Sauyin yanayi na Turkiyya

Yanayin Turkiyya ya bambanta kuma gabaɗaya yana da matsakaici, tare da yankunan da ke kan iyakar Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya waɗanda bakin teku suka shafa sosai, kuma ciki ya bushe kuma ya fi nahiyar.

Yankunan bakin teku a kudancin rabin kasar, gami da Antalya, Izmir Ada Adana da yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum, tare da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe da sanyi, hunturu mai ruwan sama. Yankunan bakin teku a arewa sun fi sanyi kuma suna da zafi ko kuma suna da sanyi, sau da yawa ruwan sama kuma a wasu lokuta hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma lokacin zafi.

Ƙananan tsaunuka na ciki gabaɗaya na nahiyar ne, kuma suna da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe, da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara. Ruwan sama na hunturu ya bambanta sosai, yana haifar da tsarin ruwan sama mai zafi kusa da yankuna kamar Bitlis, yayin da wuraren da ruwan sama ke inuwa suna da tsaka-tsaki. A kan tsaunuka masu tsawo, tsaunuka waɗanda duk da haka suna ba da izinin zama na dindindin, kamar Kars da Ardahan, suna da tsaunuka kuma wani lokacin subalpine, tare da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma lokacin rani mai laushi.

Lokacin rani mai bushewa a kudu da yamma, tare da matsakaiciyar bushewa a cikin ciki ya sa ƙasar ta kasance mai saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi.

Yankuna

Yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum

"Gaskiya" Yanayin Bahar Rum

Yanayin "gaskiya", ko kuma eu-Mediterranean (Köppen: 'Cs', Trewartha: Cs) ya wanzu a matakin teku daga bakin tekun Antakya zuwa kusa da Muğla, da arewa zuwa kusa da Manisa, wanda galibi ana ɗaukarsa iyakar arewa.^[1] Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana tsakanin 17-20 ° C (63-68 ° F); hunturu yana da ma'ana a kusa da 7-10 ° C (45-50 ° F), yayin da bazara ke da matsakaicin yanayin tsakanin 26-29 ° C (79-84 ° F). Ruwan sama ya kai kimanin 600-1,200 millimeters (24-47 in), duk ruwan sama. Lokacin bazara kusan babu ruwan sama, yayin da hunturu ke samun yalwa, kuma wani lokacin adadi mai yawa. Ruwan sama na hunturu ya dogara da yanayin yankin, tare da rufe bays na iska mai haɗuwa, [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] kamar Antalya, samun kusan sau biyu yawan ruwan sama a matsayin wuraren da aka kare guguwa kamar Mersin. ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Duwatsun da ke kewaye da yankin har yanzu suna nuna yanayin ruwan sama na Bahar Rum, amma suna da lokacin rani mai sauƙi da yanayin sanyi a lokacin hunturu, suna haifar da yanki wanda za'a iya kira oro-Mediterranean.^[1]

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Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara
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Yanayin da ya gabata na Bahar Rum

