Sanarwar Ilulissat
 Sanarwar Ilulissat | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Daular Denmark |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Daular Denmark |
Autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark (en)  | Greenland |
Sanarwar Ilulissat takarda ce da ke nuna wajibi ga ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa da alhakin yanki don mayar da martani ga mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi dangane da narkewar kankara na Arctic.[1]
An kawo shi cikin karfi a ranar 28 ga Mayu, shekara ta 2008 da Amurka, Tarayyar Rasha, Kanada, Norway da Denmark (jihohin bakin teku guda biyar na Tekun Arctic, wanda kuma aka sani da Arctic biyar ko A5, bayan taron Arctic Ocean a Ilulissat, Greenland. Wakilan taron sun tattauna kan Tekun Arctic, canjin yanayi, kare yanayin marine, kiyaye lafiyar ruwa, da kuma sabbin hanyoyin jirgin ruwa). yayi magana game da yankunan "halayen halittu masu rauni, rayuwar mazauna gida da al'ummomin 'yan asali, da kuma yiwuwar amfani da albarkatun kasa", yana kira da tsarin mulki da ikon mallaka don isar da alhakin Arctic biyar.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da suka shafi sauyin yanayi a yankin Arctic, da ke haifar da narkar da kankarar tekun Arctic, sun zama kasa don inganta kulawa da hadin gwiwa a yankin. Tsoron cin gajiyar tattalin arziki da gurbatar yanayi a cikin Tekun Arctic shine babban tushen ci gaba wajen tsarawa da aiwatar da sanarwar Ilulissat.[2] narkewar ƙanƙarar Arctic, wanda sauyin yanayi ya tsananta, ya ƙara nuna damuwa cewa ayyukan tattalin arziƙi a yankin za su ƙara ƙasƙantar da muhalli - don haka ya yi kira da a sabunta ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa tare da sake tabbatar da iƙirarin yankuna. Misali, narkewar kankarar teku zai haifar da ƙarin hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na Arctic, kamar hanyar Arewa maso Yamma, wanda zai iya haifar da cin gajiyar tattalin arziki a cikin Arctic.[3]
Mutane da yawa suna ganin girman yankin na sanarwar a matsayin martani ga masu binciken Rasha da suka kafa tutar Rasha a kasan gabar tekun Arctic a shekara ta 2007, shekara guda kafin sanarwar Ilulissat. Wannan abin da ya faru ya yi tasirin wasan ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, tare da faɗakarwa game da ɓarke na Arctic. Irin wannan bayyani na zafafan rikice-rikicen yanki na siyasa ya ƙara jin tsoron kishiyoyin ƙasa a cikin Arctic mai saurin narkewa, wanda daga nan ne sanarwar Ilulissat ta taso.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana jin tsoron cewa wani abin da ake kira 'gizon mulki', wanda lamarin ya faru a cikin tuta, ya kara haifar da matsala, wanda ya haifar da ra'ayi na kasa da kasa na rikici a yankin Arctic - wanda jihohin yankin suka fahimci cewa za su ba da harsashi ga kasashen waje don kokarin yin da'awar a yankin. Don haka, ƙaddamar da A5 ga sanarwar Ilulissat an kuma tsara shi don yin aiki a matsayin nuni na duniya da tunatarwa cewa an riga an sami "tsarin yanki a cikin Arctic"
An danganta shi da tsoron da aka ambata na 'rabin mulki', wani dalili na ƙirƙirar wannan sanarwar shine kawai don toshe duk wani kira na yarjejeniyar Arctic wanda zai kawo sababbin dokoki da sababbin jihohi. An goyan bayan tsarin mulkin yanki a cikin sanarwar Ilulissat, yana bayyana cewa tsarin shari'a na yanzu - Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Bahar (UNCLOS) - shine ci gaba da mutuntawa kuma a kiyaye shi sosai.
Shiga cikin tsarawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar yadda A5 kawai ya ƙunshi biyar daga cikin mambobi takwas na Majalisar Arctic, wannan yana nufin cewa Majalisar Arctic, a matsayin cikakken taron, ba a haɗa shi ba - rasa Sweden, Iceland, da Finland.[6] Har ila yau, an cire ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin irin su mahalarta dindindin na Majalisar Arctic, kamar Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)[4]
Babban taron Tekun Arctic na 2008 (inda aka tsara sanarwar) Per Stig Møller, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Danish a lokacin, da Hans Enoksen, Firayim Ministan Greenland a lokacin. Manyan mahalarta taron sun hada da Sergey Lavrov, ministan harkokin wajen Rasha, Jonas Gahr Støre, ministan harkokin wajen Norway, Gary Lunn, ministan albarkatun kasa na Canada, da John Negroponte, mataimakin sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon; Thomasen, Gry (2018). "Learning from the Ilulissat Initiative: State Power, Institutional Legitimacy, and Governance in the Arctic Ocean 2007‒18" (PDF). Centre for Military Studies
- ↑ Dodds, Klaus (2013). "The Ilulissat Declaration (2008): The Arctic States, "Law of the Sea," and Arctic Ocean". SAIS Review of International Affairs. 33 (2): 45–55. doi:10.1353/sais.2013.0018. S2CID 153987916.
- ↑ Grieger, Gisela (May 2018). "China's Arctic policy: How China aligns rights and interests" (PDF). European Parliamentary Research Service.
- ↑ Arctic Counsel (2008-05-26). "Conference on the Arctic Ocean: The Danish Foreign Minister wants unity about the future of the Arctic Ocean. Outrageous attempts to make demands on the Arctic Ocean region should be a thing of the past". The Arctic Council. Archived from the original on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2008-06-06.