Selective mutism
| Selective mutism | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
speech disorder (en) Matsalar damuwa |
| Field of study (en) |
psychiatry (en) Ilimin halin dan Adam |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10 | F94.0 |
| ICD-9 | 309.83 da 313.23 |
| MedlinePlus | 001546 |
| eMedicine | 001546 |
Mutism na zaɓi ( SM ) wata cuta ce ta damuwa wadda ke shafar mutum wanda yake da ikon magana kuma ba ya magana lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga takamaiman yanayi, wurare na musamman, ko ga takamaiman mutane, ɗaya ko da yawa daga cikinsu suna zama abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan . Mutism na zaɓi yawanci yana tare da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa . [1] Mutanen da ke da mutism na zaɓi suna yin shiru ko da sakamakon shirunsu ya haɗa da kunya, wariya ta zamantakewa, ko hukunci. A wasu lokuta, mutumin yana son yin magana amma yana jin kamar ba zai iya bayyana kalmomin ba.
Alamomi da Alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]DSM-5 ta bayyana rashin jituwa a matsayin wani abu mai wahala wajen yin magana a wasu wurare na zamantakewa inda ake sa ran yin magana, kamar a makaranta, duk da cewa akwai damar yin magana a wasu yanayi. Bai kamata alamun su kasance na ɗan lokaci ba kuma dole ne su shafi ikon mutum na yin aiki a wani yanayi. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yiwuwar wasu cututtukan. [1] [ ]
Yara da manya masu son maye gurbi suna da cikakken ikon magana da fahimtar harshe amma suna iya zama ba za su iya magana a wasu yanayi ba, ko da ana sa ran yin magana daga gare su. Wannan hali ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin jin kunya ga wasu ko rashin kunya ga wasu. Yaro mai son maye gurbi na iya yin shiru gaba ɗaya a makaranta tsawon shekaru amma yana magana da 'yanci ko ma fiye da haka a gida. Akwai bambancin matsayi tsakanin mutanen da ke da wannan cuta: wasu mutane suna shiga cikin ayyukan da suka dace kuma suna bayyana a cikin zamantakewa amma ba sa magana, wasu za su yi magana da takwarorinsu kawai amma ba ga manya ba, wasu za su yi magana da manya idan aka yi musu tambayoyi da ke buƙatar amsoshi kaɗan amma ba za su taɓa yin magana da takwarorinsu ba, wasu kuma ba sa magana da kowa kuma suna shiga cikin ayyukan kaɗan, idan akwai, da aka gabatar musu. A cikin wani yanayi mai tsanani da aka sani da "son maye gurbi mai ci gaba", wannan cuta tana ci gaba har sai mutumin da ke da wannan yanayin ya daina magana da kowa a kowane yanayi, har ma da danginsa na kusa.
Tsarin maye gurbi na zaɓi yana da alaƙa sosai da wasu matsalolin damuwa, musamman matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa . A gaskiya ma, yawancin yaran da aka gano suna da tsarin maye gurbi na zaɓi suma suna da matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa (100% na mahalarta a cikin bincike biyu da 97% a wani). [2] [3] [4]
Musamman a cikin ƙananan yara, maye gurbi na zaɓi wani lokaci ana iya haɗuwa da matsalar autism, musamman idan yaron ya yi aiki musamman a kusa da likitan bincikensa, wanda zai iya haifar da ganewar asali da magani mara kyau. Duk da cewa mutane da yawa masu autism suma suna yin shiru, sau da yawa suna nuna wasu halaye - motsawa, halaye masu maimaitawa, warewar zamantakewa har ma a tsakanin 'yan uwa (misali ba koyaushe suna amsa suna ba) - waɗanda ke bambanta su da yaron da ke da maye gurbi na zaɓi kawai. Wasu mutanen autism na iya zama shiru saboda damuwa a cikin yanayin zamantakewa da ba a saba gani ba. Idan maye gurbi ya faru ne gaba ɗaya saboda matsalar autism, ba za a iya gano shi a matsayin maye gurbi na zaɓi kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin abu na ƙarshe akan jerin da ke sama ba.
