Sarki Amis

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Sarki amis

Sir Kingsley William Amis CBE (16 Afrilu 1922 - 22 Oktoba 1995) marubuci ne na Ingilishi, mawaƙi, mai suka kuma malami. Ya rubuta litattafai sama da 20, kundin wakoki guda shida, abin tunawa, gajerun labarai, rubutun rediyo da talabijin, da ayyukan sukar zamantakewa da adabi. An fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayo na satirical kamar Lucky Jim (1954), Bature ɗaya mai Fat (1963), Ƙarshe (1974), Abin Jake (1978) da The Old Devils (1986). Marubucin tarihinsa Zachary Leader ya kira Amis "mafi kyawun marubucin littafin barkwanci na Ingilishi na rabin na biyu na karni na ashirin." A cikin 2008, The Times ya ba shi matsayi na tara a jerin manyan marubutan Burtaniya 50 tun daga 1945. Shi ne mahaifin marubucin marubuci Martin Amis. An haifi Amis a shekarar 1990.

rayuwar farko

Kingsley Amis an haife shi ne a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1922 a Clapham, kudancin London, ɗa tilo na William Robert Amis (1889 – 1963), magatakarda — "mahimmin abu ne, ƙwararren Sipaniya kuma ke da alhakin fitar da mustard zuwa Kudancin Amirka" - don masana'antar mustard Colman's a cikin Birnin London, da matarsa ​​​​Roéesa Annie

Kakannin Amis sun kasance masu arziki. Mahaifin William Amis, dan kasuwan gilashin Joseph James Amis, ya mallaki wani katafaren gida mai suna Barchester a Purley, sannan wani bangare na Surrey. Amis ya ɗauki J.J. Amis—ko da yaushe ana kiransa "Pater" ko "Dadda" - "wani ɗan wasa, mai ban sha'awa, wauta", wanda "ba ya so kuma ya kore shi". Matarsa ​​Julia "babban halitta ce, mai ban tsoro, mai gashin fuska ... wanda [Amis] ya ƙi kuma yana jin tsoro". Iyayen mahaifiyarsa sun zauna a Camberwell. Mahaifinta George ya kasance mai sha'awar tattara littattafai kuma ƙwararren malamin cocin Baptist wanda ya yi aiki a cikin masu sana'a na Brixton a matsayin mataimakin tela kuma shine "kakanin [Amis] kaɗai ke kulawa". Amis ya yi fatan ya gaji yawancin ɗakin karatu na kakansa, amma kakarsa Jemima- wacce Amis ta riga ta ƙi don ɗabi'arta ta yi wa mijinta ba'a lokacin da ya karanta abubuwan da ya fi so ga Amis, yana yin "fuskõki da motsin rai a gare shi yayin da aka saukar da kansa zuwa shafi"- ya ba shi izinin ɗaukar littattafai biyar kawai, bisa ga yanayin da ya rubuta "daga tarin kuɗaɗen mahaifinsa 6".

Amis ya taso ne a Norbury - a cikin kimantawarsa daga baya "ba ainihin wuri ba. Yana da magana akan taswira ... da gaske ya kamata in ce na zo daga tashar Norbury. A cikin 1940, Amises sun koma Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire

Ilimi Aiki da fasaha

Kamar mahaifinsa a gabansa, Amis ya sami gurbin karatu zuwa Makarantar Birnin Landan.A cikin Afrilu 1941, bayan shekararsa ta farko, ya sami gurbin karatu a Kwalejin St John, Oxford, inda ya karanta Turanci. A nan ya sadu da Philip Larkin, wanda ya kulla abota mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarsa.A cikin Yuni 1941, Amis ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Burtaniya. Ya karya tsarin gurguzu a shekara ta 1956, bisa la’akari da kalaman da shugaban Soviet Nikita Khrushchev ya yi wa Joseph Stalin a cikin jawabinsa na “Akan Al’adar Mutum da Sakamakonsa”. A cikin Yuli 1942, an kira shi don hidimar ƙasa kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Corps of Signals. Ya koma Oxford a watan Oktoba 1945 don kammala karatunsa.Ko da yake ya yi aiki tuƙuru kuma ya sami na farko a Turanci a cikin 1947, a lokacin ya yanke shawarar ba da yawancin lokacinsa don yin rubutu. Ya kasance malami a cikin Turanci a Kwalejin Jami'ar Swansea daga 1949 zuwa 1961.

