Sansanin Cape Coast
| Sansanin Cape Coast | |
|---|---|
| Cape Coast Castle | |
 UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions | |
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Ghana |
| Yankuna na Ghana | Yankin Tsakiya |
| Babban birni | Cape Coast |
| Coordinates | 5°06′13″N 1°14′29″W / 5.10358°N 1.24125°W |
 | |
| History and use | |
| Opening | 1653 |
| Mai-iko | Ghana |
Occupant (en)  |
Swedish overseas colonies (en) 1650 - 1663 Danish colonial empire (en) 1663 - 1664Daular Biritaniya 1664 - 1957 Ghana 1957 |
| Material(s) | Brick |
| Launi | ██ Fari |
| Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya | |
| Criterion |
(vi) (en) |
| Reference | 34-002 |
| Region[upper-roman 1] | Africa |
| Registration | ) |
| Contact | |
| Address | Victoria Rd, Cape Coast |
| Offical website | |
| |
Cape Coast Castle ( Swedish ) ɗaya ne daga cikin kusan arba'in "gidajen bauta", ko kuma manyan katangar kasuwanci, waɗanda 'yan kasuwa na Turai suka gina a gabar tekun Zinariya ta Yammacin Afirka (yanzu Ghana ). Asalin asalin "feitoria" ne na Portuguese ko wurin kasuwanci, wanda aka kafa a 1555, wanda ake kira Cabo Corso .
A shekara ta 1653, Kamfanin Afirka na Sweden ya gina wani sansanin katako. Da farko cibiyar cinikin katako ne da zinariya, sannan daga baya aka yi amfani da ita a Cinikin bayi na Atlantic.[1] Sauran Gidan bayi na Ghana sun hada da Elmina Castle da Fort Christiansborg . An yi amfani da su don ɗaukar bayi ga 'yan Afirka kafin a ɗora su a kan jiragen ruwa kuma a sayar da su a Amurka, musamman Caribbean. Wannan "ƙofar babu dawowa" ita ce tashar karshe kafin haye Tekun Atlantika.[2] Cape Coast Castle, tare da sauran sansanoni da manyan gidaje a Ghana, an haɗa su a cikin UNESCO World Heritage List saboda shaidar da suka yi wa kasuwancin zinariya da bayi na Atlantic.[3]
Tarihin kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawan ƙurar zinariya da aka samu a Ghana shine abin da ya fi janyo hankalin Turai, kuma yawancin 'yan asalin Cape Coast sun yi amfani da wannan don amfanin su. Don musayar zinariya, mahogany, sauran kayayyakin da aka samar a cikin gida da kuma bayi, 'yan Afirka na cikin gida sun sami tufafi, bargo, kayan yaji, sukari, siliki da sauran abubuwa da yawa. Gidan sarauta a Cape Coast kasuwa ce inda wannan cinikin musayar ya faru.
A wannan lokacin, 'yan Afirka masu bautar kaya ne masu mahimmanci a Amurka da sauran wurare, kuma bayi sune manyan kasuwanci a Cape Coast.[4] Saboda haka, an yi canje-canje da yawa ga sansanin. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canjen shine ƙara manyan dungeons na karkashin kasa wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane dubu da ke jiran fitarwa. Kasashen Turai da yawa sun taru zuwa yankin don samun tushe a kasuwancin bayi. Kasuwancin ya kasance mai gasa sosai, wanda ya haifar da rikici kuma saboda wannan dalili, sansanonin sun sauya hannaye sau da yawa a lokacin tarihin kasuwancin su.
Yanayin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Cape Coast Castle, dungeon karkashin kasa wuri ne na tsoro, mutuwa, da duhu. Wannan ya tsaya a matsayin juxtaposition kai tsaye ga wuraren zama na Turai da kuma umarni na tsawo na wuraren gudanarwa a sama, wanda mazaunansu ke rayuwa da kyau. Ginin wannan babban kagara sau da yawa shine kwarewar ƙarshe da bayi suka samu game da ƙasarsu kafin a tura su a fadin Tekun Atlantika, saboda wannan ya nuna farkon tafiyarsu.
