Sauye-sauye
 Sauye-sauye | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Ilimin karatu |
Multiliteracy (jama'a: Multiliteracies) wata hanya ce ta ka'idar karatu da rubutu da aka kirkira a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ta New London Group . Hanyar tana da mahimman fannoni biyu na karatu da rubutu - bambancin harshe da nau'ikan maganganun harshe da wakilci. An kirkiro shi ne don mayar da martani ga manyan canje-canje guda biyu a cikin yanayin duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan canjin shine karuwar bambancin harshe da al'adu saboda karuwar ƙaura tsakanin ƙasashe.[1] Babban canji na biyu shine yaduwar sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa saboda ci gaba a Fasahar sadarwa misali Intanet, Multimedia, da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital. A matsayin hanyar ilimi, ilimin karatu da rubutu yana mai da hankali kan sabon "literacy" wanda ke tasowa don mayar da martani ga canje-canje a hanyar da mutane ke sadarwa a duniya saboda Sauye-sauye fasaha da kuma hulɗa tsakanin al'adu da harsuna daban-daban.
Multiliteracy yana nufin ikon fahimtar da kuma amfani da nau'o'i da yawa na karatu da rubutu a cikin mahallin da yawa. Wannan ya haɗa da ilimin gargajiya (karanta da rubutu), ilimin dijital (ta amfani da fasaha da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital), ilimin gani (fassara hotuna da gani), da sauran nau'ikan sadarwa. Yana da mahimmanci a duniyar yau inda hanyoyi daban-daban na sadarwa suka zama ruwan dare. Ya wuce ra'ayoyin gargajiya na karatu da rubutu, wanda yawanci yakan mai da hankali kan karatu da rubuce-rubuce, don ƙunshe da ƙwarewar karatu da yawa waɗanda suka zama masu mahimmanci a zamanin dijital.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayin hanyar koyarwa, ƙwarewa da yawa ya dogara ne akan shawarar New London Group wanda ya ƙunshi ƙirar ɗaki mai ma'ana wanda ke ƙunshe da mahimman fannoni huɗu - aikin da aka sanya, koyarwa mai bayyane, ƙaddamarwa mai mahimmanci, da kuma canza aikin. Ayyukan da aka tsara suna mai da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin batutuwan aji da abubuwan da suka faru a duniya, suna gina kan abubuwan da suka shafi ɗalibai. Koyarwa ta bayyane tana mai da hankali kan fahimtar ɗalibai da kuma shimfida sabbin ra'ayoyi don samar da mayar da hankali ga sababbin ra'ayoyin. Tsarin mahimmanci yana mai da hankali kan nazarin yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu wanda aka haɓaka ra'ayi, wallafe-wallafen, ko rubutu a ciki. Ayyukan da aka canza suna amfani da bangarori uku da suka gabata don ƙarfafa tunani da kuma amfani da waɗannan koyarwar a cikin sabon mahallin, cimma burin mutum.
Aikace-aikacen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai manyan batutuwa guda biyu da ke nuna yadda za'a iya amfani da nau'o'i masu yawa. Na farko shi ne saboda duniya ta zama karami, sadarwa tsakanin wasu al'adu da harsuna ya zama dole ga kowa. Hakanan ana canza amfani da Harshen Ingilishi. Duk da yake yana da alama cewa Turanci shine harshen gama gari, na duniya, akwai yare daban-daban da al'adu daban-daban waɗanda duk suna magana da Turanci daban-daban. Hanyar da ake magana da Turanci a Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu, Indiya ko kowace ƙasa ta bambanta da yadda ake magana da ita a cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Turanci na asali a Burtaniya.
Hanyar ta biyu don haɗa kalmar multiliteracies ita ce hanyar da fasaha da multimedia ke canza yadda muke sadarwa. Wadannan kwanakin, rubutu da magana ba su ne kawai manyan hanyoyin sadarwa ba. Ana fadada ma'anar kafofin watsa labarai don haɗawa da rubutu tare da sauti, da hotuna waɗanda ake haɗa su cikin fina-finai, allon talla, kusan kowane shafin akan intanet, da talabijin. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa suna buƙatar ikon fahimtar duniyar multimedia.
Tsarin mahimmanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin mahimmanci a cikin nau'o'i da yawa yana buƙatar bincike game da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu da manufofi na ilmantarwa da ƙirar ma'ana. Cope da Kalantzis (2001) [2] sun tattauna wannan a cikin mahallin rayuwarmu mai banbanci da ke da alaƙa da duniya inda dakarun ƙaura, al'adu da yawa, da haɗin tattalin arzikin duniya ke ƙarfafa hanyoyin canji. Ayyukan yin ma'ana suna rarraba yayin da hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital ke daidaita filin wasa.
Sabuntawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan yin amfani da jagorar koyarwa a bayyane ga ayyukan karatun kusan shekaru goma, an sake fasalin wannan fannin koyar da karatu da rubutu kuma an fassara shi a cikin aikin Learning by Design a cikin 'tsarin ilimi' na fahimta (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009, 2015). [3] Conceptualizing ya haɗa da "ci gaban ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki, ra'ayoyin gaba ɗaya da kuma ka'idojin ka'idoji na waɗannan ra'ayolai" (Cope & Kalantzis, 2015, shafi na 19). Yin amfani da waɗannan Hanyoyin Ilimi, masu koyo na iya rarraba kalmomi, kuma su tattara waɗannan a cikin tsarin tunani. Conceptualizing, a cewar Cope da Kalantzis (shafi na 19) yana faruwa ta hanyoyi biyu:
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cope, Bill; Kalantzis, Mary (2009). ""Multiliteracies": New Literacies, New Learning". Pedagogies. 4 (3): 164–195. doi:10.1080/15544800903076044. S2CID 154335505.
- ↑ Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2001). "Putting 'multiliteracies' to the test". Newsletter of the Australian Literacy Educators Association. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ↑ Cope, Bill; Kalantzis, Mary (2009-08-06). ""Multiliteracies": New Literacies, New Learning". Pedagogies. 4 (3): 164–195. doi:10.1080/15544800903076044. ISSN 1554-480X. S2CID 154335505.