Yanayi

Metric conversion
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	█ Precipitation totals in mm

	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: NOAA

Houston
Climate chart (explanation)
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: NOAA
Metric conversion
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	█ Precipitation totals in mm

Houston tana fuskantar Yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen climate classification Cfa) tare da sanannun tasirin wurare masu zafi saboda kusanci da Tekun Mexico da ƙananan tsawo. Yanayin garin yana da zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi.^[1]

Tsarin zafin jiki

Birnin yana nuna bambancin zafin jiki na yanayi a duk shekara. Agusta yana wakiltar mafi girman lokacin bazara na Houston, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kai 95 ° F (35 ° C), yana mai da shi watan da ya fi zafi a kowace shekara. Sabanin haka, Janairu alama ce ta mafi sanyi, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na 63 ° F (17 ° C), wanda ke wakiltar lokacin hunturu na birnin.

Halayen yanayi

Yanayin subtropical na Houston yana samar da yanayin zafi, mai zafi a lokacin watanni na rani, yayin da yanayin hunturu ya kasance mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da latitudes na arewa. Yanayin birnin tare da Tekun Gulf yana daidaita matsanancin canjin zafin jiki kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga matakan zafi na shekara-shekara.^[2]

Binciken yanayi

Samfuri:Houston weatherbox Duk da yake zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na Houston yana bin yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu, yanayi mai hikima, birnin yana da lokacin ruwan sama da Lokacin fari. Lokacin rigar yana daga Afrilu / Mayu zuwa Satumba / Oktoba; lokacin fari yana daga Nuwamba / Disamba zuwa Maris / Afrilu. Koyaya, a lokacin shekarun El Niño ko La Niña, lokutan rigar da bushewa na iya kasancewa fiye da yadda aka saba ko kuma jinkirta.

Lokacin bazara

Yuni zuwa Agusta suna da zafi sosai kuma suna da danshi, sau da yawa tare da ruwa sama da tsawa. A Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental, yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya kai 95.0 °F (35.0 °C) ° F (35.0 ° C) a ranar 5-12, tare da al'ada na kwanaki 102.4 a kowace shekara a ko sama da 90 °F (32 °C) ° F (32 ° C) da kwanaki 3.5 a kowace shekara ko sama da 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C). ^[3] Matsakaicin zafi na dangi ya kasance daga sama da kashi 90 cikin dari da safe zuwa kusan kashi 60 cikin dari da rana. Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani a Houston yayi kama da matsakaicin yanayin zafi da aka gani a yanayin zafi, kamar a Philippines da ƙananan tsaunuka na Amurka ta tsakiya.^[4] Darajar zafi na dangi yana haifar da ƙididdigar zafi mafi girma fiye da ainihin zafin jiki. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental ya kasance 109 °F (43 °C) ° F (43 ° C) a lokuta huɗu: Satumba 4, 2000; Agusta 27, 2011; Agusta 24, 2023; da Agusta 27, 2023 . ^[5] A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2013, zafin jiki a Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental ya kai 107 °F (42 °C) ° F (42 ° C), mafi girma da aka taɓa yin rikodin a watan Yuni.^[6] Rashin zafi na iya kai wa mutanen da suka zauna a waje na dogon lokaci a lokacin rani, suna sa ruwa ya zama dole don aikin waje da kuma nishaɗi. Lokacin bazara na 2014 bai samar da yanayi na digiri 100+ ba don mayar da martani ga ruwan sama na ruwan sama a ƙarshen Yuni zuwa Agusta, a lokacin da Tekun Pacific daga Amurka ta Tsakiya ke dumama, wanda ya samo asali a cikin taron El Niño na 2014-16 - an kuma lura da wannan sake zagayowar tsakanin 1971 da 1976, a lokacin bayan-El Nino.

Saboda yanayin zafi mai yawa wanda ke ci gaba daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, yawancin ma'aikatan cikin gida a Houston suna ciyar da ɓangaren zafi na rana a cikin yanayin iska. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, sanyaya iska ya haifar da ci gaban Houston, kuma an kira shi birni mafi sanyaya iska a duniya a cikin 1950.

