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Saola

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Saola
Conservation status

CR (mul) Fassara  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
ClassMammalia (mul) Mammalia
OrderArtiodactyla (mul) Artiodactyla
DangiBovidae (mul) Bovidae
GenusPseudoryx (mul) Pseudoryx
jinsi Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
,
Geographic distribution

Saola ( Pseudoryx nghetinhensis ), wanda kuma ake kira spindlehorn, unicorn na Asiya, ko kuma ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, Vu Quang bovid, dabba ce da ke zaune a dazuzzuka a yankin Annamite a Vietnam da Laos . An fara bayyana shi a shekarar 1993 bayan gano gawawwakin da aka samu a wurin shakatawa na kasa na Vũ Quang ta hanyar wani bincike na hadin gwiwa da Ma'aikatar Daji ta Vietnam da Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Duniya, [1] [2] Tun daga lokacin an tsare Saolas a cikin bauta sau da yawa, kodayake na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne kawai saboda sun mutu cikin 'yan makonni zuwa watanni. [3]

Saola tana zaune ne a yankunan da ke da dazuzzukan dazuzzuka masu tsayi da kuma dazuzzuka masu dausayi, kuma wataƙila koyaushe tana da ƙarancin yawan jama'a. An ɗauki hoton farko na wani gidan saola mai rai a shekarar 1993. An ɗauki hoton na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2013 ta hanyar kyamarar da ke motsawa a cikin dajin tsakiyar Vietnam, [4] wanda ke wakiltar sabon rikodin gidan saola. [5] An lissafa gidan saola a matsayin wanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali ta hanyar IUCN, yana fuskantar barazanar tarko da aka yi niyya don kama wasu dabbobi a cikin dajin da kuma lalata muhalli, tare da kimanin adadin mutane 50-300 kamar yadda na 2015. Akwai damuwa cewa nau'in na iya riga ya ɓace, [6] kuma ko da mutane suna raye, an bayyana halaka a matsayin "ba makawa" cikin shekaru 10 daga 2025 ba tare da an sa baki ba. [5]

Saola ita ce kawai nau'in halittar da ke cikin halittar Pseudoryx kuma memba na farko mai bambancin ra'ayi na kabilar Bovini, inda ta sanya barewa da shanu a matsayin danginta na kusa.

Tarihin bincike da tsarin haraji

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan da suka rage a Saola, Gidan Tarihin Zoological na Copenhagen

A watan Mayun 1992, Ma'aikatar Kula da Daji, Vietnam ta aika da tawagar bincike don bincika bambancin halittu na sabuwar wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Vu Quang . A cikin wannan tawagar akwai Do Tuoc, Le Van Cham da Vu Van Dung (na Cibiyar Kayayyakin Daji da Tsare-tsare); Nguyen Van Sang (na Cibiyar Albarkatun Halittu da Halittu); Nguyen Thai Tu (na Jami'ar Vinh ); da John MacKinnon (na Asusun Namun Daji na Duniya ). A ranar 21 ga Mayu, ƙungiyar ta sami kwanyar da ke ɗauke da ƙaho biyu masu ban mamaki, dogaye da kuma masu kaifi daga wani mafarauci na gida. Sun ci karo da wani ma'aurata iri ɗaya a cikin yankin Annamite a yankin arewa maso gabashin wurin ajiyar washegari. Ƙungiyar ta danganta waɗannan siffofi ga wani sabon nau'in dabba, suna kiransa "saola" ko "Vu Quang bijimin" don guje wa ruɗani da serow mai tausayi . WWF ta sanar da gano sabon nau'in a hukumance a ranar 17 ga Yulin 1992.

A cewar kwararre kan bambancin halittu Tony Whitten, duk da cewa Vietnam tana da nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri, wadanda aka bayyana da yawa daga cikinsu kwanan nan, gano babbar dabba kamar saola abu ne da ba a zata ba. Saola ita ce babbar dabba ta farko da aka gano a yankin tsawon shekaru 50. An lura da cewa saola mai rai ba ta da yawa, kuma tana da nisa sosai, ta takaita ga yankin Annamite .

