Sandunan toshe fuska

Sandunan toshe fuska
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	censorship (en)

sandunan toshe fuska, wanda aka fi sani da bakin sanduna, wani nau'i ne na rubutu, daukar hoto, da kuma tantance bidiyo wanda baƙar fata, launin toka, ko fararen akwatunan rectangular suka rufe bayanai ko hotuna. An yi amfani da waɗannan sanduna don tantance sassa daban-daban na hotuna.^[1]^[2] Tun lokacin da aka kirkiro software na gyaran dijital wanda zai iya amfani da tasirin da ba su da mahimmanci kamar pixelization da Duwadduwa, ana amfani da sandunan tantancewa don satire, ^[3] kodayake suna ci gaba da amfani da su a zamani don magance damuwar sirri.^[4] Ana amfani da sandunan toshe a cikin siffofin fasaha kamar Waƙoƙin rufewa.

manazarta

Har ila yau, sandunan masu tantancewa na iya samun kalmomin "An hana bayyana", "An gyara", "bayanan sirri", "bayanai masu mahimmanci", da dai sauransu don nuna kasancewarsu.

Wani lokaci, ana maye gurbin sandunan tantancewa da hotuna maimakon sanduna kawai.

Hotuna na amfani

A 1965 Federal Bureau of Investigation surveillance photograph
A heavily redacted page from the lawsuit American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft
The censor bar as used by Google in the SOPA and PIPA online protests
Censor bars applied to an academy painting, The Birth of Venus by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
Censor bars applied to a model
Censor bars applied to a patient with Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Censor bars used to anonymise a woman with familial dysautonomia
The Turkish Wikipedia logo with a censor bar covering the text, used from April 2017 to January 2020 when Turkish authorities blocked online access to Wikipedia in all languages across Turkey
A portion of the redacted affidavit used to obtain a search warrant for former U.S. President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago home and resort, with the signature block blacked out

↑ The Purple Decades: A Reader, Tom Wolfe, p. 78
↑ Context Providers: Conditions of Meaning in Media Arts, Margot Lovejoy & Christiane Paul & Victoria Vesna
↑ Banned in the media: a reference guide to censorship in the press, motion pictures, broadcasting, and the internet, Herbert N. Foerstel, p. 208
↑ Click: The Forces Behind How We Fully Engage with People, Work, and Everything We Do, Ori Brafman & Rom Brafman, p.108

[1] The Purple Decades: A Reader, Tom Wolfe, p. 78

[2] Context Providers: Conditions of Meaning in Media Arts, Margot Lovejoy & Christiane Paul & Victoria Vesna

[3] Banned in the media: a reference guide to censorship in the press, motion pictures, broadcasting, and the internet, Herbert N. Foerstel, p. 208

[4] Click: The Forces Behind How We Fully Engage with People, Work, and Everything We Do, Ori Brafman & Rom Brafman, p.108

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