Lokacin kaka

Lokacin kaka a Houston yana da dumi, tare da yanayin zafi a cikin sama 60s zuwa ƙasa da 80s ° F (20-28 ° C) a rana kuma a cikin 40s zuwa ƙasa 60s ° F (10-17 ° C) da dare. Gidan sanyi wanda ke motsawa a yankin a lokacin faduwa na iya kawo ruwan sama. Guguwa na iya shiga yankin daga Tekun Mexico, yana kawo ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, yawancin shekaru suna ganin kaɗan ko babu wani gagarumin aikin guguwa. Ambaliyar ruwa galibi tana faruwa a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba, wanda shine ƙarshen Lokacin rigar kudu maso gabashin Texas. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa sun samo asali ne daga ragowar guguwar Gabashin Pacific da ke hulɗa da iyakokin matakin sama; Oktoba 2015 shine sabon misali na irin wannan abin da ya faru, inda ragowar Guguwar Patricia ta kawo sama da inci 9 na ruwan sama zuwa birnin. Guguwar da ta gabata da ta kai Texas ita ce Guguwar Beryl a watan Yulin 2024.

Lokacin hunturu

Lokacin sanyi a Houston yana da ɗan laushi, bushewa, da yanayin zafi idan aka kwatanta da yawancin yankunan Amurka. Lokacin sanyi na Houston, a matsakaici, ya fi Kudancin Florida da Kudancin California, daidai da kudancin Louisiana da Florida ta Tsakiya, amma ɗan zafi fiye da Dallas, Atlanta, San Antonio, Austin, da sauran biranen kudanci na ciki. Matsakaicin tsayi a watan Janairu, watan mafi sanyi, shine 62.9 °F (17.2 °C) kuma ƙasa shine 43.2 °F (6.2 ° C). George Bush Intercontinental Airport yana ganin matsakaita na kwanaki 9.6 a kowace shekara na yanayin sanyi.[1] Yanayin sanyi a lokacin hunturu na iya kawo raguwar dare wanda ya faɗi cikin 30s amma yawanci yakan kasance sama da daskarewa. Mafi kyawun yanayin yanayi yakan haɗa da yanayin zafi a cikin ƙananan 30s zuwa tsakiyar 40s da dare. Daskarewa mai wuya ba sabon abu bane a Arewacin Houston; Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental ya rubuta aƙalla daskare ɗaya a duk lokacin sanyi tun lokacin da aka buɗe shi a cikin 1969, ban da 2023, lokacin da mafi ƙanƙanta ya kasance digiri 33. Koyaya, yankuna a tsakiya da kudancin yankin metro na Houston sun kasance masu zafi da yawa a cikin dare mafi sanyi. Yankunan kudancin Interstate 10 na iya samun duk lokacin sanyi ba tare da daskare ba. Mafi yawan zafin jiki da aka taɓa samu a filin jirgin sama na George Bush shine 7 °F (-14 °C) a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1989. A wani wuri kuma, zafin a Houston ya ragu zuwa 5 ° F (-15 ° C) a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1930.[2]. Ƙarƙashin rikodin a Filin Jirgin Sama na Hobby na Houston, kusa da birni, shine 9 ° F (-13 ° C).

A watan Disamba, yanayin sanyi mai motsawa zuwa kudu na iya kawo ruwan sama mai sanyi, sanyi mai sanyi, kuma, da wuya, ruwan sama mai daskarewa. Farkon Janairu shine lokacin sanyi na shekara, tare da yanayin zafi yana raguwa dan kadan a watan Fabrairu. Winter kuma shine mafi bushewa a cikin shekara ga Houston.

Lokacin bazara

Lokacin bazara ya zo tare da dumi a hankali daga hunturu, wanda ke faruwa daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Yanayin zafi gabaɗaya ba ya zafi har yanzu, matsakaicin daga 75-82 ° F (23.9-27.8 ° C) a rana da 56-64 ° F (13.3-17.8 da dare. Hadari na bazara sun zama ruwan dare, sau da yawa tare da walƙiya mai ban mamaki. Wannan ruwan sama ya sa Houston ta fara "lokacin girma" na watanni 10. Maris ya ga dawowar nau'ikan kwari da yawa, gami da maciji da sauro, zuwa yanayin zafi na Houston.

