Sarah baartman
 Sarah baartman | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Kogin Gamtoos, 1789 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Ƙabila | Khoekhoe |
| Mutuwa | Faris, 29 Disamba 1815 |
| Makwanci |
Hankey (en)  |
| Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (agana) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | dan nishadi |
Sarah Baartman (Afrikaans: [ˈsɑːra ˈbɑːrtman]; c. 1789 - 29 Disamba 1815), kuma ta rubuta Sara, wani lokaci a cikin sifar Saartje (lafazin Afirka: [ˈsɑːrki]), ko Saartjie, da Bartman, Bartman, Kfreakhon, wanda aka nuna mace ce. jan hankali a Turai na ƙarni na 19 a ƙarƙashin sunan Hottentot Venus, sunan da daga baya aka danganta ga aƙalla wata mace da aka baje kolin. An baje kolin matan saboda nau'in jikinsu na steatopygic wanda ba a saba gani ba a Yammacin Turai wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin abin sha'awa a wancan lokacin, kuma ya zama abin sha'awar kimiyya da kuma hasashen batsa.
La Belle Hottentote, bugu na Baartman na Faransa na ƙarni na 19
Ana amfani da "Venus" wani lokaci don zayyana wakilcin jikin mace a fannin fasaha da ilimin al'adu, yana nufin allahn Romawa na soyayya da haihuwa. "Hottentot"[1]
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwar farko a cikin Cape Colony
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Baartman ga dangin [Xhosa da Khoekhoe] a kusa da Camdeboo Dutch Cape Colony; mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a lokacin tana balaga. Ba a san sunan haihuwarta ba, [2] amma wasu suna tunanin Ssehura, [3] da ake zaton shine mafi kusa da sunanta. Saartjie ita ce siffar Saratu mai raguwa; a cikin Cape Dutch amfani da ɗan ƙaramin tsari wanda aka saba nuna saba, ƙauna ko raini. Sunanta kuma an rubuta sunan Bartman da Bartmann.[4] [5] 184 Ta kasance jaririya lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta rasu[6] kuma daga baya Bushmen ('yan Sanda) suka kashe mahaifinta yayin tukin shanu[6] ]
Baartman ta shafe yarinta da shekarunta a gonakin Turai na Dutch. Ta shiga cikin bukukuwan balaga, kuma ta ajiye wani ɗan ƙaramin abin wuya na kunkuru, mai yiwuwa na mahaifiyarta, har zuwa mutuwarta a Faransa. A cikin 1790s, baƙar fata mai kyauta (nadi ga mutanen zuriyar bayi) ɗan kasuwa mai suna Peter Cesars (wanda kuma aka rubuta shi azaman Kaisar[7]
Mutuwa da bayanta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baartman ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1815 a kusa da shekaru 26, [8] na wata cuta mai kumburi da ba a tantance ba [9] Cuvier ya gudanar da bincike amma ba a gano gawarwakin gawarwakin don bincikar dalilan mutuwar Baartman ba.[10]
Masanin ilimin halittar Faransa Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville ya buga bayanin kula akan rarraba a cikin 1816, wanda Georges Cuvier ya sake bugawa a cikin Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle a 1817. Ban da yarenta na asali, ta yi magana da harshen Holland sosai, da Ingilishi da za a iya wucewa, da kuma faransanci. Ya kwatanta kafadunta da bayanta a matsayin “masu alheri”, hannaye “siriri”, hannaye da ƙafafu a matsayin “mai fara’a” da kuma “kyakkyawa”. Ya kara da cewa ta kware wajen buga garaya Bayahude,[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Parkinson, Justin (7 January 2016). "The significance of Sarah Baartman". BBC News Magazine.
- ↑ Willis, Deborah. "Black Venus 2010: They called her 'Hottentot.'" Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010. Project Muse https://doc.lagout.org/Others/Temple.University.-.Black.Venus.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Qureshi, Sadiah (June 2004). "Displaying Sara Baartman, the 'Venus Hottentot'". History of Science. 42 (136): 233–257. doi:10.1177/007327530404200204. S2CID 53611448. The woman ... is now called Sara Baartman. Unfortunately, no record of her original name exists and she is better known by her epithet, the Hottentot Venus', to her contemporaries, present-day historians, and political activists.
- ↑ Frith, Susan. "Searching for Sara Baartman
- ↑ Crais, Clifton C.; Scully, Pamela (2009). Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A ghost story and a biography. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13580-9.
- ↑ In her testimony to the Court of King's Bench via a Dutch interpreter Baartman said: 'Her father was a drover of cattle, and in going up the country was killed by the Bushmen.' The Times (London, England), 29 November 1810, p. 3: Law Report. Court of King's Bench
- ↑ Upham, Mansell (13 August 2019). "From the Venus Sickness to the Hottentot Venus: Saartje Baartman & the 3 men in her life: Alexander Dunlop, Hendrik Caesar & Jean Riaux". Muatze. Retrieved 18 November 2021. This article was published originally (in 2 parts) in the Quarterly Bulletin of the National Library of South Africa (QB), vol. 61, no. 1 (January–March 2007), pp. 9-22 & vol. 61, no. 2 (April–June 2007), pp. 74-82.
- ↑ Frith, Susan. "Searching for Sara Baartman".
- ↑ "Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Institute of France"
- ↑ Crais, Clifton C.; Scully, Pamela (2009). Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A ghost story and a biography. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13580-9.
- ↑ uvier refers to her instrument as a "guimbarde", usually translated into English as "jew's harp": a contemporary illustration however shows Baartman with a Khoi instrument, the goura.