Sandra Day O'Connor
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Sandra Day O'Connor (Maris 26, 1930 - Disamba 1, 2023) lauyan Amurka ce, yar siyasa, kuma masaniyar shari'a wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin abokiyar shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Amurka daga 1981 zuwa 2006. Shugaba Ronald Reagan ne ya zaɓa. O'Connor ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin alkalin kotun kolin Amurka.[1][2] 'Yar mazan jiya mai matsakaicin ra'ayi, an dauke ta a matsayin kuri'a mai lankwasa. Kafin lokacin O'Connor a Kotun, ta kasance alkali ta jihar Arizona kuma a baya zaɓaɓɓen 'yar majalisa a Arizona, tana aiki a matsayin mace ta farko shugabar masu rinjaye na majalisar dattijai a matsayin shugabar Republican a majalisar dattijan Arizona.[3] Bayan nadin ta ga Kotun, Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ta tabbatar da O'Connor baki daya.
Rayuwar baya da karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Sandra Day a ranar 26 ga Maris, 1930, a El Paso, Texas, 'yar Harry Alfred Day, mai kiwon dabbobi, da Ada Mae (Wilkey).[4][5][6] Ta girma a kan wani wurin kiwon dabbobi mai girman eka 198,000 kusa da Duncan, Arizona da kuma a El Paso, inda ta halarci makaranta.[7] Gidanta yana da nisan mil tara daga titin titin mafi kusa, kuma ba shi da ruwan fanfo ko wutar lantarki sai Sandra ta cika shekara bakwai.[8] Tun tana kuruciya ta mallaki bindiga mai caliber .22, kuma tana harba kwarya da jackrabbits. Ta fara tuƙi da zarar ta hango a kan dashboard, kuma dole ne ta koyi canza tayoyin da kanta.[9] Sandra tana da kanne biyu, kanwa da kanne, bi da bi takwas da shekara goma karamarta. 'Yar'uwarta Ann Day ta kasance memba a majalisar dokokin Arizona daga 1990 zuwa 2000.[18] Ɗan'uwanta shi ne H. Alan Day, ma'aikacin kiwo na rayuwa, wanda tare da shi ta rubuta Lazy B: Girma a kan Rawar Shanu a Amurka ta Kudu maso Yamma (2002), game da abubuwan da suka samu na ƙuruciyarsu a gonar. Ga mafi yawan karatunta na farko, Day ta zauna a El Paso tare da kakarta ta uwa, kuma ta halarci makaranta a Makarantar Radford don 'yan mata, makaranta mai zaman kanta,[10] kamar yadda rukunin dangi ya yi nisa da kowace makaranta, kodayake Rana. ya iya komawa gidan kiwo don hutu da bazara Day ta yi shekara ta takwas tana zaune a gidan kiwo kuma ta hau bas mai nisan mil 32 zuwa makaranta. Ta sauke karatu na shida a ajin ta a Austin High School a El Paso a 1946.[11]
Aikin farko da aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da take shekararta ta ƙarshe a Makarantar Shari'a ta Stanford, Ranar ta fara soyayya da John Jay O'Connor III, wanda yake aji ɗaya a bayanta.[12][13] A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1952, wata shida bayan kammala karatunta O'Connor da Day sun yi aure a gidan kiwon danginta.[14]
Bayan kammala karatun lauya a shekarar 1952, O'Connor ta sami matsala wajen samun aikin biyan kuɗi a matsayin lauya a kamfanin lauyoyi saboda jinsinta. O'Connor ta sami aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar lauya a San Mateo, California, bayan da ta yi tayin yin aiki ba tare da albashi ba kuma ba tare da ofishi ba, ta raba sarari tare da sakatare.[15] Bayan 'yan watanni, ta fara zana ƙaramin albashi yayin da take yin bincike na shari'a kuma ta rubuta memos. Ta yi aiki tare da Lauyan gundumar San Mateo Louis Dematteis da mataimakin lauya Keith Sorensen.[16]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Weisman, Steven R. (July 7, 1981). "Reagan Nominating Woman, an Arizona Appeals Judge, to Serve on Supreme Court". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2000. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
- ↑ "Sandra Day O'Connor | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. May 11, 2023. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
- ↑ "O'Connor, Sandra Day". Federal Judicial Center. Archived from the original on March 6, 2004. Retrieved March 21, 2006
- ↑ Murray, Ashley (December 2023). "Sandra Day O'Connor, who made history as the first woman on the Supreme Court, dies at 93". Oregon Capital Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ↑ "Sandra Day O'Connor Fast Facts". CNN. December 1, 2023. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023
- ↑ See "Sandra Day O'Connor". Oyez. Archived from the original on March 17, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
- ↑ "Book Discussion on Sisters in Law" Presenter: Linda Hirshman, author. Politics and Prose Bookstore. BookTV, Washington. September 3, 2015. 13 minutes in. Retrieved September 12, 2015 C-Span website Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Kamen, Al; Williams, Marjorie (June 11, 1989). "How Sandra Day O'Connor became the most powerful woman in 1980s America". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
- ↑ Heilpern, John (April 2013). "Sandra Day O'Connor on Growing Up with Guns and Her Views on Assault Weapons". The Hive. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2017
- ↑ Former Pima County Supervisor Ann Day dies at the age of 77". Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
- ↑ Former Pima County Supervisor Ann Day dies at the age of 77". Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
- ↑ Heilpern, John (April 2013). "Sandra Day O'Connor on Growing Up with Guns and Her Views on Assault Weapons". The Hive. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
- ↑ Thomas, Evan (2019). First: Sandra Day O'Connor. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0399589287
- ↑ Thomas, Evan (2019). First: Sandra Day O'Connor. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0399589287.
- ↑ Baughman, J. (Ed.). (2001). O'Connor, Sandra Day 1930–. American Decades, 9. September 21, 2016
- ↑ LAPR – State Library of Arizona". apps.azlibrary.gov. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017