Tarihin gini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ginin farko da aka kafa a shafin yanar gizon Cape Coast Castle na yanzu Hendrik Caerloff ne ya gina shi don Kamfanin Afirka na Sweden. Caerloff tsohon ma'aikaci ne na Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya na Dutch wanda ya tashi zuwa matsayin kasafin kudi kafin ya yi aiki tare da kamfanin da Louis de Geer ya kafa. A matsayinsa na tsohon babban jami'in Dutch, Caerloff yana da dangantaka ta abokantaka tare da shugabannin yankin da ake buƙata don kafa wurin kasuwanci. A shekara ta 1650, Caerloff ya yi nasarar samun izinin sarkin Fetu don kafa sansani a Cabo Corso (ma'anar "gajeren cape" a cikin Portuguese, daga baya ya lalace zuwa Turanci Cape Coast). [5] An gina gidan katako na farko a shafin a cikin 1653 kuma an sanya masa suna Carolusborg bayan Sarki Charles X na Sweden.
Caerloff ya koma Turai a shekara ta 1655, ya bar Johann Philipp von Krusenstjerna a matsayin mai kula da Carolusborg. Louis de Geer, duk da haka, ya mutu a halin yanzu, kuma Caerloff ya shiga cikin rikici mai tsanani tare da magadansa. A Amsterdam, ya shawo kan 'yan kasuwa da su ba da allurar kudi ga Kamfanin Danish West India, wanda ya tashi zuwa Gold Coast a cikin 1657, tare da burin da ke cikin tunanin kama wa Denmark ɗakunan Sweden da sansanonin da ya kafa kansa.[5] Tare da taimakon Dutch, Caerloff ya yi nasarar fitar da Swedes, ya bar Gold Coast a kan jirgin da aka kama Stockholms Slott, kuma tare da Von Krusenstjerna a cikin jirgin a matsayin fursuna.[5]
Caerloff ya bar Samuel Smit, wanda shi ma tsohon ma'aikacin Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya na Dutch, wanda ke kula da Carolusborg.[5] Yaren mutanen Holland sun iya shawo kan Smit a cikin 1659 game da jita-jita cewa Sweden ta ci Denmark, inda Smit ya koma Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya na Yamma, ya mika dukkan kadarorin Danish ga Yaren mutanen Dutch. Sarkin Fetu bai gamsu da wannan ba, duk da haka, kuma ya hana Dutch mallakar sansanin. Bayan shekara guda, Sarki ya yanke shawarar sayar da shi ga mutanen Sweden. Bayan Sarki ya mutu a shekara ta 1663, Dutch sun sami damar zama a sansanin.[5]
Danish sun kafa wani sansani, Fort Frederiksborg (1661), kawai 'yan daruruwan mita gabas daga Carolusborg. Ko da yake an kafa shi daidai don kaddamar da hari a kan Carolusborg, da Ingilishi ya kama Carolusborg (1664) a lokacin da aka fara yakin Anglo-Dutch na biyu, ya hana Danes kalubalantar su; Ingilishi sun karfafa sansanin, wanda suka kira Cape Coast Castle, har ma da Dutch Admiral Michiel de Ruyter ya ga ba zai yiwu a ci nasara ba.[5] Kamar yadda Dutch suka kama tsohon hedkwatar Ingila a Kormantsin kuma suka sake gina shi a matsayin Fort Amsterdam, Cape Coast ya zama sabon babban birnin mallakar Ingila a Gold Coast.[5]
A shekara ta 1689, an rataye ɗan fashi Duncan Mackintosh a Castle tare da wasu daga cikin ma'aikatansa, kodayake ba zai zama ɗan fashi na ƙarshe da aka rataye a sansanin ba.[6] A shekara ta 1722, sansanin shine wurin da aka yanke wa mutane 54 daga cikin ma'aikatan ɗan fashi Bartholomew Roberts hukuncin kisa, daga cikinsu an rataye 52 kuma an fanshe biyu.