Ruwan sama

ruwan sama shine mafi yawan nau'in hazo a Houston kuma yana da yawa a duk shekara. Watan da ya fi ruwan sama shine Yuni, tare da matsakaicin inci 5.93 (151 na ruwan sama. Birnin (da yawancin Kudancin da Kudu maso Gabashin Texas) yana da nasa lokacin ruwan sama mara kyau, wanda yawanci yakan kasance daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, amma wani lokacin daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba. Houston yawanci tana karɓar inci 49.77 (1,264 na hazo a cikin kwanaki 104.0 a kowace shekara.^[3] Mafi yawan hazo da ya fadi a cikin shekara guda shine inci 83.02 (2,108.7 mm), wanda ya faru a shekarar 1979. Jimlar ruwan sama a cikin 2017, shekarar Guguwar Harvey a IAH a arewacin Houston, ya kasance 79.69; ruwan sama a watan guguwar, Agusta 2017, a IAH ya kai 39.11.^[7]

Houston ta sami kasa da inci 20 (510 na ruwan sama sau ɗaya kawai: inci 17.66 a cikin 1917. ^{IAH/extremes/annualiah-top10.htm\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwArc\">Houston's Annual Top 10 List</a>. <a href=\"./National_Weather_Service\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" data-linkid=\"1016\" class=\"cx-link\" id=\"mwArk\" title=\"National Weather Service\">National Weather Service</a>, Houston/Galveston, Texas. January 30, 2006. Last accessed January 3, 2006."}}" id="cite_ref-25" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Climate_of_Houston#cite_note-25 [1]]} A cikin shekara ta 2011, fari ya haifar da jimlar inci 24.57, tare da kasa da inci 1 da aka rubuta a IAH a cikin watanni shida na shekara 12; kawai 0.09 inci ne aka rubuta a wannan watan Agusta da 0.11 inci a wannan watan Afrilu.^[7]

Gargadi na Ambaliyar ruwa ya zama ruwan dare a duk shekara, kuma saboda shimfidar wuri, ruwan sama mai yawa yakan yi barazana ga rayuwa da dukiya a cikin birni. Ruwan iska na teku wanda yake kama da ruwan sama (musamman a lokacin watanni na rani, wanda ya samo asali ne daga sake zagayowar mesoscale convective, inda rafin jet na polar yawanci ke samar da toshe na omega) ya zama ruwan dare a duk yankin Gulf Coast na Texas (daga Brownsville zuwa Florida Peninsula), wanda ke da irin wannan yanayi ga yankuna kamar Mumbai da Kolkata - mazauna suna magana da ruwan iska na teku kamar Gulf Coast Monsoon (wanda ake kira Gulf Coast Monsons), duk da cewa Houston yana sama da matakin teku 50. Ruwan iska na teku ma yana ba da gudummawa ga Monsoon na Arewacin Amurka.

Ruwan sama da ruwan sama mai sanyi sun fi yawa fiye da dusar ƙanƙara a yankin Houston. Duk da yake abubuwan da ke tattare da dusar ƙanƙara ba su da yawa a Houston, gajeren dusar ƙara yana faruwa a kowane hunturu a cikin babban yankin Houston. Wadannan yawanci ba su da tasiri a kan tafiya saboda suna da haske, takaice, kuma suna warewa. Girgizar ƙasa na iya tarawa, amma kawai a ƙananan adadi.

Yanayi mai tsanani

Houston tana da yanayi mai tsanani a wasu lokuta, galibi ambaliyar ruwa. Guguwa da ke da damar sauka suna kawo mummunar lalacewa ga yankin. Manyan guguwa bakwai sun mamaye yankunan Galveston da Houston a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Hudu sun yi mummunar lalacewa ga Houston.

Guguwa da guguwa na wurare masu zafi

Saboda Houston tana kan Tekun Mexico, birnin yana da babban damar da guguwa ko Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi za su buge shi a kowane Lokacin guguwa (Yuni zuwa Nuwamba).

