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Sare Bishiyoyin daji a Malaysia

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Sare Bishiyoyin daji a Malaysia
aspect in a geographic region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Fuskar Gandun daji
Ƙasa Maleziya
Wannan hoton ya nuna girman canjin rufe ƙasa a duk yankin.

An yi saran gandun daji a kasar Malaysia bisa ma'aunin masana'antu. Malesiya kasa ce megadimbin jama'a da ke da tarin gandun daji masu zafi. A kasar Malaya ta Biritaniya, an fara saran gandun daji ne a shekara ta 1880 kuma an yi amfani da shi ne ta hanyar fadada robar kasuwanci da noman dabino. Tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2010, Malaysia ta yi asarar kimanin kashi 8.6% na gandun daji, ko kuma kusa da hekta 1,920,000 (kadada 4,700,000). [1] Bangaren man dabino ne ya yi amfani da saren sare da filaye musamman. Manufofin Bankin Duniya a shekarun 1970 sun karfafa fadada dabino da shirin ceton IMF, bayan rikicin tattalin arziki na 1998, ya karfafa fadada noman dabino. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙoƙarin kiyayewa ya yi ƙoƙarin kare gandun daji na Malaysia tare da rage yawan sare bishiyoyi.

Tarihi

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Yin hanya a cikin gandun daji na Tegora, Sarawak, Borneo (1876) ta Marianne North.

Ƙoƙarin saran gandun daji na ’yan mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya ya ƙara haɓaka daga 1880, wanda ya haifar da robar kasuwanci da noman dabino da kuma saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwararren ɗan Ingilishi, Henry Ridley. [ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] Matsananciyar sare dazuzzuka ta kai ga Babban Ambaliyar ruwa a watan Disamba 1926. Har zuwa wani lokaci martani ga ambaliyan ya dakile tsananin saran gandun daji na masana'antu. Koyaya, a cikin shekarun 1920 sama da kadada miliyan 2.1 Masarautar ta lalata dazuzzuka a Malaya.[2]

Malaysia ta ayyana 'yancin kanta daga Burtaniya a shekara ta 1957, kuma ta kafa jiharta ta yanzu a shekara ta 1963.[3] Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya ga ci gaban tattalin arziki mai mahimmanci, babban bangare na iya danganta shi da masana'antar gandun daji.[4] Saurin ci gaban Malaysia ya sanya shi gaba da makwabtanta da yawa, kamar Indonesia da Papua New Guinea. Wannan ya kasance a wani bangare ga yalwar albarkatun kasa, wanda ya zama muhimmiyar bangare na tattalin arzikin kasar. Saboda wannan babbar riba ta kudi daga katako, samarwa ta kasance mai girma tun lokacin da aka fara, kuma ba har zuwa 1985 ba ne aka fara fahimtar sakamakon ba.[4]

Tattalin Arziki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shuke-shuke na dabino a Sarawak, Malaysia

Malaysia ta sami riba mai yawa daga masana'antar katako. Ɗaya daga cikin kididdigar ya bayyana cewa wannan fa'idar tana da darajar US $ 2,150,000,000. Tare da makwabciyar Indonesia, Malaysia tana samar da kashi 85% na samar da Man dabino a duniya, babban dalilin katako.[5] Bugu da ƙari, bangaren noma yana da kashi 14.5% na ma'aikata - fiye da 1 cikin mutane 7.[1] 56.6% na gandun daji na Malaysia ana amfani da su don samarwa, suna barin sauran don amfani kamar 'Kariya' da 'Conservation'.[1]

Tasirin

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Taswirar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci ta Malaysia na 2019.