Sunan kimiyya na saola shine Pseudoryx nghetinhensis . Ita ce kaɗai mamba a cikin halittar Pseudoryx kuma an rarraba ta a ƙarƙashin dangin Bovidae . An fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1993 ta Vu Van Dung, Do Tuoc, masana ilmin halittu Pham Mong Giao da Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Peter Arctander na Jami'ar Copenhagen da John MacKinnon. [1] Gano saola ya kasance a cikin 1992 ya haifar da babban sha'awar kimiyya saboda halayen jiki na musamman na dabbar. Saola ya bambanta sosai da duk sauran nau'ikan halittu na bovid a cikin bayyanar da yanayin halittarsa, wanda ya isa ya sanya shi cikin nau'in halittarsa ( Pseudoryx ).

Tunda halayensa na zahiri suna da sarkakiya a rarraba su, an rarraba Pseudoryx a matsayin memba na ƙaramin iyali Caprinae kuma yana cikin kowace ƙabila uku na ƙaramin iyali Bovinae : Boselaphini, Bovini da Tragelaphini . Binciken DNA ya sa masana kimiyya suka sanya saola a matsayin memba na ƙabilar Bovini, ƙungiyar da ta haɗa da barewa, shanu, bison da yaks, da sauransu. [7] Binciken kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan ya sanya shi a matsayin memba mafi tsufa kuma na farko da ya bambanta a cikin ƙabilar Bovini. [8] [9]

Ana hasashen cewa saola ta bambanta da kakannin sauran membobin Bovini tsakanin shekaru miliyan 10.8 da 16.2 da suka gabata, a lokacin Miocene na Tsakiya . Wani bincike na 2021 ya nuna cewa tana da alaƙa da kwayar halittar Miotragocerus da ta ɓace, wadda aka sani daga marigayi Miocene na Eurasia. [9]

Wani bincike kan kwayoyin halitta na samfuran tarihi na saola da aka buga a shekarar 2025 ya nuna cewa saola ta rabu gida biyu aƙalla shekaru 20,000 da suka gabata, amma ba ta wuce shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata ba, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya zama al'ummar arewa a yankin Vũ Quang National Park, Pù Mát National Park, duka a Vietnam, da kuma Nakai-Nam-Theun National Park da ke Laos, ɗayan kuma ya zama al'ummar kudu a yankin Huế, Đông Giang da Tây Giang, duk a Vietnam. Rabuwar na iya faruwa ne sakamakon sauyin yanayi a ƙarshen zamanin kankara da canje-canjen da ke tattare da shi a yanayin ƙasa da ciyayi. Wannan kuma yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon fara zaman lafiya a yankin. Wannan rabuwar ta kasance tare da raguwar yawan jama'a, tare da an yi hasashen cewa yawan jama'a da ya yi tasiri bai wuce mutane 5,000 ba a cikin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. A cikin kwayar halittar da ke cikin layukan juyin halitta, akwai yankuna da ba su da bambancin ra'ayi, amma waɗannan suna yaɗuwa daban-daban kuma saboda haka ba sa raba su da al'ummomin biyu. [6]

Asalin Ma'anar

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An fassara sunan 'saola' a matsayin " spindle [-horned]", kodayake ainihin ma'anar ita ce "ƙaho mai juyawa". Sunan ya fito ne daga harshen Tai na Vietnam. Ma'anar iri ɗaya ce a yaren Lao ( ເສົາຫລາ, kuma an rubuta ເສົາຫຼາ /sǎo-lǎː/ a Lao). Sunan da aka yi amfani da shi a Lao yana nufin lardunan Vietnam guda biyu na Nghệ An da Hà Tĩnh, yayin da Pseudoryx ya yarda da kamanceceniyar dabbar da oryx na Larabawa ko na Afirka. Mutanen Hmong a Laos suna kiran dabbar da saht-supahp, kalma da aka samo daga Lao ( ສັດສຸພາບ /sàt supʰáːp/) ma'ana "dabba mai ladabi", domin tana tafiya a hankali cikin dajin. Sauran sunayen da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin saola ke amfani da su sune lagiang ( Van Kieu ), ngao ( Ta Oi ) da xoong xor ( Katu ) A cikin manema labarai, ana kiran saolas da "unicorn na Asiya", wani suna da aka sani saboda ƙarancinsa da kuma yanayinsa mai laushi, kuma wataƙila saboda an haɗa saola da oryx da unicorn . Babu wata alaƙa da aka sani da tatsuniyar unicorn ta Yamma ko "unicorn na China", qilin . [ ana buƙatar tabbatarwa ]

Bayani

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Ƙaho a Gidan Tarihin Dabbobin Jami'ar Copenhagen