A cikin 1837, Guguwar Racer ta wuce zuwa kudancin garin, inda ta ɗaga matakan ruwa ƙafa huɗu.[1] Babbar guguwa ta 1900 ta lalata birnin Galveston na kusa (sannan kuma mafi girma), wanda ke kan wani tsibiri mai shinge mai nisan mil 50 (kilomita 80) kudu maso gabas da tsakiyar garin Houston. Guguwar ta yi rauni a lokacin da ta isa Houston.[2] Yankin da guguwar Carla ta afkawa birnin a shekara ta 1961, ta haddasa babbar barna ga Houston. A lokacin faɗuwar ƙasa, Carla ita ce tsarin mafi ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi don buga gabar Tekun Texas cikin sama da shekaru 40.[3] A shekara ta 1983 guguwar Alicia ta afkawa birnin sosai, inda ta yi sanadin asarar dala biliyan 1 a birnin a lokacin da tattalin arzikin birnin ya yi kasa.

Guguwar Tropical Allison ta zubar da ruwan sama har zuwa inci 37 (940 a wasu sassan birnin a cikin kwanaki biyar a cikin shekara ta 2001, kuma ita ce mafi lalacewa da tsada a tarihin Houston kafin Guguwar Harvey . Ambaliyar yankin ta kasance bala'i kuma ta yadu. Guguwar ta mamaye tsarin kula da ambaliyar ruwa gaba ɗaya kuma ta haifar da mutuwar mutane 22 a Houston da dala biliyan 6.05 (2006 USD) a cikin lalacewa. Ita ce kawai guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a tarihi da aka yi ritaya har zuwa Guguwar Tropical Erika a Dominica a cikin 2015.

Guguwar Tropical Erin ta sauka a watan Agustan 2007 tare da ruwan sama mai yawa. Jimlar inci 9 (230 na ruwan sama ya fadi a wasu wurare fiye da Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, kuma hanyoyi da unguwa da yawa sun cika da ambaliyar ruwa. Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Birnin Harris County, Texas, ta dakatar da ayyukan jirgin kasa da bas din saboda tasirin. An yi la'akari da mutuwar mutane hudu a cikin birni saboda guguwar. Ma'aikatar kashe gobara ta Houston ta ba da rahoton ayyukan ceto 72.

Guguwar Ike ta fadi a kusa da Galveston, Texas a watan Satumbar 2008 a matsayin guguwa ta 2. Ike ya kawo ruwan sama mai matsakaici amma iska mai ƙarfi na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo (sama da sa'o'i tara). Rufin filin wasa na Reliant (gidan ƙungiyar Houston Texans NFL) ya lalace, kuma an hura windows daga manyan gine-gine da yawa a cikin Houston. Hadarin guguwa ya shafi yankunan da ke kusa da Galveston Bay, ya kwashe wasu tsibirai na bakin teku na gidaje. Hukumomi sun haramta shiga tsibirin ba tare da gaggawa ba na makonni da yawa. Guguwar Ike ta bar kashi casa'in cikin dari na mutane a yankin Houston ba tare da wutar lantarki ba.^[8] Motoci daga ko'ina cikin kasar sun kawo kayan gaggawa, musamman ruwa da kankara. Yawancin birni ba su da wutar lantarki na kwanaki 2-3, wasu na makonni 2 zuwa 3.

Guguwar Harvey ta fadi a Rockport, Texas, da wuri a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2017. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye Houston saboda ruwan sama mai yawa daga guguwar.^[9]^[10]

Guguwar Beryl ta sauka a Matagorda, Texas da wuri a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2024, a matsayin guguwa ta Category 1. Beryl ya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa da iska mai ƙarfi zuwa Houston. Beryl ya kuma kashe mutane da yawa, tare da kusan mutane 40 da suka mutu.