YanaYi da ya gabata na Bahar Rum (Turkish: Akdeniz sâhil 48:1 iklimi, <sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" mwxa="" rel="dcDc" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Climate_of_Turkey#cite_note-:1-3 [1]] KöKöppen, TrTrewartha / Do / Dc) ya wanzu a yankunan da ke da tsarin yanayin Bahar Rum ya rinjayi, musamman a kuCsa AeAegean KuKudu maso gabashin Anatolia yanayin zafi yana tsakanin 14-18 ° C (57-64 ° F) tare da hunturu yana nufin kusan 1-6 ° C (34-43 ° F), kuma lokacin rani yana da zafi kamar (ko zafi fiye da) Bahar Rum. Ruwan sama yana bin tsarin yankin Bahar Rum, amma hasken rana wani lokacin yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma yawan hazo ya fi ƙasa da yankin Bahar Maliya, tsakanin 400-800 millimeters (16-31 in). Snow kuma na iya faɗuwa a wannan yanki, ba kamar yankin Bahar Rum na bakin teku ba.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yankin canji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin zafi na rani na Marmara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sub-Mediterranean, tsire-tsire masu tsayi, kusa da İzIzmit
Yanayin da ke kusa da Tekun Marmara (Turkiyya: Marmara geçiş iklimi, lit. 'Sauyin rikon kwarya na Marmara', [1] Köppen: Csa/Csb/Cfa/Cfb, Trewartha: Cs/Cf/Do) yana da rikitarwa, tsaka-tsaki kuma sau da yawa microclimatic. Ya kewaya tekun, ya rufe Bursa, Bilecik, İzmit ta kudu da İstanbul, da kuma Tekirdağ. Sau da yawa na meso- ko supra-Mediterranean inganci a matakin teku; ciyayi a matakin teku suna kama da ƙananan tsaunuka na yankin “gaskiya” na Bahar Rum, tare da itatuwan itacen oak masu jure zafin zafi da bishiyu na lokaci-lokaci, irin su beech.[2] Sabili da haka, ana la'akari da shi mai sauƙi ne kuma ba a cikin wurare masu zafi a Turkiyya ba, kuma Bohn, a wani bincike na ciyayi da yanayi na Turai, ya kira yanayin yankin tsakiyar tsakiyar Mediterranean..^[2]^[3]
A Matsakaicin yanayin zafinsa yana kusa da 12-15 °C (54-59 °F) a matakin teku. Lokacin bazara gabaɗaya yana da sanyi ga Bahar Rum, amma dumi ga yanayin teku, tare da yanayin 20-25 °C (68–77 °F), bambanta akan ma'aunin yanayi. Lokacin hunturu yana nufin kewayo tsakanin 2-6 °C (36-43 °F), tare da raguwar raguwar ƙarar ƙasa. Hazo ya kai milimita 600-1,100 (24-43 in). Lokacin sanyi yana da gajimare sosai, tare da yawan ruwan damina ya zarce yawancin Turai; yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ke faɗo lokaci-lokaci, sau da yawa tare da tasirin teku. Lokacin bazara yana da ɗan bushewa, amma yana nuna tsawa lokaci-lokaci, wani lokacin mai tsanani; Tare da yankin yanayin yanayin tekun Black Sea gabas, yankunan da ke kusa da Tekun Marmara suna da aikin tsawa mafi girma a farkon da ƙarshen lokacin rani..^[4]

Duwatsu a nan sau da yawa suna sauyawa cikin sauri zuwa yanayin sub-pine, musamman Uludağ.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin yanayi na Thracian
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shuke-shuke da itatuwa masu ƙarancin girma, Kırklareli.
Yankunan cikin gida a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Marmara suna da yanaYi mai sauƙi, mai laushi (Köppen: 'Cs' / Cf, Trewartha: Cs / Cf / Do), tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi wanda ya dace da na Tekun Marmar, duk da cewa tare da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara da lokacin rani mai zafi. Shuke-shuke a nan sune pre-steppic, galibi itacen oak savanna.^[1]

Wannan yanki yana da kamanceceniya da yanayin da ya gabata na Bahar Rum a kudu, amma hasken rana, ruwan sama mai sauƙi na hunturu da kuma lokacin rani mai laushi ya bambanta su biyu. Lokacin tsawa na yankin ya kai kololuwa a watan Mayu da farkon Yuni, wanda ya haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin da ya gabata fiye da na Tekun Marmara.^[4]

Climate data for {{{location}}}

Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin zafi na teku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin Yammacin Pontic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Quercus petraea da gandun daji na Fagus sylvatica, arewacin Istanbul. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span>]}
YanaYi mai laushi, mai laushi (Köppen: Cf / Cfb, Trewartha: Cf / Do) ya wanzu daga arewacin gabar Istanbul zuwa İnInebolu a matakin teku a kusa da gabar TekTekun Baƙi-shuke ne masu laushi, kuma suna kama da yankin sama da na Bahar Rum a matakin teku, kodayake yana daga cikin wani yanki daban-daban, musamman EuxEuxinic]^[1]

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana kusa da 12-14 ° C (54-57 ° F) a matakin teku, tare da lokacin rani yana nufin kusan 20-23 ° C (68-73 ° F) kuma hunturu yana nufin kusan 4-6 ° C (39-43 ° F). Ana rarraba ruwan sama sosai kuma yana da yawa, gabaɗaya a kusa da 900-1,500 millimeters (35-59 in) tare da tsarin bushewa na bazara, maimakon bushewar bazara. Snowfall na hunturu kusan daidai yake da yankin Marmara, amma iska ta Foehn ce ke kawo yanayin hunturu.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Tsire-tsire masu matsakaici da tsire-tsalle na Bahar Rum tare, kusa da Samsun.

