Sashe na goma sha ɗaya na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu

Sashe na goma sha ɗaya na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu
article of constitution (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Babi na Biyu na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu

Sashe na goma sha ɗaya na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu, wani ɓangare ne na Dokar 'Yanci, ya tabbatar da haƙƙin rayuwa. An fassara wannan ɓangaren don hana hukuncin kisa, amma ba don hana zubar da ciki ba. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga euthanasia, kare kai, amfani da karfi ta hanyar tilasta bin doka, da kuma samar da kiwon lafiya mai ceton rai.

A karkashin taken "Rayuwa", sashin ya bayyana, a cikakke, "Kowane mutum yana da haƙƙin rayuwa. " Ba kamar haƙƙin rayuwa a wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, wannan ɓangaren ba shi da cancanta; ba ya yin banbanci ga hukuncin kisa, amma kuma ba ya bayyana a bayyane cewa an haramta hukuncin kisa.

Hukuncin mutuwa

Ɗaya daga cikin yanke shawara na farko da Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta yi shi ne shari'ar 1995 ta S da Makwanyane, inda kotun ta yi magana game da bin tsarin mulki na hukuncin kisa. Babban hukunci, na Shugaban Kotun Arthur Chaskalson, ya sami hukuncin kisa ya zama ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda ya keta haƙƙin rayuwa ba, amma saboda ya keta haramtacciyar zalunci, rashin mutunci da kuma wulakanci a wasu wurare a cikin Dokar 'Yancin. Koyaya, yawancin alƙalai na kotun sun yanke hukuncin cewa hukuncin kisa ya keta haƙƙin rayuwa.p

A cikin shari'ar 2001 na Mohamed v Shugaban Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yi magana game da mikawa wadanda ake zargi a yanayin da za su iya fuskantar hukuncin kisa. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ba za ta iya fitar da wadanda ake zargi da aikata laifuka masu tsanani ba tare da samun tabbaci daga ikon da ke neman fitar da su ba cewa ba za a yanke musu hukuncin kisa ba (ko kuma, idan sun kasance, ba za a aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba). An sake tabbatar da wannan a cikin shari'ar Ministan Cikin Gida ta 2012 v Tsebe . Koyaya waɗannan kariya ba su kai ga 'yan Afirka ta Kudu a waje da Afirka ta Kudu ba: a cikin Kaunda v Shugaban Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba ta da alhakin gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta shiga tsakani ta hanyar diflomasiyya don kare' yan Afirka ta Kudu da ake fitar da su daga Zimbabwe zuwa Equatorial Guinea kan babban cajin.

Zubar da ciki

Zaɓin Dokar Ƙarshen Ciki, 1996, wanda ke ba da izinin zubar da ciki a cikin watanni uku na farko kuma don dalilai da aka ƙayyade a cikin watanni huɗu na biyu, an kalubalanci shi a cikin Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Kirista v Ministan Lafiya, bisa ga cewa ya keta haƙƙin tayin na rayuwa. Sashe na lardin Transvaal na Babban Kotun ya watsar da karar, ya yanke hukuncin cewa kalmar "kowane mutum" a sashi na 11 ba ta kai ga jarirai da ba a haifa ba, waɗanda ba su da halayyar doka a ƙarƙashin Dokar 'Yancin.

Mahada

• The Bill of Rights