Ambaliyar ruwa

Ambaliyar ruwa matsala ce mai maimaitawa a Houston. Hakan ya faru ne saboda birnin yana kan tudu kuma yana da damina. Yana da tsanani musamman a cikin ƙananan yankuna a ƙarshen gabas mai nisa na garin tare da kogin San Jacinto. Wuraren dausayi mai dausayi da shimfidar ciyayi da ke gefen tekun da ke kusa da Houston suna malalewa a hankali da sauƙi ambaliya. Wurin yana yashe ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa na bayous (kananan koguna masu tafiya a hankali, sau da yawa suna bushewa da haɓaka don ƙara girma) da ramukan magudanar ruwa da mutum ya yi, waɗanda galibi suke bushewa a mafi yawan shekara. A cikin fall, yanayin sanyi yana kawo hadari, kuma ambaliya ba sabon abu ba ne. Wannan na iya ambaliya wasu ƙananan matsuguni, amma ba gaba ɗaya ya shafi 'yan ƙasa ko kasuwancin birni ba. Sai dai kuma, a wasu lokuta, tsawa mai karfin gaske na zubar da ruwa sosai a birnin wanda ke haifar da cunkoson jama'a da ma hasarar dukiya a yankunan da ke kasa. Guguwar yanayi mai zafi Allison a shekara ta 2001 ta yi muni sosai ta yadda da yawa daga cikin garuruwan da ba su taba yin ambaliya ba sun cika da ruwa mai tsanani. Interstate 10 kusa da cikin gari, wanda ke ƙasa da digiri, an rufe shi da ruwa sama da 10 ft (3.0 m). Wata guguwa ta sake faruwa a watan Yunin 2015 (Tropical Storm Bill) wanda ya yi irin wannan tasiri a Houston, wanda ya sa aka rufe manyan hanyoyi da dama saboda ambaliya ta bayou; Wannan taron ya biyo bayan ambaliyar ruwa daga 24-26 ga Mayu. Wata guguwa mai kama da ita a watan Afrilun 2016 ta haifar da tartsatsi, mummunar ambaliya a duk fadin Houston da kewaye a wani taron da aka fi sani da "Ranar Haraji". A karshen watan Agustan 2017, guguwar Harvey ta mamaye birnin Houston, inda ta yi mummunar barna da kuma mutuwar akalla 14. A daren ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2021, wata babbar guguwa mai tsananin gaske ta shafi Houston. Ya haifar da ruwan sama da ya kai inci 4 a kowace sa'a a wasu wuraren..

Guguwa

Ba kamar Dallas ba, Houston ba ta cikin Tornado Alley ba; duk da haka, ƙananan guguwa na iya faruwa a lokacin mummunan yanayi. Ana iya samun su a kan iyakokin gaba na iska a lokacin watanni na bazara. Guguwa a Houston yawanci auna EF1 mai rauni a kan sikelin Enhanced Fujita kuma yana haifar da haske zuwa matsakaiciyar lalacewa ga gine-ginen da aka gina da kyau. Guguwa mafi karfi da aka rubuta a tarihin Houston ita ce F4 a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1992, wani ɓangare na babban barkewar guguwa a cikin Harris County.

Guguwar hunturu

Yawancin lokaci akwai 'yan kwanaki na daskarewa (≤ 32 °F (0 °C) ° F (0 ° C)) yanayin zafi a kowace shekara, kodayake matsakaicin matsakaicin a watan Janairu, watan da ya fi sanyi, har yanzu yana da 43 °F (6 °C) ° F (6 ° C) ko 24 °F (−4 °C) ° F (-4 ° C).

Snow yana fadowa akai-akai a Birnin Magnolia. Lokacin da ya faru, yawanci yana narkewa nan da nan a ƙasa tare da tarin haske a kan rufin da kuma wuraren da aka ɗaga. Sai kawai abin da ba a saba gani ba ne yake tarawa a ƙasa. Tun daga shekara ta 1895, ya yi dusar ƙanƙara sau 39 a Houston a matsakaita kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3, kodayake wasu shekarun suna da lokuta da yawa na dusar ƙara yayin da wasu ke da ɗaya kawai kowannensu (misali, shekarun 1930 da 1950) da kuma shekaru goma inda babu dusar ƙana (1990s). Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara na ƙarshe da aka rubuta a Houston ya kasance a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2025. ^[11] Akwai karin abubuwan da suka faru na dusar ƙanƙara a cikin shekarun 1980 a matsakaita fiye da kowane shekaru goma da aka rubuta, amma shekarun 2000 sun kuma ga dusar ƙara mai yawa da rikodin rikodin.

