Sepik languages
| Sepik languages | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification |
|
| Glottolog | sepi1257[1] |
Harsunan Sepik ko Sepik River iyali ne na wasu Harsunan Papua 50 da ake magana a cikin Kogin Sepik na arewacin Papua New Guinea, wanda Donald Laycock ya gabatar a 1965 a cikin wani nau'i mai iyaka fiye da wanda aka gabatar a nan. Suna da sautuna masu sauƙi, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyi ko wasula kuma yawanci babu sautuna.
Harshen Sepik da aka fi nazarin shi ne Iatmul . Mafi yawan jama'a sune yarukan Iatmul na Ndu Abelam da Boiken, tare da kusan masu magana 35,000 kowannensu.
Harsunan Sepik, kamar maƙwabtansu na Ramu, sun bayyana suna da tsarin sautuna uku, /ɨ ə a/, wanda ke rarrabe tsayin sautuna kawai a cikin tsarin sautunan tsaye. Phonetic [i e o u] sune sakamakon daidaitawa na baki da labial zuwa sassan da ke kusa. Ana zargin cewa harsunan Ndu na iya rage wannan zuwa tsarin sautuna biyu, tare da /ɨ/ epenthetic (Foley 1986).
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harsunan Sepik sun kunshi rassa biyu na shirin Sepik-Ramu na Laycock na Kandru, Sepik subphylum da Leonhard Schultze stock. A cewar Malcolm Ross, dangantakar waje mafi kyau ba tare da Ramu ba, Laycock, amma tare da Iyalin Torricelli.
Palmer (2018) ya rarraba Harsunan Leonhard Schultze a matsayin harshe mai zaman kansa.
Usher (2020)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin cladogram da ke ƙasa, ƙananan iyalai masu alaƙa da juna a cikin bold a ƙarshen rassan an rufe su a cikin labarai daban-daban.
Foley (2018)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Foley (2018) yana ba da rarrabuwa mai zuwa, tare da manyan rassa 6 da aka gane.
Kamar makwabta na Harsunan Torricelli, amma ba kamar sauran harsunan Sepik ba, harsunan Ram da Yellow River ba su da gine-ginen sarƙoƙi (don misali na ginin sarƙoƙoƙi a cikin harshen Trans-New Guinea, duba harshen Kamano # Sarƙoƙi). Foley (2018) ya nuna cewa yawancin mutanen da ke magana da Ram da Yellow River na iya kasancewa masu magana da Torricelli waɗanda daga baya mutanen da ke da Sepik suka daidaita su. : 298 :298
Foley ya rarraba Harsunan Leonhard Schultze daban a matsayin dangin harshe mai zaman kansa.
Wakilan sunaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wakilan da Ross ya sake ginawa don proto-Sepik sune:
Lura kamanceceniya na nau'i biyu da jam'i tare da na Harsunan Torricelli.
Ross ya sake gina sunayen biyu don "proto-Upper Sepik" (a zahiri, Abau-Iwam da Wogamusin (Tama)). Waɗannan su ne saitin tsoho (Saiti na I), da kuma saiti tare da "wasu ayyukan hulɗa da na aiki" (tebur 1.27):
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sepi1257
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.