Sansanin aiki na Periprava
 Sansanin aiki na Periprava | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
labor camp (en)  da prison (en) | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Farawa | 1957 | |||
| Ƙasa | Romainiya | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Romainiya | |||
| Județ (mul) | Tulcea County (en) | |||
sansanin aiki na Periprava sansanin aiki ne wanda gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta Romania ke gudanarwa, wani ɓangare na sansanin aiki na Brăila Swamp. Sansanin, wanda ke kusa da ƙauyen Periprava a cikin Danube Delta, yana riƙe da fursunoni 2,000.[1][2] Dangane da binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta yi a cikin Kwaminisanci, kashi 8.23% na fursunonin siyasa a cikin Kwallon Kwaminisancin Romania sun yi lokaci a Periprava.[3] A cikin wallafe-wallafen kan kurkuku da sansanonin kwaminisanci a Romania, an bayyana sansanin aiki na Periprava a matsayin daya daga cikin wurare mafi tsanani na kurkuku. Dangane da tsananin tsare-tsare da tsarin aiki, tsoro, da kuma yawan mace-mace, an san sansanin a tsakanin tsoffin fursunoni a matsayin " sansanin mutuwa" na gaskiya.[4]
sansanin aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban wurin sansanin ma'aikata yana kusa da ƙauyen Periprava; wasu wuraren tsare-tsare a yankin sun kasance a C. A. Rosetti, Tulcea" A farkon shekarun 1950, Periprava wani bangare ne na Chilia Formation; ya zama kurkuku mai zaman kansa a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1957. [5] Sunan hukuma na sansanin shine Facility 0830 (Formațiunea 0830). [6] An nuna su ga zafi mai zafi da sauro a lokacin rani da iska mai sanyi a cikin hunturu, fursunoni suna zaune a cikin bangon tubali, 24 m2 pensles wanda ke riƙe da mutane 160 kowannensu. Sun shafe kwanakinsu suna yanka kara da gina madatsun ruwa; wadanda ba su iya cika adadin yau da kullun na manyan kara 8 ba tare da sanin komai ba ne daga masu gadi da ke amfani da sandunan roba[7]
A cewar shaidar da Andrei Muraru, shugaban Cibiyar Binciken Laifukan Kwaminisanci a Romania, ya yi a shekarar 2013, wannan "kamar ne ta kisan gilla; ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, mai wuce gona da iri, rashin mutunci da kuma nuna hankali. " An yi wa fursunoni aiki sosai, an yi musu duka, ba tare da zafi ba, kuma an tilasta musu shan ruwa mai datti daga Danube, wanda ya haifar da yaduwar cutar ta jiki.[1] Har ila yau, a cewar Muraru, wanda yanzu yake mai ba da shawara ga Shugaba Klaus Iohannis, an sanya fursunoni cikin "shirin hallaka na shaidan ta hanyar aiki mai gajiyarwa, yunwa da azabtarwa ta jiki". Mafi ƙanƙanta da ya mutu a Periprava yana da shekaru 19 kuma mafi tsufa 71. [8][2] Mutuwar ta kasance ne saboda gajiya, yunwa, sanyi, da azabtarwa; an harbe wasu daga cikin wadanda aka tsare yayin da suke ƙoƙarin tserewa daga sansanin. Akalla fursunoni 124, mafi yawansu na siyasa, an yi imanin sun mutu a sansanin aiki na Periprava.[9] Marieta Hrabanov, wacce ke tare da mijinta a sansanin tun 1958, ta tuna: "Ba wata rana ba ta wuce ba tare da ganin yadda suka kwashe wani mutum da aka yi wa duka har ya mutu ba. Sun cire su zuwa fata, suka ɗaure hannayensu da ƙafafunsu da waya, kuma suka jefa su kamar karnuka. "[4]
Wadanda aka tsare
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Periprava na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka tsare marubucin Romania Florin Pavlovici, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tarihinsa.[10] Sauran marubutan da aka daure a Periprava sune Mihai Rădulescu da Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu. [11] Dan wasan kwaikwayo Mitică Popescu ya shafe watanni 3 a kan aikin tilas a Periprava . [12]
Yawancin fursunonin matasa ne, bayan an kama su bayan murkushe Juyin Juya Halin Hungary na 1956 da kuma zanga-zangar dalibai da suka biyo baya a Bucharest (an riga an hallaka tsofaffin 'yan siyasa a lokacin a Sighet, Aiud, da sauran kurkuku). A cewar Pavlovici, da yawa daga cikin wadanda aka tsare su manoma ne wadanda suka yi tsayayya da hadin gwiwar aikin gona da hukumomin kwaminisanci suka sanya a cikin shekarun 1950. Daga cikinsu akwai mutane 30-40 daga Răstoaca wadanda suka kai hari kan wani kwamitin Mambobin jam'iyyar (wanda ya hada da Nicolae Ceaușescu) wadanda suka zo don shawo kan mazauna yankin su shiga cikin kokarin hada kai.[10]
Kwamandan sansanin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ioan Ficior ya kasance kwamandan sansanin daga 1958 zuwa 1963.[1] A watan Satumbar 2013, an gurfanar da shi da kisan kare dangi a gaban Babban Kotun Cassation da Adalci a Bucharest . [13] An yanke Ficior hukunci a watan Maris na shekara ta 2017 saboda laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 20 a kurkuku saboda mutuwar fursunonin siyasa 103 a Periprava; [1] ya mutu a Kurkukun Jilava a watan Satumbar 2018, yana da shekaru 90.[14]
Sakamakon haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2018, ƙungiyoyin masana tarihi da masu binciken tarihi suna neman ragowar fursunoni daga tsohon sansanin aiki na Periprava waɗanda aka kashe ko suka mutu saboda rashin kulawa.[15] Masu bincike sun sami kwarangwal na tsoffin fursunoni waɗanda suka bayyana an zubar da su tsirara a cikin kaburbura marasa alama; gwamnatin sansanin ta riƙe tufafinsu.[1][16] Ya zuwa 2019, an gano gawarwakin mutane 40 a Periprava; shirye-shiryen suna kira ga Gwajin DNA da kuma gano wadanda abin ya shafa.[17] A cewar Marius Oprea, an gano kaburbura 51 marasa alama na fursunoni da suka mutu a sansanin aiki na Periprava har zuwa Yuni 2020.[18] Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2020, an gano ragowar fursunonin siyasa 54 a Periprava; a watan Agustan 2022, adadin ya karu zuwa 71. [9][19]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Ion Ficior, 90, Convicted in Romania Labor Camp Crimes, Is Dead". September 26, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mutler, Alison (September 18, 2013). "Romania: Camp commander accused of 103 deaths". Retrieved February 6, 2021.