Tsohon sunan maye gurbi na zaɓe yana nuna rashin fahimta tsakanin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam cewa mutane masu shiru suna zaɓar yin shiru a wasu yanayi, yayin da gaskiyar magana ita ce sau da yawa suna son yin magana amma ba sa iya yin hakan. Don nuna yanayin wannan cuta ba da gangan ba, an canza sunan zuwa maye gurbi na zaɓe a cikin 1994, kodayake wannan sunan har yanzu yana da ce-ce-ku-ce. Alice Sluckin ce ta fara ba da shawarar sunan maye gurbi na yanayi, kuma wasu masu fafutuka da masu bincike kan autism kamar Damian Milton sun yi amfani da shi, [5] suna jayayya cewa sunan na yanzu har yanzu yana ɗauke da ma'anar cewa mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna zaɓar zama bebe. [6]
Ba a tabbatar da yawan masu kamuwa da wannan cuta ta hanyar maye gurbi ba. Saboda rashin fahimtar wannan yanayin da jama'a ke yi, da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka kamu da wannan cuta ba a gano su ba. Dangane da adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar, ana kiyasta cewa adadin ya kai 1 cikin 1000, 0.1%. [1] Duk da haka, wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2002 a cikin Jaridar The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ya kiyasta cewa adadin ya kai 0.71%. [2]
Wasu alamomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar binciken Dr. Elisa Shipon-Blum, baya ga rashin magana, mutanen da ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi sau da yawa suna nuna wasu halaye da halaye na yau da kullun, kamar: [7] [8] [9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Viana, A. G.; Beidel, D. C.; Rabian, B. (2009). "Selective mutism: A review and integration of the last 15 years". Clinical Psychology Review. 29 (1): 57–67. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.09.009. PMID 18986742.
- ↑ Dummit, E. Steven; Klein, Rachel G.; Tancer, Nancy K.; Asche, Barbara; Martin, Jacqueline; Fairbanks, Janet A. (May 1997). "Systematic Assessment of 50 Children With Selective Mutism". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 36 (5): 653–660. doi:10.1097/00004583-199705000-00016. PMID 9136500.
- ↑ Vecchio, J. L.; Kearney, C. A. (2005). "Selective Mutism in Children: Comparison to Youths with and Without Anxiety Disorders". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 27: 31–37. doi:10.1007/s10862-005-3263-1. S2CID 144770110.
- ↑ Black, B.; Uhde, T. W. (1995). "Psychiatric Characteristics of Children with Selective Mutism: A Pilot Study". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 34 (7): 847–856. doi:10.1097/00004583-199507000-00007. PMID 7649954.
- ↑ Milton, Damian EM; Green, Jonathan (2024-04-01). "Theorising autism". Autism (in Turanci). 28 (4): 795–797. doi:10.1177/13623613241235786. ISSN 1362-3613. PMID 38468386 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Marsh, Emma (2025-05-05). "All About Situational Mutism: A Guide for Allies". Reframing Autism (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-12.
- ↑ Muris, Peter; Ollendick, Thomas H. (January 19, 2021). "Selective Mutism and Its Relations to Social Anxiety Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 24 (2): 294–325. doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00342-0. ISSN 1573-2827. PMC 8131304 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33462750. - ↑ Cohan, Sharon L.; Chavira, Denise A.; Shipon-Blum, Elisa; Hitchcock, Carla; Roesch, Scott C.; Stein, Murray B. (August 23, 2010). "Refining the classification of children with selective mutism: a latent profile analysis". Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 37 (4): 770–784. doi:10.1080/15374410802359759. ISSN 1537-4424. PMC 2925839. PMID 18991128.
- ↑ Perednik, Ruth (1 June 2012). "An interview with Ruth Perednik: treating selective mutism". North American Journal of Psychology. 14 (2): 365. Samfuri:Gale ProQuest 1013609961.
Many are above average in intelligence, creative, and sensitive to others thoughts and feelings.