A cikin wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 1998, William G. Robichaud, mai kula da Saola Working Group, ya rubuta ma'aunin jiki na wata yarinya 'yar saola da aka kama, wanda ya yi wa lakabi da 'Martha', a cikin wani gidan cin abinci na Laotian. [ 16 ] An lura da ita na tsawon kwanaki 15 har sai da ta mutu sakamakon wani abu da ba a sani ba. Robichaud ya lura da tsayin matar a matsayin 84 cm (33 in) a kafada; bayan ya ɗan ɗaga, kusan 12 cm (4.7 in) ya fi tsayin kafada. An rubuta tsawon kai da jiki a matsayin 150 cm (59 in) . [10] Halayen gabaɗaya na saola, kamar yadda bincike ya nuna a lokacin 1993-5 da kuma binciken 1998, sun haɗa da farin cakulan mai launin ruwan kasa a fuska, makogwaro da gefen wuya, launin ruwan kasa mai haske a wuya da ciki, launin baƙi na baya, da kuma ƙaho biyu masu kama da juna, waɗanda ke kan jinsi biyu. [1] [10] [11]

Robichaud ya lura cewa gashin, madaidaiciya kuma 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) dogo, yana da laushi da siriri - wani abu da ba a saba gani ba ga dabbar da ke da alaƙa da mazaunin tsaunuka a aƙalla wasu sassan yankinta. Duk da cewa an gano cewa gashin ya yi gajere a kai da wuya, ya yi kauri zuwa gashin ulu a cikin ƙafafuwan gaba da ciki. Nazarin da aka yi kafin 1998 ya ba da rahoton ɗan ja a cikin fatar da aka duba. Wuya da ciki suna da launin ruwan kasa mai haske idan aka kwatanta da sauran jikin. Abin da aka lura a duk binciken uku da aka ambata a sama shine 0.5 cm (0.20 in) kauri mai kauri wanda ya miƙe daga kafadu zuwa wutsiya a tsakiyar baya. Wutsiya, wacce ta kai 23 cm (9.1 in) a cikin samfurin Robichaud, an raba shi zuwa madauri uku a kwance, launin ruwan kasa a tushe, baƙi a ƙarshen da fari a tsakiya. [1] [10] [11] Fatar Saola tana da 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) yana da kauri a kan mafi yawan jiki, amma yana da kauri zuwa 5 mm (0.20 in) kusa da kusurwar wuya da kuma a saman kafadu. Ana tsammanin wannan daidaitawar tana kare daga masu farauta da ƙahonin abokan hamayya yayin faɗa. [12] Saolas suna da nauyi tsakanin kimanin 80-100 kg (176–220) lbs). [13]

Saola tana da ƙusoshi masu zagaye masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu waɗanda ke kama da lemu idan aka haskaka su; tarin gashin baki masu launin fari kusan 2 cm (0.79 in) tsayi tare da aikin taɓawa da ake tsammanin yana fitowa daga ƙarshen haɓa. Samfurin da Robichaud ya lura zai iya faɗaɗa harshensa har zuwa 16 cm (6.3 in) kuma ya isa idanunsa da sassan fuskarsa ta sama; saman harshen an rufe shi da ƙananan sanduna masu nuni da baya. Robichaud ya lura cewa ɗayan gland biyu na maxillary ( sinus ) yana da rami mai kusan murabba'i mai girman 9×3.5×1.5 cm (3.54×1.38×0.59 in), wanda aka rufe da 0.8 cm (0.31 in) kauri mai kauri. Ƙwayoyin maxillary na saola wataƙila su ne mafi girma a tsakanin sauran dabbobi. Ƙwayoyin suna rufe da wani kauri, mai kauri, kore mai launin toka, mai ɗan ƙarfi a ƙasa wanda ke da gashin da ba su da faɗi. Robichaud ya lura da ramuka da yawa, waɗanda ake amfani da su don fitar da ruwa, a saman murfin. Kowane farin tabo na fuska yana ɓoye ƙusoshi ɗaya ko fiye waɗanda suka samo asali daga 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) dogayen gashi fari ko baƙi. Waɗannan abubuwan da ke fita daga jiki galibi ana shafa su a ƙasan ciyayi, suna barin wani manna mai laushi da kauri. Ɓangaren ƙafafuwan gaba ya kai 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) tsayi da 5.3–6.4 cm (2.1–2.5 in) a ciki, da kuma 6 cm (2.4 in) tsayi da 5.7–6 cm (2.2–2.4 in) ga ƙafafuwan baya. [10]