- ↑ "Recensământul populației concentraționare din România în anii 1945–1989 (date preliminare)" [Census of the concentration camp population in Romania in the years 1945–1989 (preliminary data)] (in Romaniyanci). 31 May 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Țălnaru, Dan Mihai. "Lagărul morții de la Periprava. Mărturii inedite din ancheta torționarului Ficior" [The death camp at Periprava. New testimonies from the investigation of the torturer Ficior] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ↑ Cherneva, Toni; Rotariu, Oana. "Reflections on a dark past. Part I – History & concept" (PDF). www.breiling.org. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
- ↑ Țălnaru, Dan Mihai. "Lagărul morții de la Periprava. Mărturii inedite din ancheta torționarului Ficior" [The death camp at Periprava. New testimonies from the investigation of the torturer Ficior] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ↑ Mayr, Walter (January 14, 2010). "Building a Resort Among the Ruins of a Gulag". Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ↑ "Ion Ficior dies at 90; Romanian labor camp commander was convicted of crimes against humanity". September 26, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Fodor, Simona (September 15, 2020). "Eastern RO: Remains of political detainees uncovered at former labor camp in Periprava". www.romania-insider.com. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ghica, Sorin. "Mărturii din infernul de la Periprava" [Testimony from the Hell of Periprava] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved May 22, 2021.
- ↑ Holbea, Gheorghe (January 22, 2010). "Marele crez al omului Mihai Rădulescu" (in Romanian). Retrieved April 16, 2020.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Cristescu, Andrei-George (January 3, 2023). "Actorul Mitică Popescu a făcut închisoare politică la Periprava și a fost urmărit de Securitate" [The actor Mitică Popescu was a political prisoner at Periprava and was pursued by the Securitate] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved March 6, 2023.
- ↑ "IICCMER cere Parchetului începerea urmăririi penale împotriva fostului comandant al lagărului de la Periprava pentru genocid" [IICCMER calls on the Prosecutor's Office to start a criminal investigation against the former commander of the Periprava camp for genocide] (in Romaniyanci). 2013-09-18. Archived from the original on 2015-05-28.
- ↑ Mutler, Alison (August 8, 2020). "Buried In A Casino Wall, A Dark Secret From Romania's Communist Past". www.rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ↑ "Historians dig for justice for labour camp prisoners in Romania". August 5, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ↑ Iancu, Mariana (September 9, 2017). "Poveștile cumplite din abatorul terorii Peninsula. Lăgărul comunist de muncă unde moartea era o binecuvântare" [Horrific stories from the Peninsula slaughterhouse of terror. The communist labor camp where death was a blessing] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved August 11, 2021.
- ↑ Ionescu, Sînziana (February 18, 2019). "Apel pentru identificarea deținuților politici morţi la Periprava și la Tîrgu Ocna. Sunt necesare probe ADN de la rude, pe cheltuiala statului" [Call for the identification of dead political prisoners in Periprava and Tîrgu Ocna. DNA testing from relatives is required at the expense of the state] (in Romaniyanci). Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ↑ Oprea, Marius (June 6, 2020). "Istorie fără perdea. Din 674.875 de oameni intrați pe mîna Securității, un sfert au murit în lagăre, închisori și deportare. De Sîmbăta Morților, să-i pomenim!" [History without a curtain. Of the 674,875 de people taken in by the Securitate, a quarter died in labor camps, prisons, and deportations. Let's remember them on the Saturday of Souls!] (in Romaniyanci). Mediafax. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ↑ Oprea, Marius (August 2, 2022). "La Periprava, într-un "lagăr al suferințelor fără număr și al morții"" [At Periprava, in a "camp of countless suffering and death"] (in Romaniyanci). Mediafax. Retrieved September 12, 2022.