Kwanaki bayan haihuwar Sally, littafin farko na Amis, Lucky Jim, an buga shi don yabo. Masu suka sun ji cewa ya kama ɗanɗanon Biritaniya a cikin 1950s kuma ya kawo sabon salon almara. A shekara ta 1972, tallace-tallacensa mai ban sha'awa a Biritaniya ya kasance daidai da kwafin takarda miliyan 1.25 da aka sayar a Amurka. An fassara shi zuwa harsuna 20, ciki har da Yaren mutanen Poland, Ibrananci, Koriya, da Serbo-Croat.Littafin ya sami lambar yabo ta Somerset Maugham Award na almara kuma Amis ya zama ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da aka fi sani da Angry Young Men. Lucky Jim yana cikin litattafan harabar harabar Biritaniya na farko, yana kafa misali ga ƙarni na gaba na kamar su Malcolm Bradbury, David Lodge, Tom Sharpe da Howard Jacobson. A matsayinta na mawaƙi, Amis tana da alaƙa da The Movement.

A cikin 1958-1959 Amis ya yi ziyarar farko a karo biyu zuwa Amurka, a matsayinsa na mai ziyara a fannin rubuce-rubucen kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar Princeton da kuma malami mai ziyara a wasu jami'o'in arewa maso gabas. Da ya koma Biritaniya, ya fada cikin rudani, kuma ya fara neman wani mukami. Bayan shekaru 13 a Swansea, Amis ya zama ɗan'uwan Peterhouse, Cambridge, a cikin 1961, amma ya yi nadama game da motsi a cikin shekara guda, ya sami Cambridge abin takaici na ilimi da zamantakewa. Ya yi murabus a cikin 1963, da niyyar ƙaura zuwa Majorca, kodayake a zahiri bai wuce London ba

Rayuwar sirri

Amis ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya yana matashi a Oxford kuma ya bar ta a cikin 1956. Daga baya ya kira wannan matakin na rayuwarsa ta siyasa da “lokacin da ake ganin ya zama dole an Oxford.”Amis ya kasance na ɗan lokaci a hagu na siyasa bayan yaƙin, yana bayyana a cikin shekarun 1950 cewa koyaushe zai zaɓi jam'iyyar Labour. A ƙarshe Amis ya ƙara matsawa zuwa dama ta siyasa, ci gaban da ya tattauna a cikin makala mai suna “Me ya sa Lucky Jim Juya Dama” (1967); Ana iya ganin ra'ayinsa na ra'ayin mazan jiya da kyamar kwaminisanci a cikin ayyuka kamar littafin littafin dystopian na Rasha Hide and Seek (1980). A cikin 1967, Amis, Robert Conquest, John Braine, da wasu mawallafa da yawa sun rattaba hannu kan wata wasika zuwa ga The Times mai taken "Backing for US Policy in Vietnam", suna goyon bayan gwamnatin Amurka a yakin Vietnam. Ya yi magana a Cibiyar Adam Smith, inda ya yi jayayya da tallafin da gwamnati ke ba wa fasaha. Ra'ayoyin addinin Amis sun bayyana a cikin martanin da aka ruwaito a cikin Memoirs. Ga tambayar mawaƙin Rasha Yevgeny Yevtushenko, "Kai wanda bai yarda da Allah ba?" Amis ta amsa, "Ya fi na ƙi shi."