Dukansu jinsi suna da ƙahoni daban-daban waɗanda suke kama da juna a kamanninsu kuma suna kama da kusurwa ɗaya da kwanyar, amma sun bambanta a tsawonsu. Ƙahoni suna kama da ginshiƙan katako masu layi ɗaya waɗanda ake amfani da su a gida don tallafawa ƙafafun juyawa (don haka sunan da aka saba da shi "spindlehorn"). [2] Waɗannan gabaɗaya launin ruwan kasa ne ko baƙi kuma kimanin 35-50 tsawon cm; ninki biyu na tsawon kansu. [10] Nazarin da aka yi a 1993 da 1995 ya ba da matsakaicin tazara tsakanin ƙarshen ƙaho na samfuran daji a matsayin 20 cm (7.9 in), [1] [11] amma matar da Robichaud ya lura ta nuna bambancin ra'ayi na 25 cm (9.8 in) tsakanin ƙarshen. Robichaud ya lura cewa ƙahonin sun kasance 7.5 cm (3.0 in) a gefe a ginshiki. Yayin da aka yi bincike kafin iƙirarin Robichaud cewa ƙahonin suna da zagaye iri ɗaya a ginshiki, Robichaud ya lura cewa samfurin nasa yana da ƙahoni masu kusan siffar oval. Gefen ginshikin ƙahonin suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da lanƙwasa. [10]

Rarrabawa da wurin zama

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Saola tana da ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tana zaune a dazuzzukan da ke da danshi ko kuma waɗanda ba sa yin fure a gabashin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, tana fifita kwaruruka na koguna. An ruwaito cewa an ga tsuntsayen daga kwaruruka masu tsayi a 300–1,800 m (980–5,910 ft) sama da matakin teku. A Vietnam da Laos, nau'in halittar ya kai kimanin 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi) , gami da wuraren ajiyar yanayi guda huɗu. A lokacin hunturu, yana ƙaura zuwa ƙananan wurare. [14] A cikin tsaunukan Annamite na arewacin, an ganshi galibi kusa da koguna a tsayin 592–1,112 m (1,942–3,648 ft) . [15]

Ilimin Halittu da Halayya

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Mutanen yankin sun ba da rahoton cewa saola tana aiki da rana da kuma da daddare, amma ta fi son hutawa a lokacin zafi na rana. Robichaud ya lura cewa matar da aka kama tana aiki galibi da rana, amma ya nuna cewa abin da aka lura da shi na iya faruwa ne sakamakon yanayin da dabbar ta samu kanta a ciki. Lokacin da ta huta, za ta jawo ƙafafunta zuwa ciki, ta miƙa wuyanta har haɓarta ta taɓa ƙasa, sannan ta rufe idanunta. [10] Duk da cewa a bayyane yake cewa saola kaɗai ce, an ruwaito ta a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu ko uku [1] da kuma har zuwa shida ko bakwai. Tsarin rukuni na saola yana kama da na Cape bushbuck, anoa da sitatunga . [11]

Robichaud ta lura cewa matar da aka kama tana da nutsuwa a gaban mutane, amma tana tsoron karnuka. A lokacin da ta haɗu da kare, za ta yi ƙoƙarin yin murmushi ta tura kanta gaba, tana nuna ƙahonta ga abokin hamayyarta. Kunnuwanta a tsaye suna nuna baya, kuma tana tsaye da ƙarfi tare da bayanta a kife. A halin yanzu, ba ta kula da abin da ke kewaye da ita ba. An gano cewa wannan matar tana yin fitsari da yin bayan gida daban-daban, tana sauke ƙafafuwan baya da kuma sauke ƙasan jikinta - abin da aka saba gani a tsakanin dabbobi. Tana ɓatar da lokaci mai tsawo tana gyara kanta da harshenta mai ƙarfi. Halin nuna alama a cikin mace ya haɗa da buɗe gefen glandar mafitsara da barin wani abu mai ƙarfi a kan duwatsu da ciyayi. Tana fitar da gajerun hawaye lokaci-lokaci. [10]