A wuraren da aka kare a kusa da Sinop da Samsun, yanayin (Köppen: Cf, Trewartha: Cf) ya fi bushewa da dumi fiye da yankin Yammacin Pontic, amma ya ɗan sanyi, kuma ya fi bushe fiye da yankin Gabashin Pontic. Shuke-shuke na Meso-Mediterranean sun sake fitowa a nan, kuma suna tare da gandun daji mai zurfi.^[1] Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana kusa da 13-15 ° C (55-59 ° F), tare da lokacin rani yana nufin kusan 22-25 ° C (72-77 ° F) kuma hunturu yana nufin kusan 6-8 ° C (43-46 ° F). Ruwan sama ya biyo bayan rarraba yankin gaba ɗaya, amma yankin ba shi da danshi fiye da yadda ake tsammani a duk lokutan.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin Gabashin Pontic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dajin girgije mai sanyi, kusa da Giresun.
Yayin da bakin tekun Black Sea ke ɗaukar hanyar kudu maso yammacin arewa maso gabas, ruwan sama yana ƙaruwa, kuma yana samar da yanayin kusa da subtropical, yanayin zafi sosai (Köppen: Cf, Trewartha: Cf) wanda ya zama ruwan dare a gabashin yankin Black Sea. Da yake nuna gandun daji masu zafi, yanayin zafi yana da ɗan dumi fiye da yankin canji a yamma, amma ruwan sama a wannan yankin kusan koyaushe ne mitar, ya bambanta kawai da ƙarfi. Adadin ruwan sama kuma yana da yawa a 1,500-2,500 millimeters (59-98 in), tare da tsarin bushewa na bazara. Wasu sassan yankin suna samun ƙasa da sa'o'i 1,200 na hasken rana, ƙimar da ke ƙasa da Yammacin Turai kuma sun fi dacewa da yankuna masu tasowa.^[5]

Mountains in this region have a perhumid, alpine climate with verdant meadows (Turkish: yayla) alternating with krummholz and boreal forests.^[6]

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin yanayi na nahiyar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin yanayi na Pre-Pontic sub-humid
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsohon garin Kastamonu.

Tsakanin yanayin zafi na Pontic da yanayin tsaka-tsaki ƙasa, yanayin ƙasa mai zafi zuwa mai zafi (Turkish: Karadeniz sâhil 48:1 iklimi, lit. '', <sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" mwavo="" rel="dcDc" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Climate_of_Turkey#cite_note-:1-3 [1]] KöKöppen, TrTrewartha) ya wanzu, musamman kusa da KaKastamonu yanayin zafi yana kusa da 8-11 ° C (46-52 ° F), tare da matsakaicin 18-21 ° C (64-70 ° F) a lokacin watan da ya fi zafi kuma hunturu yana nufin ƙasa da alamar daskarewa. Ruwan sama yana kusa da 500 millimeters (20 in), tare da lokacin guguwa.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin arewa maso gabashin nahiyar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin kogi a Ruwa da Kars.

arewa maso gabashin kasar, sau da yawa a cikin tsaunuka sama da mita 1,500 (4,900 , ba a lura da yanayin bushewa na rani ba, kuma yanayi na musamman, na nahiyar (Köppen: Dfb / Dfc, Trewartha: Dc / Ec) yana kusa da Kars da Ardahan. A nan, matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana sama da alamar daskarewa, yayin da lokacin rani ke kusa da 15 °C (59 °F) ° C (59 ° F). Lokacin hunturu shine mafi tsanani a cikin ƙasar, tare da raguwa a ƙasa da -18 ° C (0 ° F). Ruwan sama yana kusa da 500-700 millimeters (20-28 in) tare da farkon lokacin bazara.

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin ruwan sama na Orographic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bitlis a lokacin hunturu.

Tunda ga kan tuddai na Anti-Taurus da Zagros A kan tuddai na tsaunukan Anti-Taurus da Zagros, kudu da tsaunukan Armeniya da, gabaɗaya, kusa da tsaunin nahiya na bel na kudancin Alpide a Turkiyya, ruwan sama da aka haifar da orographically ya haifar da yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum (Köppen: Dsa/Dsb, Trewartha: Dc), hazo mai girma. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a kusa da 8-12 °C (46-54 °F) tare da lokacin sanyi yana nufin kusan -3 °C (27 °F) da kuma yanayin zafi mai matsakaici tsakanin 21–25 °C (70–77 °F). Hazo ya fi yin nauyi a farkon bazara, tare da jimlar sama da milimita 800 (31 in). Lokacin sanyi yana da dusar ƙanƙara sosai. Duk da wannan hazo mai yawa, bushewar lokacin rani yana kiyaye ciyayi a yankin kafin taki.^[7]

Climate data for {{{location}}}

Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Yanayin yanayi na nahiyar da ba shi da ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Iğdır, wanda ke da aljihu na yanayin tsaka-tsaki a waje da yanayin yanayi.

