Sarkin sarakuna Abdelkader

Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhyi al-Din (6 Satumba 1808 - 26 Mayu 1883; Larabci: ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Muḥy al-Dīn), wanda aka fi sani da Emir Abdelkader ko Abd al-Cadir al-Hassani al-Jaza'iri, shugaba ne na addini da soja na Algeria wanda ya jagoranci gwagwarmaya da mamayar mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Algiers a farkon karni na 19. A matsayinsa na masanin addinin Musulunci da Sufi wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya sami kansa yana jagorantar yakin basasa, ya gina tarin 'yan kabilar Aljeriya waɗanda shekaru da yawa suka yi nasara a kan ɗayan sojojin da suka fi ci gaba a Turai.

Tsayawa da ya yi game da abin da yanzu za a kira haƙƙin ɗan adam, musamman game da abokan adawarsa na Kirista, ya jawo sha'awa sosai, kuma muhimmiyar shiga tsakani don ceton al'ummar Kirista ta Damascus daga kisan kiyashi a 1860 ya kawo girmamawa da kyaututtuka daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A cikin Aljeriya, ya sami damar haɗa kan kabilun Larabawa da Berber da yawa don tsayayya da yaduwar mulkin mallaka na Faransa.[1] Kokarinta na hada kasar a kan masu mamaye Faransa ya jagoranci wasu marubutan Faransa su bayyana shi a matsayin "Jugurtha na zamani", kuma ikonsa na hada ikon addini da siyasa ya haifar da ya zama "Mai Tsarki tsakanin Princes, Yarima tsakanin Saints". [2][3]

Sunan

Sunan "Abdelkader" wani lokacin ana fassara shi a matsayin "Abd al-Qādir", "Abd Al-Kader", "Abdul Kader" ko wasu bambance-bambance, kuma ana kiransa sau da yawa a matsayin Sarkin Abdelkader (tun da El Jezairi kawai yana nufin "Aljeriya"). "Ibn Muhieddine" ma'anar "ɗan Muhieddin" ce.

Shekaru na farko

Hoton daga ca. 1860

An haifi Abdelkader a el Getna, wani gari da gari a Mascara a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1808, ga dangin addini. Mahaifinsa, Muhieddine (ko "Muhyi al-Din") al-Hasani, ya kasance muqaddam a cikin wata hukuma ta addini da ke da alaƙa da Qadiriyya tariqa kuma ya yi iƙirarin zuriya daga Muhammadu, ta hanyar Daular Idrisid. Abdelkader ya kasance Sharif, kuma yana da damar ƙara sunan girmamawa al-Hasani ("ɗan Hasan ibn Ali") ga sunansa.

Ya girma a zawiya na mahaifinsa, wanda a farkon karni na sha tara ya zama cibiyar al'umma mai tasowa a bakin kogin Oued al-Hammam. Kamar sauran dalibai, ya sami ilimin gargajiya da na yau da kullun a cikin tauhidin, shari'a da harshe; an ce zai iya karatu da rubutu tun yana da shekaru biyar. Ɗalibi mai basira, Abdelkader ya yi nasarar karanta Alkur'ani daga ƙwaƙwalwa yana da shekaru 14, don haka ya sami taken ḥāfiẓ; shekara guda bayan haka, ya tafi Oran don ƙarin ilimi. Ya kasance mai magana mai kyau kuma yana iya motsa takwarorinsa da shayari da maganganun addini. An san shi da rubuce-rubuce da yawa da aka buga game da daidaita dokar Islama ga al'ummar zamani.

Yayinda yake saurayi a cikin 1825, ya tashi a kan Hajj, aikin Hajji zuwa Makka, tare da mahaifinsa. Yayinda yake can, ya sadu da Imam Shamil; biyun sun yi magana sosai a kan batutuwa daban-daban. Ya kuma yi tafiya zuwa Damascus da Baghdad, kuma ya ziyarci kaburbura na sanannun Musulmai, kamar su ibn Arabi da Abdul Qadir Gilani, wanda kuma ake kira al-Jilālī a Aljeriya. Wannan gogewa ta tabbatar da sha'awar addini. A kan hanyarsa ta komawa Aljeriya, sauye-sauyen da Muhammad Ali na Masar ya yi ya burge shi.[1] Ya koma ƙasarsa 'yan watanni kafin zuwan Faransanci a ƙarƙashin Mulkin Yuli.