Fabrairu 14-Fabrairu 15, 1895: inci 20 (51 na dusar ƙanƙara, mafi girman dusar ƙara daga guguwa ɗaya a rikodin.
Fabrairu 12, 1960: inci 4.4 (11 na dusar ƙanƙara.
Janairu 11, 1973: 2.0 inci (5.1 na dusar ƙanƙara.
Disamba 22, 1989: inci 1.7 °F (−14 °C) (4.3 na dusar ƙanƙara tare da rikodin rikodin 7 ° F (−14 ° C) a ranar 23 ga Disamba.
Disamba 10, 2008: An ɗaure rikodin dusar ƙanƙara na farko.
Disamba 4, 2009: Kashe rikodin dusar ƙanƙara na farko.
Disamba 7, 2017: 0.7 inci (2 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara.
Nuwamba 13, 2018 Rubuce-rubucen Snowfall na farko
Fabrairu 15, 2021

Janairu 31 2023- alamu

Fabrairu 1 2023- alamu
Janairu 21, 2025

Guguwar Kirsimeti ta 2004 ta kawo fararen Kirsimeti da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin. Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara ba shi da yawa, yana ƙasa da adadin da za a iya auna 0.1 inci (2.5 . A cikin tsari mai saukowa na mitar, mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi a watan Janairu, sannan Fabrairu, Disamba, Nuwamba, kuma a ƙarshe ya faru sau ɗaya a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1932, 22 °F (−6 °C) wanda kuma shine mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a wannan watan, 22 ° F (-6 ° C). ^[12]

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na ruwan sama mai sanyi, wanda aka fi sani da guguwar kankara, sun fi yawa fiye da dusar ƙanƙara a Houston. Wasu daga cikin guguwar kankara na baya-bayan nan sun faru a cikin 1997, 2007, Fabrairu 4, 2011 , da Janairu 28 , 2018. Wani abin da ya faru a daren nan ya faru daga 23 ga Janairu, 2014 zuwa 24 ga Janairu. Wani babban abin da ya yi ya faru bayan 'yan kwanaki a ranar 28 ga Janairu kuma wani abu na uku ya faru a ranar 4 ga Maris. Wadannan guguwa na iya zama masu tayar da hankali sosai tunda ma'aikatan hanya ba su da kayan aiki don magance irin waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da yawa a kan girman birnin.^[13] Lokacin da kankara ta faru, hanyoyi da makarantu yawanci ana rufe su.^[14]^[15] Ofishin Gudanar da Gaggawa na Birnin yana ƙarfafa direbobi su "guje wa tuki sai dai idan ya zama dole... idan hanyoyi suna cikin haɗarin kankara. " Yawanci, irin waɗannan guguwar kankara suna shafar yankunan arewa / yammacin metro, yayin da yankunan kudu / gabas suka bar ruwan sama mai sanyi kawai. ^[16] Guguwar kankara da ta faru a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2018, ta fara ne a matsayin ruwan sama mai sanyi na sa'o'i da yawa, kafin ta canza zuwa cakuda hunturu sannan a ƙarshe dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙara. Yanayin zafi ya fara ne a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin 30s kuma da sauri ya sauka zuwa 20s da rana, kafin ya nutse cikin matasa da maraice / dare, wanda ya sa duk ruwan sama ya juya zuwa kankara, tara kauri har zuwa 1" a wasu hanyoyi, gadoji, wucewa, yana mai da shi daya daga cikin mafi munin guguwar hunturu a cikin tarihin jihar Houston ya kasance mai haɗari sosai kuma yana lalatawa ga yankin Houston, farawa galibi a matsayin ruwan sama da ƙananan ƙanƙara ko'in da yawa a cikin lokacin da ke haɗuwa da yamma a cikin yankin Houston a cikin mafi yawan lokacin da ke canzawa a cikin Houston.

A lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño, hunturu na Houston sun fi sanyi kuma sun fi na al'ada saboda rafin jet na kudanci mai karfi, wanda zai iya kara tsawon Lokacin rigar al'ada a Houston. Ƙarin girgije a lokacin hunturu na El-Niño shine abin da ke hana yanayin zafi daga dumi. A lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na La Niña, kogin jet yana motsawa zuwa arewa, wanda ke haifar da hunturu mai zafi da bushewa. Halin lalacewa daga guguwa na wurare masu zafi da guguwa suma suna tashi a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na La Niña, saboda raguwar iska ta Atlantic. Yanayin bayan-El Niño a lokacin bazara yawanci yana haifar da karuwar ruwan sama, kamar yadda aka nuna a lokacin Ranar Tunawa ta 2015 da Ranar Haraji / Ranar Tunaakawa / farkon Yuni 2016 ambaliyar ruwa, inda yankin Houston Metro (da sauran jihar) suka sami yanayi mai kama da ruwan sama na Kudancin Asiya (a wannan yanayin, tsarin matsin lamba mai zurfi - yawanci daga matakin sama daga arewa maso gabashin Tekun Pacific, yana ƙaura zuwa gabas, inda kogin jet na arewacin arewacin arewa maso gabobin dutsen Madre na yau da kullun ya samo asali a yankin Four Corners ko Sierra Mexico Occidental).

Batutuwan muhalli

Rushewa da sake amfani a Filin jirgin saman George Bush Intercontinental

Houston ta sami matsala a baya tare da gurɓataccen iri da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda Houston ta kasance gida ga masana'antar mai da iskar gas tun lokacin da aka fara ta a farkon shekarun 1900, lokacin da akwai karancin tsarin muhalli. Harris County, inda yawancin birnin ya kasance a tarihi, gida ne ga shafuka 15 na Hukumar Kare Muhalli, fiye da kowane yanki a Texas. Jerin ya ƙunshi kamfanoni da yawa, tituna, da hanyoyin ruwa waɗanda aka ɗauka masu haɗari ga mutane ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Matsalolin muhalli na Houston sun samo asali ne daga dogon tarihin gurɓata. Ana iya la'akari da Houston a matsayin babban birnin iska mai sanyaya iska a duniya saboda birni mai zafi da zafi. Tun daga shekarun 1930, an gina iska mai sanyaya a cikin dukkan gine-ginen kasuwanci kamar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, malls, da kamfanoni. Ko da Astrodome yana da iska mai sanyaya, yana sa 'yan wasan baseball da magoya baya su gamsu da shekaru da yawa. Wannan ya haifar da yiwuwar rikicin makamashi; saboda shahararren iska mai sanyaya a Houston, farashin makamashi gabaɗaya ya fi na al'ada.

Rashin gurɓata iska

Houston sananne ne ga masana'antun man fetur da man fetur, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin birnin. Masana'antu da ke gefen tashar jirgin ruwa, tare da karuwar yawan jama'a, sun haifar da karuwar gurɓataccen iska ga birnin a kowace shekara. Houston tana da matakan ozone masu yawa kuma tana cikin manyan biranen da suka fi gurɓataccen ozone a Amurka. Ozone na ƙasa, ko smog, shine babbar matsalar gurɓata iska ta Houston. A shekara ta 2011, an sanya Houston a matsayin birni na 17 mafi gurɓata a Amurka, a cewar Ƙungiyar Lung ta Amurka.^[17] Wani kimantawa na 2007 ya gano wadannan abubuwa goma sha biyu masu gurɓata iska su zama ainihin haɗari ga kiwon lafiya a Houston: ^[18]

ozone - tasirin numfashi da na zuciya
ƙwayoyin ƙasa da _2.5 μm a diamita (PM2.5) - tasirin numfashi da na zuciya
kwayar cutar diesel (DPM) - ciwon daji
1,3-butadiene - ciwon daji da tasirin haifuwa
chromium na hexavalent - ciwon daji
benzene - ciwon daji
ethylene dibromide - ciwon daji
acrylonitrile - ciwon daji
formaldehyde - ciwon daji da tasirin numfashi
acrolein - tasirin numfashi
chlorine - tasirin numfashi
hexamethylene diisocyanate - tasirin huhu da numfashi

Jihar Texas ta kammala cewa, tun daga shekara ta 2000, unguwar Manchester a gabashin Houston tana da matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara na 1,3-butadiene na kowane yanki a Texas. Ana kwatanta ingancin iska na Houston da Los Angeles da Beijing.