A cikin busassun wurare a Tsakiyan da Gabashin Anatoliya, suna da yanayi mai ƙazamin ruwa, lokaci-lokaci ƙasa mai ɗanɗano (Köppen: BSk/Dsa, Trewartha: BS/Dc) yana ɗauka, saboda babban inuwar ruwan sama daga kowane bangare. Anan, lokacin rani yana nufin kewayo a kusa da 22-25 °C (72–77 °F), yayin da lokacin hunturu ke kusa da daskarewa, matsakaicin zuwa kusan 10–13 °C (50–55 °F). Hazo ya yi karanci a kusan milimita 300-400 (12-16 in), kuma mafi nauyi a ƙarshen bazara.

Climate data for {{{location}}}

Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara

^{[Ana bukatan hujja]}

Canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Climate change in Turkey' not found

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Biltekin, Demet. "Vegetation and Climate of North Anatolian and North Aegean Region Since 7 Ma According to Pollen Analysis". HAL.

↑ Sensoy, Ferhat; Demircan, Mesut; Ulupınar, Yusuf; Balta, İzzet. "Türkiye İklimi" (PDF). Turkish State Meteorological Service: 5. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

↑ "G30: West Euxinian sessile oak-Balkan oak forests (Quercus frainetto, Quercus iberica, partly with Quercus hartwissiana) with Mespilus germanica, Sesleria alba | Sites | Recent | IPR database". iprdatabase.eu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2023-07-15.

↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Taszarek, Mateusz; Allen, John; Púčik, Tomáš; Groenemeijer, Pieter; Czernecki, Bartosz; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Lagouvardos, Kostas; Kotroni, Vasiliki; Schulz, Wolfgang (2019-03-15). "A Climatology of Thunderstorms across Europe from a Synthesis of Multiple Data Sources". Journal of Climate (in Turanci). 32 (6): 1813–1837. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0372.1. ISSN 0894-8755.

↑ "Giresun". MGM.

↑ "C45: West Low Caucasian krummholz and open woodlands (Betula litwinowii, Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis, Acer trautvetteri) with Quercus pontica, Betula medwediewii, scrub (Rhododendron caucasicum) with Rhododendron ungernii, tall-herb communities (Ligusticum alatum, Milium schmidtianum) with Heracleum cyclocarpum, Heracleum mantegazzianum and grasslands (Agrostis planifolia, Geranium platypetalum) with Euphorbia oblongifolia, Astragalus bachmarensis | Sites | Recent | IPR database". iprdatabase.eu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2023-07-15.

↑ Atalay, Ibrahim (1986). "Vegetation formations of Turkey". Travaux de l'Institut de Géographie de Reims. 65 (1): 17–30. doi:10.3406/tigr.1986.1183.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Biltekin, Demet. "Vegetation and Climate of North Anatolian and North Aegean Region Since 7 Ma According to Pollen Analysis". HAL.

[tsms3-2] Sensoy, Ferhat; Demircan, Mesut; Ulupınar, Yusuf; Balta, İzzet. "Türkiye İklimi" (PDF). Turkish State Meteorological Service: 5. Retrieved 15 July 2023.

[3] "G30: West Euxinian sessile oak-Balkan oak forests (Quercus frainetto, Quercus iberica, partly with Quercus hartwissiana) with Mespilus germanica, Sesleria alba | Sites | Recent | IPR database". iprdatabase.eu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2023-07-15.

[:2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Taszarek, Mateusz; Allen, John; Púčik, Tomáš; Groenemeijer, Pieter; Czernecki, Bartosz; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Lagouvardos, Kostas; Kotroni, Vasiliki; Schulz, Wolfgang (2019-03-15). "A Climatology of Thunderstorms across Europe from a Synthesis of Multiple Data Sources". Journal of Climate (in Turanci). 32 (6): 1813–1837. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0372.1. ISSN 0894-8755.

[5] "Giresun". MGM.

[6] "C45: West Low Caucasian krummholz and open woodlands (Betula litwinowii, Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis, Acer trautvetteri) with Quercus pontica, Betula medwediewii, scrub (Rhododendron caucasicum) with Rhododendron ungernii, tall-herb communities (Ligusticum alatum, Milium schmidtianum) with Heracleum cyclocarpum, Heracleum mantegazzianum and grasslands (Agrostis planifolia, Geranium platypetalum) with Euphorbia oblongifolia, Astragalus bachmarensis | Sites | Recent | IPR database". iprdatabase.eu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2023-07-15.

[7] Atalay, Ibrahim (1986). "Vegetation formations of Turkey". Travaux de l'Institut de Géographie de Reims. 65 (1): 17–30. doi:10.3406/tigr.1986.1183.

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