Hali

Ta hanyar shigar da kansa kuma a cewar masu tarihin rayuwar sa, Amis ya kasance mazinaci ne a yawancin rayuwarsa. Wannan shi ne babban abin da ya jawo lalacewar aurensa na farko. Wani shahararren hoto na Amis da ke barci a bakin tekun Yugoslavia yana nuna taken (wanda matarsa ​​Hilary ta rubuta da lipstick) a bayansa "1 Fat Bature-Na fuck komai." A cikin wani abin tunawa, Amis ya rubuta cewa: “Yanzu kuma sai na fara sane da cewa na kasance cikin manyan mashaya, idan ba daya daga cikin manyan mashaya ba, na zamaninmu”. Ya ba da shawarar wannan yana nuna halin butulci a cikin masu karatu na yin amfani da halayen halayensa ga kansa. Ya ji daɗin sha kuma ya ɓata lokaci mai kyau a mashaya. Hilary Rubinstein, wacce ta karbi Lucky Jim ga Victor Gollancz, ta yi sharhi, "Na yi shakka ko Jim Dixon zai je mashaya ya sha giyar pint goma.... Ban san Kingsley sosai ba, kun gani.

Clive James yayi sharhi: "Duk da kansa, yana da lissafin shaye-shaye na mako-mako na cikakken tebur a Garrick Club tun kafin a zabe shi. Bayan da ya kasance, zai yi tauri sosai a can har da kyar ya iya zuwa tasi." Wannan ya dace da tsarin da aka tsara don rubutu. Tsawon "shekaru da yawa" Amis ya ɗora wa kansa ƙayyadaddun tsarin yau da kullun, yana ware rubutu da abin sha. An kashe safiya wajen rubutu, tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin kalmomin yau da kullun na kalmomi 500.[47] An fara sha game da lokacin abincin rana, lokacin da aka cimma hakan. Irin wannan horon kai yana da mahimmanci ga kwazon Amis. Amma duk da haka a cewar James, Amis ya kai wani sauyi lokacin da shansa ya daina zaman jama'a kuma ya zama hanyar rage nadama da nadamar halinsa ga Hilly. "Amis ya juya wa kansa da gangan .... Da alama daidai ne a yi tunanin cewa babban mai damuwa ya zo ne don ya ƙi halinsa." [46] Abokinsa Christopher Hitchens ya ce: "Gwarwar ta kama shi a ƙarshe, kuma ta yi masa fashin basira da fara'a da kuma lafiyarsa.

Ahali

A 1946 Amis ya sadu da Hilary Bardwell. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1948 bayan ta sami juna biyu da ɗansu na fari, Philip. Da farko Amis ya shirya mata a zubar da cikin a bayanta, amma ya canza ra’ayi, yana tsoron kada ya tsira. Wasu yara biyu sun biyo baya: Martin a watan Agusta 1949 da Sally a cikin Janairu 1954. A shekara ta 1963, Hilary ta gano cewa Amis na yin mu'amala da marubuciya Elizabeth Jane Howard. Hilary da Amis sun rabu a watan Agusta kuma ya tafi ya zauna tare da Howard, ya saki Hilary kuma ya auri Howard a 1965. A 1968 ya koma tare da Howard zuwa Lemmons, wani gida a Barnet, arewacin London. Ita da Amis sun rabu a 1983. A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, Amis ya raba gida da Hilary da mijinta na uku, Alastair Boyd, Baron Kilmarnock na 7, a wata yarjejeniya da 'ya'yansu suka kulla don tabbatar da cewa za a iya kula da shi har mutuwarsa.Tarihin Martin Amis Kwarewa yana kwatanta rayuwar mahaifinsa, fara'a da raguwa. A watan Agustan 1995, Amis ta fadi bayan da ake zargin bugun jini. Bayan da alama ya murmure, ya tsananta kuma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1995 a Asibitin St Pancras, London.An kona shi kuma aka ajiye tokarsa a Golders Green Crematorium.