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A cikin 1757, a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, rundunar sojan ruwa ta Faransa ta lalace sosai kuma kusan ta kama Cape Coast Castle.[5] Wannan taron mai yiwuwa yana daya daga cikin mahimman dalilan da suka sa aka sake gina Gidan sarauta gaba ɗaya, wanda ya kasance sananne ne saboda ganuwar da ke rushewa da rufin da ke ɓoyewa.[5] A shekara ta 1762, an gina wani babban gini da ya ƙare a cikin hasumiya a gefen yamma kuma a shekara ta 1773, an gina wani gini mai tsawo tare da labule na arewa, a lokacin da aka rushe ragowar karshe na karni na 17. Greenhill Point, wani bastion a gabashin gidan sarauta, an maye gurbinsa da sabbin bastions guda biyu, tare da ƙofar teku a tsakiya. A kudu, sabbin bastions guda biyu, masu suna Grassle's Bastions, sun maye gurbin tsohuwar hasumiya a matsayin babban aikin tsaro. Hasumiyar, wacce yanzu ba ta da amfani da soja, an tsawaita ta a cikin shekarun 1790 tare da hawa biyu, yanzu sun zama gidajen gwamnoni. An yi amfani da sararin da ke ƙasa da Bastions na Grassle a matsayin sabon dungeons na bawa.[5]
Siege na Carolusborg (1652)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan gina Carolusborg a cikin shekara ta 1652, Dutch sun gan shi a matsayin barazana ga ikon cinikin su kuma sun fara shirya hanyar fitar da Swedes, an shirya kewaye a cikin shekara a shekara ta 1652.[7]
Shahararrun gwamnoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1824, Gwamnan Biritaniya Sir Charles MacCarthy, ya yi nasara a hannun Ashanti Army, ya kashe kansa, kuma aka mayar da kokon kansa zuwa babban birnin Ashanti ([Kumasi]) inda aka ce an yi amfani da shi a matsayin ƙoƙon sha.[8] George Maclean shi ne shugaban kwamitin 'yan kasuwa a Cape Coast Castle daga 1830 har zuwa 1844, lokacin da shugaban kasa maimakon Gwamna ya mulki Burtaniya a cikin Gold Coast. A cikin Oktoba 1836 ya sadu da mawaƙin Letitia Landon a wurin liyafar cin abincin dare yayin da yake ziyara a Burtaniya. Sun yi aure kuma suka koma Cape Coast Castle inda, a cikin watanni biyu, Landon ya mutu saboda raunin zuciya. Dukansu Maclean da Landon an binne su a farfajiyar gidan. An tuhumi Maclean da kawo karshen cinikin bayi kuma ya yi haka a 300 km (200 mi) na gabar tekun Afirka ta Yamma. Duk da haka, sunansa ya yi baƙin ciki saboda shirye-shiryen da ya yi na tallafa wa mallakar bayin da ke kusa da Cape Coast Castle. Don haka an ba shi matsayi zuwa Mahimmin Shari'a kuma an kula da shi saboda yawan iliminsa na gida da jajircewarsa na kasuwanci. Ya kuma yi sulhu da Ashanti (Yarjejeniyar 1831), ya kafa tsarin shari'a da har yanzu ake amfani da shi a yawancin dimokuradiyyar Afirka, ya kuma karfafa ciniki cikin nasara da adalci. Ya mutu a cikin kagara.
Sabuntawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan sarauta, ko katanga da gidan kurkuku, don ba da sunansa na hukuma, an fara mayar da shi a cikin 1920s ta Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a na Biritaniya.
A cikin 1957, lokacin da Ghana ta sami 'yancin kai, gidan sarauta ya kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi da Monuments na Ghana (GMMB). A farkon shekarun 1990 ne gwamnatin Ghana ta mayar da ginin, tare da kudade daga hukumar raya kasashe ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), hukumar raya kasashe ta Amurka (USAID), tare da taimakon fasaha daga Cibiyar Smithsonian da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
Cultural references
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Littafin 2016 Homegoing na Yaa Gyasi yana yin nuni akai-akai game da Castle. Bambance-bambancen yanayin rayuwa tsakanin Turawan da ke zaune a sama da kuma bayin da ke zaune a kasa an bayyana su a cikin labaran daidaikun mutane biyu mata masu aure, Effia da Esi, a lokacin da suke a gidan sarauta. Yayin da Effia, matar wani bawan Ingila, tana zaune cikin jin daɗi, Esi tana fama da kuncin rayuwa a cikin gidajen kurkukun da ke ƙasa ba tare da sanin ƙanwarta ba.[9]
Fim ɗin Sankofa na 1993 kuma yana amfani da gidan sarauta a matsayin wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin shirin, yana nufin alaƙar da ta gabata da cinikin bayi na Atlantic.