Sakamakon ya bambanta a sassa daban-daban na Malaysia.[6] Koyaya, duk yankuna sun sha wahala daga lalacewar gandun daji. Hudu daga cikin shahararrun sun hada da:

  • Malaysia ta kasance a matsayin kasa ta 21 mafi yawan halittu a duniya, tare da nau'in halittu 2,199 . [7] 18% na waɗannan nau'o'in an lissafa su a matsayin 'masu barazanar', kuma saboda suna da iyaka, idan Malaysia ta kasa kiyaye su, halaka za ta haifar.
  • 'Yan asalin ƙasar Malaysia koyaushe sun dogara da gandun daji don magani, mafaka, abinci, da sauran abubuwan da ake bukata.[8] Ba a san su da ɗaukar fiye da abin da suke bukata ba saboda wannan za a ga shi a matsayin cin zarafin gandun daji kuma zai kawo la'ana ga mutanensu. Halakar albarkatun su na farko yana haifar da lalacewar hanyoyin rayuwarsu na gargajiya. Yayin da gandun daji ya ɓace, haka kuma al'adunsu.
  • Runoff ma ya karu. Kodayake ba za a yi zaton nan da nan cewa katako mai zurfi a cikin daji na iya shafar birni mai nisa a bakin tekun ba, saboda akwai ƙananan gandun daji don tsoma ruwan sama kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin tafkin da ke raguwa, ambaliyar ruwa ta kwatsam tana ƙara zama akai-akai.[9]
  • An bayar da rahoton karuwar yaduwar laka.

Kokarin kiyayewa

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A Malaysia, Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa ana sare bishiyoyi sau 4 na yawanci.[7] Ba dole ba ne ya zama al'ada mai lalacewa kamar yadda ake yi a Malaysia a halin yanzu. A cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata, Malesiya ta matsa don daidaita tattalin arzikinta, amma har yanzu yin amfani da itace yana jawo mutane da yawa saboda rashin tsari da riba mai yawa. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don magance mummunan tasirin katako zai zama ƙa'idodi masu tsauri wanda har yanzu yana ba da damar samar da dabino mai yawa, amma ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa. Ta wannan hanyar, ba wai kawai za a rage tasirin ba a yanzu, amma za a sami ƙarin gandun daji don shiga, don haka ribar da za a samu, a nan gaba.

Ya zuwa 2013, Malaysia har yanzu tana da babban adadin gandun daji. An kiyasta cewa kashi 59.9% na jimlar yankin ya rufe da gandun daji, [10] wanda, wani bangare mai girma gandun daji ne da ba a taɓa su ba (duba gandun daji masu tsiro) wanda ya samo asali ne daga kimanin shekaru miliyan 130.

Haɓaka matakin wayar da kan jama'ar Malaysia tare da imanin jama'a na gida da ke wanzuwa a cikin ƴan asalin ƙasar (duba mutanen Semai) ya ƙara ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin Malaysia da yawa a cikin muhalli. Ƙungiyar dabi'ar Malesiya tana aiki don ba da shawarar kare gandun daji. Sauran kungiyoyi irin su Tabung Alam Malaysia, reshe na Asusun Duniya na Duniya ya kuma kafa ofisoshi a Malaysia tun 1972 da aka sadaukar don kiyaye yanayi da kuma ilmantarwa kan mahimmancin kiyaye gandun daji ga sauran jama'a. Cibiyar Binciken daji ta Malesiya ta kuma ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan nau'ikan dazuzzukan Malaysia da kuma na kiyayewa.

Batutuwan yanzu

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'Yan adawar [wane?] a Pahang sun danganta tagulla ba bisa ka'ida ba ga barnar da ambaliyar ruwan Malaysia ta 2020-2021 ta haifar.[1] Gwamnatin jihar ta musanta wannan alaka, amma ta bayar da umarnin dakatar da duk wani sare da ake yi a lokacin damina. 

Deforestation in the following areas/ project sites have attracted controversy:[ana buƙatar hujja]

Dubi kuma

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Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. 1 2 3 "Malaysia Forest Information and Data". Rainforests.mongabay.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2004. Retrieved 19 May 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mongabay2000" defined multiple times with different content.
  2. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  3. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  4. 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  6. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  7. 1 2 "Malaysia Biodiversity Profiles". life.nthu.edu.tw. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "autogenerated1" defined multiple times with different content.
  8. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  9. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
  10. ↑ Hagan, James; Wells, Andrew (January 2005). "The British and rubber in Malaya, c1890-1940". Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive).
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