyade.[2]
Masu riƙe da bayanai suna da alhakin adana rubuce-rubuce da sabunta jerin bayanan da ke cikin ajiyar su da kuma buga su a hanyar da jama'a ke da ita. Har ila yau, dole ne su samar da wuri don bincika bayanan da aka nema.[4]
Dukkanin cibiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin doka ana buƙatar su nada jami'ai don sarrafa damar samun bayanai. Su ne ma'auni ga 'yan ƙasa da ke son yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na samun damar bayanan jama'a.[5] Mai riƙe da bayanin ya tilasta wa jama'a sanar da mutumin da ke da alhakin yin sulhu da bayanai. Mutumin da aka nada don yin sulhu zai samar da bayanan da suka dace, ya taimaka wa mai nema kuma ya adana bayanan musamman don karɓar aikace-aikacen don bayanai[4]
Masu nema na iya gabatar da buƙatun a rubuce ko ta baki. Binciken takardun a ginin ma'aikatar kyauta ne. Kudin kwafin hoto, fassara, fassara ko isar da takardun za a iya caji ga mai nema.[6] Ya kamata a yanke shawara a kan bukatar a cikin kwanaki 30.[6] Ana iya ƙin samun bayanai idan yana barazana ga tsaron ƙasa ko na jama'a; tattalin arziki; muhalli; bukatun kasuwanci ko masu zaman kansu; manufofin kuɗi da musayar; ko kuma idan ya tsoma baki da rigakafin laifuka.[6]
Hukumar Kare Hakkin Samun Bayani na Jama'a (KOMSPI) tana da alhakin samar da bayanai ga 'yan ƙasa game da samun dama ga bayanai, saka idanu kan aiwatar da doka da kuma isar da rahotanni na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun game da aikace-aikacen Dokar ga Majalisar. Har ila yau kuma, Hukumar tana gudanar da tarurruka da horo da nufin ilimantar da jami'an gwamnati a cikin ayyukansu don aiwatar da damar samun damar dokar bayanai ta jama'a.[2] Dangane da Rahoton Ci gaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta 2015 Hukumar ba ta da isasshen ikon saka idanu kan bin diddigin bayyana bayanai, kuma ba ta da ikon sanya takunkumi don inganta aiwatar da dokar.[3]
Mai nema yana da damar daukaka kara game da kin amincewa. Shari'ar farko ita ce ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a; idan mai nema bai gamsu da shawarar ba, zai iya ƙaddamar da bita na shari'a.[6]
Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da kyakkyawan tsarin shari'a, aiwatar da Dokar kan Samun Bayani na Jama'a ya kasance mara tasiri.[3] Ba a sanya hukunci ba don rashin bin doka.[3] An cire jam'iyyun siyasa daga jerin masu riƙe da bayanai, don haka ba su cikin ikon doka ba.[3]
A cewar 'yan jarida, akwai halin da hukumomin gwamnati ke yi na yin amfani da "rarraba" takardu don hana jama'a samun bayanai.[3] A cewar Freedom House, ana aiwatar da dokar ba daidai ba kuma ana zabar ta, tare da musanta martani na hukuma da kuma kauce wa kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu ko masu mahimmanci.[7]
Don saka idanu da gwada aiwatar da dokar, a cikin 2012 Kungiyar Matasan Lauyoyi ta Makidoniya (MYLA) ta gabatar da buƙatun 145 don samun damar samun bayanai na sha'awar jama'a ga cibiyoyin gwamnati da yawa. Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na masu riƙe da bayanai sun amsa a cikin iyakar lokacin doka kuma sun ba da bayanin da aka nema.[8] Koyaya, wasu matsalolin aiwatarwa da matsaloli sun fito, kamar aikin sake tura buƙatun zuwa wasu cibiyoyin jihar, maimakon isar da shi.[8]
Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2013 ta Foundation Open Society - Macedonia, wani bangare mai mahimmanci na 'yan ƙasar Makidoniya ba su yi imani da cewa suna da damar samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a da neman bayanai na jamaʼa ba.[7] Dangane da binciken, fiye da rabin 'yan ƙasa ba su taɓa ji ba kuma ba su san Dokar kan Samun Bayanan Jama'a kyauta ba; kawai 13% daga cikinsu suna da masaniya game da Dokar.[7]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Turai
- 'Yanci na bayanai
- Dokokin 'yancin bayanai ta ƙasa
- Bayyanawa na mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Turai
- Kafofin watsa labarai na Jamhuriyar Makidoniya
- Bayyanawa na mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Jamhuriyar Makidoniya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Freedom of Information, UNESCO. Samfuri:Retrieved
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Suzana Dzamtoska-Zdravkovska (2012). "Free Access to Public Information - More Transparency, Less Corruption: The case of Republic of Macedonia". eprints.ugd.edu.mk. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Academia.edu" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Report 2015" (PDF). ec.europa.eu. European Commission. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "EC2015" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Free access to information". Sep.gov.mk. Government of the Republic of Macedonia. Secretariat for European Affairs. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "sep.gov" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Suzana Dzamtoska-Zdravkovska (2012). "Free Access to Public Information - More Transparency, Less Corruption: The case of Republic of Macedonia". eprints.ugd.edu.mk. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "BIRN" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Belief in Access Rights Found Low in Macedonian Survey". freedominfo.org. Freedominfo.org. The global network of freedom of information advocates. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "FreedomHouse" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Macedonia: Serious channelges for access to public information". edri.org. European Digital Rights. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2017.