Sauti na muhalli
 Sauti na muhalli | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
noise pollution (en)  |
| Karatun ta |
audiology (en) |
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Sauti na muhalli tarin gurɓataccen amo ne wanda ke faruwa a waje. Wannan hayaniya na iya haifar da sufuri, masana'antu, da ayyukan nishaɗi.[1]
Ana bayyana hayaniya akai-akai a matsayin 'Sauti mara kyau'. A cikin wannan mahallin, hayaniya ta muhalli tana nan a wasu nau'o'i a duk fannoni na mutum, dabba, ko aikin muhalli. Tasirin da ke cikin mutane na fuskantar hayaniya ga muhalli na iya bambanta daga motsin rai zuwa ilimin lissafi da tunanin mutum. Sauti a ƙananan matakan ba lallai bane ya zama mai cutarwa. Har ila yau, hayaniya ta muhalli na iya isar da jin dadi a wani yanki, wanda zai iya zama abin sha'awa. Sakamakon mummunan tasirin hayaniya (watau gurɓata hayaniya) na iya haɗawa da: tsangwama tare da magana ko wasu sautunan 'da ake so', fushi, rikicewar bacci, damuwa, lalacewar ji da matsalolin lafiyar zuciya masu alaƙa da damuwa.[2]
A sakamakon haka, gwamnatoci da cibiyoyi da yawa a duniya suna nazarin hayaniya, tsarawa, da kuma saka idanu kan sautin muhalli. Wannan yana haifar da ayyuka daban-daban. Tushen duk yanke shawara yana goyan bayan manufa da daidaitattun ma'auni na hayaniya. Ana auna hayaniya a cikin decibel (dB) ta amfani da ma'aunin matakin sauti da aka amince da shi. Ana yawan ɗaukar ma'auni a cikin makonni, a duk yanayin yanayi.
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sauti daga sufuri yawanci ana fitar da shi ta hanyar injuna (misali injin ko hayaki) da sautin iska (duba sautin iska da Sautin jirgin sama) wanda ya haifar da matsin lamba da rikici a cikin iska a kusa da jirgin yayin motsi. Sautin muhalli daga layin dogo musamman yana da bambanci dangane da saurin da ingancin waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su don sufuri.[3]
Za'a iya samar da hayaniya ta masana'antu da na nishaɗi ta hanyar hanyoyi da matakai daban-daban. Za'a iya samar da hayaniya ta masana'antu da tsire-tsire (watau, ƙirar samfur ko taro), samar da wutar lantarki (hydroelectricity ko Turbines na iska), ayyukan gini, ko wuraren aikin gona da kayan aiki na nama. Tushen hayaniya na nishaɗi ya bambanta sosai amma suna iya haɗawa da bukukuwan kiɗa, [4] wuraren harbi, abubuwan wasanni, tseren mota, aikin katako, mashaya, [5] ayyukan mutane a kan titi, [6] da dai sauransu.
Yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yara da matasa suna da saukin kamuwa da cutuka ta muhalli kamar manya. Kamar manya, tare da fallasawa ga hayaniya akwai sakamako mai lalacewa akan lafiyar kwakwalwa.[7] Sautin muhalli da yara za su iya fallasawa shine sautin zirga-zirga, jirgin sama, jiragen kasa, da sauransu.[7] Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna karamin alaƙa tsakanin hayaniya da karatu da fahimtar baki.[7]
Sautin muhalli a cikin yara galibi ana yin sa ne daga mutanen da ke kewaye da su ko 'yan uwa ne da ke kuka ko abokai da ke kururuwa. Sa'an nan kuma yara galibi suna fuskantar sautin dabbobi da sautin zirga-zirga. Lokacin da masu bincike suka tambayi yara yadda suke ji lokacin da ya zo ga hayaniya ta muhalli a kusa da su, yawancin sun ji mummunan motsin rai idan aka kwatanta da motsin rai mai kyau. Manyan motsin zuciyar suna da alaƙa da sauti na muhalli, alal misali, hayaniya ta zirga-zirga, hayaniya, sirens, da ƙararrawa.[8] Kyakkyawan motsin zuciyar yana da alaƙa da iskõki, magoya baya, da hayaniya ta yau da kullun.
Tasirin lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sauti da ingancin rayuwa suna da alaƙa. Karin hayaniyar muhalli, musamman ga waɗanda ke zaune kusa da layin dogo da filayen jirgin sama, ya haifar da rikici. Samun isasshen barci mai inganci yana da wahala ga waɗanda ke zaune a yankunan da ke da hayaniya sosai. Lokacin da jiki yake hutawa, ana ci gaba da gabatar da hayaniya a cikin mahalli. Jikin yana amsawa ga waɗannan sautunan da zasu iya shafar bacci mara kyau.[3]
Babban bayyanar hayaniya ga muhalli na iya taka rawa a cikin cututtukan zuciya. Sauti na iya kara hawan jini, canza bugun zuciya, da kuma fitar da hormones na damuwa. Canje-canje masu yawa a cikin waɗannan ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya na iya haifar da haɗari ga hauhawar jini, arteriosclerosis, har ma da abubuwan da suka fi tsanani kamar bugun jini ko ciwon zuciya.[9][10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ European Commission. "The Green Paper on Future Noise Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ↑ World Health Organization. "Guidelines for community noise". Archived from the original on 27 November 2003. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Muzet, Alain (April 2007). "Environmental noise, sleep and health". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (2): 135–142. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2006.09.001. PMID 17317241. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Lakin, Curtis; Brown, Stuart; Williams, Martin (2001). "Noise Monitoring at Glastonbury Festival". Noise & Vibration Worldwide (in Turanci). 32 (5): 12–14. Bibcode:2001NVW....32...12L. doi:10.1260/0957456011498669. ISSN 0957-4565. S2CID 111208890.
- ↑ Ottoz, Elisabetta; Rizzi, Lorenzo; Nastasi, Francesco (April 2018). "Recreational noise: Impact and costs for annoyed residents in Milan and Turin". Applied Acoustics. 133: 173–181. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.12.021.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Asensio, Cesar; Gasco, Luis; de Arcas, Guillermo; López, Juan; Alonso, Jesus (7 December 2018). "Assessment of Residents' Exposure to Leisure Noise in Málaga (Spain)". Environments. 5 (12): 134. doi:10.3390/environments5120134.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Clark, Charlotte; Crumpler, Clare; Notley, Hilary (2020-01-07). "Evidence for Environmental Noise Effects on Health for the United Kingdom Policy Context: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Noise on Mental Health, Wellbeing, Quality of Life, Cancer, Dementia, Birth, Reproductive Outcomes, and Cognition". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (in Turanci). 17 (2): 393. doi:10.3390/ijerph17020393. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7013411. PMID 31936110.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:62 - ↑ Basner, Mathias; Babisch, Wolfgang; Davis, Adrian; Brink, Mark; Clark, Charlotte; Janssen, Sabine; Stansfeld, Stephen (April 2014). "Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health". The Lancet. 383 (9925): 1325–1332. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X. PMC 3988259. PMID 24183105.
- ↑ Münzel, Thomas; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Herzog, Johannes; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2018). "Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 71 (6): 688–697. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015. ISSN 1558-3597. PMID 29420965.