Houston has introduced many programs since the 2000 federal order to reduce air pollution in the city.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[citation needed]} The most notable project was the METRORail light rail system constructed in 2004. The light rail system was designed to encourage Houstonians to utilize public transportation instead of their automobiles.

Ana gudanar da matsayi na gurɓata daga EPA da ALA dangane da ƙa'idodin ƙididdiga, suna mai da hankali sosai ga mafi munin kwanakin shekara; a matsakaita, matakan ozone a Houston sun fi ƙasa da waɗanda aka gani a wasu biranen ƙasar, saboda iskõki masu rinjaye daga Gulf waɗanda ke tabbatar da iska mai tsabta, iska mai tsabta.

Rashin gurɓata ruwa

↑ https://www.dw.com/ha/sauyin-yanayi/t-19135764
↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Climate". www.weather.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-17.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named normals
↑ "National - Average Relative Humidity". Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2006-12-14.
↑ "Heat watch: Houston ties all-time record high". 27 August 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
↑ "climate_iah". Archived from the original on 2010-06-21.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 "Houston IAH Extremes, Normals, and Annual Summaries". National Weather Service. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
↑ "CenterPoint says power restored to 262,000". 14 September 2008.
↑ "Storm Summary Number 17 for Tropical Storm Harvey". National Centers for Environmental Prediction.
↑ "NASA shows how Harvey saturated Texas". 17 August 2017.
↑ Hagerty, Michael (2025-01-21). "Snow day in Houston (Jan. 21, 2025)". Houston Public Media (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-21.
↑ "Average Weather for Houston, TX - Temperature and Precipitation". Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
↑ "Houston paralyzed by ice storm - Disaster News Network". www.disasternews.net. Archived from the original on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
↑ "Drivers urged to stay home during Houston's icy mess". Houston Chronicle. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
↑ "Cold and icy, Texas and Louisiana deal with winter - CNN.com". CNN. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
↑ "Climate". Archived from the original on 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2025-07-26.
↑ "City Mayors: The most polluted US cities".
↑ Sexton K, Linder SH, Marko D, Bethel H, Lupo PJ (2007). "Comparative Assessment of Air Pollution–Related Health Risks in Houston". Environ Health Perspect. 115 (10): 1388–93. doi:10.1289/ehp.10043. PMC 2022677. PMID 17938725.

[1] ttps://www.dw.com/ha/sauyin-yanayi/t-19135764

[2] US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Climate". www.weather.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-17.

[normals-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named normals

[4] "National - Average Relative Humidity". Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2006-12-14.

[5] "Heat watch: Houston ties all-time record high". 27 August 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2025.

[6] "climate_iah". Archived from the original on 2010-06-21.

[National_Weather_Service-7] 7.0 ^7.1 "Houston IAH Extremes, Normals, and Annual Summaries". National Weather Service. Retrieved June 5, 2021.

[8] "CenterPoint says power restored to 262,000". 14 September 2008.

[9] "Storm Summary Number 17 for Tropical Storm Harvey". National Centers for Environmental Prediction.

[10] "NASA shows how Harvey saturated Texas". 17 August 2017.

[11] Hagerty, Michael (2025-01-21). "Snow day in Houston (Jan. 21, 2025)". Houston Public Media (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-21.

[12] "Average Weather for Houston, TX - Temperature and Precipitation". Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2019-07-05.

[13] "Houston paralyzed by ice storm - Disaster News Network". www.disasternews.net. Archived from the original on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2015-11-23.

[14] "Drivers urged to stay home during Houston's icy mess". Houston Chronicle. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-23.

[15] "Cold and icy, Texas and Louisiana deal with winter - CNN.com". CNN. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-23.

[16] "Climate". Archived from the original on 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2025-07-26.

[17] "City Mayors: The most polluted US cities".

[Sexton-18] Sexton K, Linder SH, Marko D, Bethel H, Lupo PJ (2007). "Comparative Assessment of Air Pollution–Related Health Risks in Houston". Environ Health Perspect. 115 (10): 1388–93. doi:10.1289/ehp.10043. PMC 2022677. PMID 17938725.

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