Abinci mai gina jiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wata mace mai suna Saola da aka kama ta ci spleenwort ( Asplenium ), Homalomena da nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu faɗi ko bishiyoyi na dangin Sterculiaceae . Ta ciyar da dukkan tsirrai kuma ta nuna fifiko ga nau'in Sterculiaceae. Tana taunawa ko jawo ganye a bakinta ta amfani da dogon harshenta. Tana ciyarwa galibi da rana. [10] Ana kuma san Saola tana cin Schismatoglottis, ba kamar sauran masu cin ganyayyaki a cikinta ba. [ 24 ]

Kwaikwayo

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a samu bayanai sosai game da zagayowar haihuwa ta saola ba. Ana iya cewa saola za ta sami lokacin saduwa, daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar watan Nuwamba; haihuwar maraƙi ɗaya kawai aka rubuta, galibi a lokacin bazara tsakanin tsakiyar watan Afrilu da ƙarshen watan Yuni. [10] [12] Idan babu takamaiman bayanai, an kiyasta lokacin ɗaukar ciki yayi kama da na nau'in Tragelaphus, kimanin makonni 33. [10] Rahotanni uku na kisan saola daga ƙauyen da ke kusa sun shafi ƙananan uwaye mata masu rakiya. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da 9.5 cm (3.7 in) dogayen ƙaho, wani kuma an kiyasta cewa akwai 15 cm (5.9 in), da kuma na uku 18.8 cm (7.4 in) ; waɗannan tsayin ƙaho daban-daban suna nuna lokacin haihuwa wanda ya wuce akalla watanni biyu zuwa uku. [11]

Kare Muhalli

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A halin yanzu ana ɗaukar Saola a matsayin wurin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali . Bukatunta na ƙuntatawa na muhalli da kuma ƙin kusanci da ɗan adam na iya haifar da haɗari ga muhalli ta hanyar asarar muhalli da kuma wargajewar muhalli . Saola tana fuskantar asara ta hanyar farautar gida da kuma cinikin fur, magungunan gargajiya, da kuma amfani da nama a gidajen abinci da kasuwannin abinci. Haka kuma wani lokacin suna kamawa a cikin tarko da aka sanya don kama dabbobi suna kai hari ga amfanin gona, kamar alade na daji, sambar, da muntjac . An cire tarko sama da 26,651 daga wuraren da ke cikin Saola ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa.

Babban abin da yankin da saola ke zaune a ciki shi ne nisanta daga tarzomar ɗan adam. [16] Ana harbin Saola saboda namansu, amma mafarauta kuma suna samun girmamawa sosai a ƙauyen saboda samar da gawa. Saboda ƙarancin, mazauna yankin suna ba da daraja ga saola fiye da nau'ikan da aka fi sani. Saboda mutanen wannan yanki mafarauta ne na gargajiya, ra'ayinsu game da kashe saola yana da wuya a canza; wannan yana sa kiyayewa ya zama da wahala. Babban sha'awar da al'ummar kimiyya ke nunawa ya motsa mafarauta su kama samfuran da ke rayuwa. An dakatar da sare bishiyoyin kasuwanci a yankin ajiyar namun daji na Bu Huong, kuma an haramta share dazuzzuka a hukumance a cikin iyakokin wurin ajiyar namun daji. [16]

Sau da yawa ana samun wahalar nazarin nau'ikan kiyayewa; sau da yawa akwai jinkiri wajen aiwatarwa ko gano buƙatun kiyayewa da suka wajaba saboda rashin bayanai. [17] Saboda nau'in yana da wuya, akwai rashin isassun bayanai akai-akai; wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke fuskantar kiyayewar saola. Masana kimiyya da aka horar ba su taɓa lura da saola a cikin daji ba. Abin takaici, saboda da wuya a sami yawan saola a cikin daji, binciken da aka yi a fili don gano waɗannan al'ummomin ba shine fifikon kiyayewa ba. [17]

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Shanu na Daji ta Asiya ta Hukumar Raya Nau'in IUCN ce ta kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Saola, a shekara ta 2006 [18] don kare dabbobin daji da mazauninsu . Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya ƙunshi ƙwararru kusan 40 daga sassan gandun daji na Laos da Vietnam, Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Albarkatun Halittu ta Vietnam, Jami'ar Vinh, masana ilmin halittu da masu kiyaye muhalli daga Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun Daji, da Asusun Kula da Namun Daji na Duniya. [19]

Wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyya daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Vietnam da ke tsakiyar Hanoi, a cikin Cibiyar Fasahar Halittu, ta yi bincike kan wani ƙoƙari na ƙarshe na kiyaye nau'in ta hanyar yin kwafi, wata hanya mai matuƙar wahala koda kuwa a yanayin nau'ikan da aka fahimta sosai. [2] Duk da haka, rashin mata masu bayar da saola na ƙwayoyin halitta masu narkewa da mata masu karɓa, da kuma shingayen da ke tsakanin sassan jiki, suna yin illa sosai ga nasarar fasahar kwafi. [20]

Masu bincike sun yi aiki a cikin ƙauyuka da ke kewaye da Yankin Kare Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana na Phou Sithon (PST) inda aka ga saola. Dangane da hirarrakin da aka yi da mutanen ƙauyen, sun bayyana cewa masu farautar namun daji suna shiga yankunan da aka hana, suna farautar namun daji na ƙarshe ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Sun jaddada buƙatar a ƙara aiwatar da ƙa'idojin ɗan adam don kiyaye dorewar namun daji. [21]

A shekarar 2017, ƙungiyar Saola Working Group tare da Cibiyar Leibniz ta Binciken Namun Daji da Namun Daji a cikin wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa ga Kimiyya sun yi kira da a kafa shirin kiwon dabbobi. [22] [23]

Tun daga shekarar 2025, rikodin kamannin kyamara na shekarar 2013 shine mafi ƙarancin gani na nau'in, kodayake wani bincike na ƙididdiga na shekarar 2021 ya nuna cewa akwai ƙarancin adadin mutane da ke warwatse a raye. Masanin kare muhalli Rob Timmins ya bayyana cewa a shekarar 2025: "Ina tsammanin mutane kaɗan ne za su yarda cewa ba za a iya kawar da [Saola] a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa ba (sai dai idan an yi nasarar shiga tsakani)". A wannan shekarar, an gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a Laos don ƙoƙarin nemo duk wani mutum da ya tsira daga Saola. [5]