Tsarin 3D da amfani da na’urar laser ta ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 2015, aikin Zamani ya rubuta tarihin Gidan Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast da fasahar bincike ta laser 3D ta ƙasa.[10][11] Wannan ƙungiyar bincike mai zaman kanta na musamman wajen rubuta bayanan al'adu ta hanyar fasahar dijital na 3D. Bayanan da aikin Zamani ke samarwa na haifar da rikodin dindindin da za a iya amfani da shi wajen bincike, ilimi, gyare-gyare da kuma kula da tarihi.[12][13][14] Samfuri na 3D da kuma yawon duba ta hoto na Cape Coast Castle suna samuwa a www.zamaniproject.org. Ana kuma iya kallon motsin hoto na wannan samfuri na 3D a nan.
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast -
Katangar ginin -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, kamar yadda Birtaniya ta sake ginawa a ƙarni na 18 -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, Ghana -
Kwallayen bindiga a Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, wani gini da aka yi amfani da shi a cinikin bayi na Tekun Atlantika -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, Ghana -
Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka Melania Trump tana yawon duba Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, Ghana -
Dakin bayi maza -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast, Ghana -
Shekara ta 1874, lokacin yaƙin Anglo-Ashanti na uku -
Gidan Gwangwani na Cape Coast
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Cape Coast Castle - Castles, Palaces and Fortresses". www.everycastle.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ↑ "Ghana's Slave Castles: The Shocking Story of the Ghanaian Cape Coast". theculturetrip.com. Archived from the original on 2022-04-25. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
- ↑ "Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions". UNESCO World Heritage Convention. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 9 Oct 2022.
- ↑ "Cape Coast Castle (1652- ) •" (in Turanci). 2009-12-02. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 Van Dantzig 1999.
- ↑ Hill, S. Charles (1919). Carnac, Sir Richard Temple (ed.). "EPISODES OF PIRACY IN THE EASTERN SEAS". Indian Antiquary a Journal of Oriental Research. Delhi: Swati Publications. 48: 217–219. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
- ↑ Milhist (2013-11-01). "Svenskekrig på Guineakysten -". milhist.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ↑ Halik Kochanski Sir Garnet Wolseley: Victorian Hero 1999 - Page 61 1852851880 "The British governor, Sir James McCarthy, was defeated by the Asante army, committed suicide, and his skull was sent back to the Asante capital Kumasi where it was used as a drinking cup.1"
- ↑ "A Sprawling Epic of Africa and America". The New Yorker (in Turanci). 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
- ↑ "Site - Cape Coast Castle". zamaniproject.org. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
- ↑ Chris Giles. "Meet the scientists immortalizing African heritage in virtual reality". CNN. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
- ↑ Rüther, Heinz. "An African heritage database, the virtual preservation of Africa's past" (PDF). www.isprs.org.
- ↑ Rajan, Rahim S.; Rüther, Heinz (2007-05-30). "Building a Digital Library of Scholarly Resources from the Developing World: An Introduction to Aluka". African Arts. 40 (2): 1–7. doi:10.1162/afar.2007.40.2.1. ISSN 0001-9933.
- ↑ Rüther, Heinz; Rajan, Rahim S. (December 2007). "Documenting African Sites: The Aluka Project". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. University of California Press. 66 (4): 437–443. doi:10.1525/jsah.2007.66.4.437. JSTOR 10.1525/jsah.2007.66.4.437.
Majiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Osei-Tutu, Brepong (2004), "African American reactions to the restoration of Ghana's 'slave castles' ", in: Public Archaeology; 3/4, 2004, pp. 195–204. ISSN 1465-5187.
- Shumway, Rebecca (2011), The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580463911.
- St. Clair, William (2006), The Grand Slave Emporium: Cape Coast Castle and the British slave trade. London: Profile Books ISBN 1-86197-904-5.
- Van Dantzig, Albert (1999). Forts and Castles of Ghana. Accra: Sedco Publishing. ISBN 9964-72-010-6.
- WorldStatesmen - Ghana
- Watt, Julie (2010). Poisoned Lives: The Regency Poet Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.) and British Gold Coast Administrator George Maclean (in Turanci). Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-420-8.