Al'adu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mascot ɗin Wasannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya na 2021 shine Sao La . Wannan ƙirar da Ngô Xuân Khôi ya yi ta kayar da sauran gabatarwar mascot guda 557 wanda ya zama zakaran gasar neman 2019. [24]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dung, V. V.; Giao, P. M.; Chinh, N. N.; Tuoc, D.; Arctander, P. & MacKinnon, J. (1993). "A new species of living bovid from Vietnam". Nature. 363 (6428): 443–445. Bibcode:1993Natur.363..443V. doi:10.1038/363443a0. S2CID 4243603. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "dung" defined multiple times with different content.
  2. 1 2 3 Stone, R. (2006). "The Saola's Last Stand". Science. 314 (5804): 1380–1383. doi:10.1126/science.314.5804.1380. PMID 17138879. S2CID 130425782. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "stone2006" defined multiple times with different content.
  3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  4. ↑ "Saola Rediscovered: Rare Photos of Elusive Species from Vietnam". World Wildlife Fund. World Wildlife Federation. 2013. Archived from the original on 2016-12-15.
  5. 1 2 3 Esterman, Isabel (2025-09-30). "To track a unicorn: Laos team goes all out to find the last saolas". Mongabay (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-02-14. There have been multiple efforts to locate saolas in their range in the Annamite Mountains, which straddle Laos, Vietnam and northeast Cambodia — although saolas have never been recorded in the latter country. The last confirmed sighting in the wild was a 2013 camera-trap image from Central Vietnam. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content.
  6. 1 2 Garcia-Erill, G.; Liu, S.; Le, M. D.; Hurley, M. M.; Nguyen, H. D.; Nguyen, D. Q.; Nguyen, D. H.; Santander, C. G.; Barreiro, F. S.; Martins, N. F. G.; Hanghøj, K.; Salleh, F. M.; Ramos-Madrigal, J.; Wang, X.; Sinding, M.-H. S. (2025). "Genomes of critically endangered saola are shaped by population structure and purging". Cell. 188 (12): 3102–3116. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.040. PMC 12173715 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40328258 Check |pmid= value (help). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Garcia-Erill-2025" defined multiple times with different content.
  7. ↑ Hassanin, A.; Douzery, E. J. P. (1999). "Evolutionary affinities of the enigmatic saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) in the context of the molecular phylogeny of Bovidae". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 266 (1422): 893–900. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0720. PMC 1689916. PMID 10380679.
  8. ↑ Yang, Chengzhong; Xiang, Changkui; Qi, Wenhua; Xia, Shan; Tu, Feiyun; Zhang, Xiuyue; Moermond, Timothy; Yue, Bisong (2013-06-01). "Phylogenetic analyses and improved resolution of the family Bovidae based on complete mitochondrial genomes". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology (in Turanci). 48: 136–143. Bibcode:2013BioSE..48..136Y. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2012.12.005. ISSN 0305-1978. Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
  9. 1 2 Calamari, Zachary T. (June 2021). "Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Supports New Morphological Synapomorphies for Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)". American Museum Novitates (3970): 1–38. doi:10.1206/3970.1. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 235441087 Check |s2cid= value (help). Archived from the original on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2022-02-08. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Calamari-2021" defined multiple times with different content.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Robichaud, W.G. (1998). "Physical and behavioral description of a captive saola, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis". Journal of Mammalogy. 79 (2): 394–405. doi:10.2307/1382970. JSTOR 1382970. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "jstor" defined multiple times with different content.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Schaller, G.B.; Rabinowitz, A. (1995). "The saola or spindlehorn bovid Pseudoryx nghetinhensis in Laos". Oryx. 29 (2): 107–114. doi:10.1017/S0030605300020974. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Schaller" defined multiple times with different content.
  12. 1 2 Huffman, B. "Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) - Detailed information". Ultimate Ungulate. Retrieved 18 April 2013. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Huffman" defined multiple times with different content.
  13. ↑ "Saola | Species | WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  14. ↑ Burgess, Neil (1997). "The Saola (Pseudoryx Nghetinhensis) in Vietnam - New Information on Distribution and Habitat Preferences, and Conservation Needs". GreenFile.
  15. ↑ Phommachanh, C.; Ngoprasert, D.; Steinmetz, R.; Savini, T.; Gale, George A. (2017). "Habitat use of the Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis (Mammalia; Bovidae) based on local sightings in the northern Annamite Mountains of Lao PDR". Tropical Conservation Science. 10: 194008291771301. doi:10.1177/1940082917713014.
  16. 1 2 Kemp, Neville; Dilger, Michael; Burgess, Neil; Dung, Chu Van (2003). "The saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) in Vietnam - new information on distribution and habitat preferences, and conservation needs". Oryx. 31 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-86.x.
  17. 1 2 Turvey, Samuel T.; Trung, Cao Tien; Quyet, Vo Dai; Nhu, Hoang Van; Thoai, Do Van; Tuan, Vo Cong Anh; Hoa, Dang Thi; Kacha, Kouvang; Sysomphone, Thongsay (2015-04-01). "Interview-based sighting histories can inform regional conservation prioritization for highly threatened cryptic species". Journal of Applied Ecology. 52 (2): 422–433. Bibcode:2015JApEc..52..422T. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12382. ISSN 1365-2664. PMC 4407913. PMID 25926709.
  18. ↑ "Priorities for Success: 2nd Meeting of the Saola Working Group wraps up in Vietnam". IUCN. 2011-05-31.
  19. ↑ "Experts on the saola: The "Last chance" to save one of the world's rarest mammals". Scientific American.
  20. ↑ Rojas, Mariana; Venegas, Felipe; Montiel, Enrique; Servely, Jean Luc; Vignon, Xavier; Guillomot, Michel (2005). "Attempts at Applying Cloning to the Conservation of Species in Danger of Extinction". International Journal of Morphology. 23 (4): 329–336. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022005000400008. ISSN 0717-9502.
  21. ↑ Phommachanh, Chanthasone; Ngoprasert, Dusit; Steinmetz, Robert; Savini, Tommaso; Gale, George A. (2017). "Habitat Use of the Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis (Mammalia; Bovidae) Based on Local Sightings in the Northern Annamite Mountains of Lao PDR". Tropical Conservation Science. 10. doi:10.1177/1940082917713014.
  22. ↑ "Science Magazine - September 22, 2017 - 44". www.sciencemagazinedigital.org. Retrieved 2025-05-08.
  23. ↑ "Etablierung eines Zuchtprogramms zum Schutz der letzten Saolas" [Establishment of a breeding program to protect the last saolas]. Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (in Jamusanci). 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2025-05-08.
  24. ↑ "Công bố và trao giải cuộc thi sáng tác biểu trưng, biểu tượng vui SEA Games 31 và ASEAN Para Games 11 năm 2021, tại Việt Nam". Vietnam Sports Administration (in Harshen Biyetinam). Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
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