Shōsōin
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| Shōsōin | |
|---|---|
| 正倉院 | |
| Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara | |
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Japan |
Region of Japan (en)  | Kansai region (en) |
| Prefecture of Japan (en) | Nara Prefecture (en) |
| Core city of Japan (en) | Nara (en) |
| Coordinates | 34°41′31″N 135°50′19″E / 34.6919°N 135.8386°E |
 | |
| History and use | |
| Opening | 756 |
| Mai-iko | Government of Japan (en) |
| Manager (en) | Office of the Shōsōin Treasure House |
| Suna saboda | shōsō (en) |
| Suna | Emperor Meiji (en) |
| Karatun gine-gine | |
| Style (en) | azekura-zukuri (en) |
| Tsawo | 14 m |
| Faɗi | 9.4 meters |
| Tsawo | 33 meters |
| Heritage | |
| Lua error a mw.lua, layi na 656: invalid value (nil) at index 1 in table for 'concat'. | |
| Offical website | |
Shōsō-in (正倉院) ita ce Gidan dukiya na Haikali na Tōdai-ji a Nara, Japan . [1] Ginin yana cikin salon azekura (log-cabin) tare da bene mai ɗagawa. Yana kwance a arewa maso yammacin Babban Buddha Hall . Gidan Shōsō-in yana da kayan tarihi da ke da alaƙa da Sarkin sarakuna Shōmu (聖武天皇, 701-756) da Sarauniyar Kōmyō (光明皇后, 701-760), da kuma zane-zane da sana'o'i na zamanin Tempyō (天平) na tarihin Japan.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sarki Shōmu ne ya kafa ginin haikalin Tōdai-ji na addinin Buddha a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ƙasa na gina haikalin Buddha. A lokacin Tempyō, shekarun da Sarki Shōmu ya yi sarauta, bala'o'i da yawa sun afka wa Japan da kuma rikicin siyasa da annoba. Saboda waɗannan dalilai Sarki Shōmu ya ƙaddamar da aikin haikalin lardin. [1] [ma'anar zagaye] An naɗa Tōdai-ji a matsayin babban haikalin waɗannan haikalin lardin. Sarki Shōmu babban mai goyon bayan addinin Buddha ne kuma yana tunanin zai ƙarfafa ikonsa na tsakiya. Asalin wurin ajiyar Shōsō-in na Tōdai-ji ya samo asali ne tun daga shekara ta 756, lokacin da Sarauniya Kōmyō ta sadaukar da abubuwa sama da 600 ga Babban Buddha a Tōdai-ji don bayyana ƙaunarta ga mijinta da ya ɓace, Sarki Shōmu, wanda ya mutu kwanaki 49 da suka gabata. [2] An bayar da gudummawarta sau biyar a cikin shekaru da yawa, sannan aka adana a Shōsō-in. A lokacin Heian, an canja wurin adadi mai yawa na taskoki, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kayayyaki da kayan aiki da ake amfani da su a muhimman ayyukan addinin Buddha daga wani rumbun ajiya daban da ake kira Kensakuin zuwa Tōdai-ji.
Bayan Maidowar Meiji, ya zo ƙarƙashin gwamnatin ƙasa, kuma tun lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II ya kasance ƙarƙashin gudanarwar Hukumar Gida ta Imperial. Yana cikin rajistar UNESCO na wuraren tarihi na duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Tarihin Tarihi na Tsohon Nara. Har ila yau, dukiyar kasa ce ta Japan.
Gine-gine
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ginin yana cikin salon Azekura Zukuri log-cabin, tare da bene da aka ɗaga zuwa kusan 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) in) takayuka-shiki (高床式). Wannan salon gine-gine ne wanda aka fi amfani dashi don gina hatsi da ɗakunan ajiya. Wasu siffofi na musamman na wannan salon gini sune triangular, katako na katako waɗanda suka haɗu a kusurwoyi, da kuma gaskiyar cewa an haɗa shi ba tare da amfani da ƙuƙwalwa ko ƙusa ba. Wannan na iya zama ɗan mamaki saboda tsayinsa na 14 metres (46 ft) , faɗin 33 metres (108 ft) da zurfin kusan 9.3 metres (31 ft) . [2] Koyaya, mataki ne mai ma'ana da basira. A sakamakon tara ɗakin ajiya ba tare da ƙuƙwalwa ko ƙusa ba, tsarin ya zama mai sauƙi sosai kuma yana iya tsayayya da girgizar ƙasa, wani abu na yanayi wanda Japan ta riga ta saba da shi a Lokacin Nara. Shōsō-in kuma shine kawai ginin da ya tsira daga Siege na Nara a zamanin Heian. Ba a san ainihin ranar ginin ba, amma ayyukan gini tabbas sun fara ne ba da daɗewa ba bayan gadon sarauniyar a AD 756 kuma tabbas an gama su kafin AD 759, lokacin da aka kammala jerin abubuwan ajiya.
Adana kayan tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun da Shōsō-in ya zama wurin adana abubuwa (masu mahimmanci), an gina shi don ƙirƙirar tsarin tsarin yanayi na halitta. An halicci wannan tsarin tsarin tsarin yanayi ta hanyar ɗaga bene zuwa tsawo na 2.7 m. Wannan ya sa iska ta bazu a ƙarƙashin ginin kuma ya kare tsarin daga danshi a lokaci guda. Baya ga wannan, a cikin 'yan shekarun farko bayan an gina shi, katako na triangular na cypress na Japan na iya aiki a matsayin mai kula da zafi da zafin jiki. An adana kayan tarihi da kansu a cikin akwati da aka yi da itacen al'ul, wanda aka sani da tsayinsa. Wadannan akwati sun kasance 90-110 cm tsawo, 60-70 cm fadi da 40-50 cm tsawo. Ba kawai ginin da kansa ba har ma da waɗannan akwatunan an ɗaga su daga ƙasa. Duk waɗannan gyare-gyare sun ba da damar adana dukiyar a cikin cikakkiyar yanayi.
Dukiyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shōsō-in a yau yana da abubuwa kusan 9,000, ban da abubuwan da har yanzu ba a rarraba su ba. An adana dukiyar da Empress Kōmyō ta ba da gudummawa a cikin Hoku Sō, arewacin Shōsōin. Tun daga farko, wannan ɓangaren Shōsō-in an rufe shi da dangin sarki. An ba da izinin mutum ya shiga ne kawai tare da izinin bayyane na dangin sarki. Kashi casa'in da biyar na kyawawan zane-zane da sana'o'i a cikin Shōsōin an samar da su a Japan a kusa da karni na 8, tare da sauran da aka shigo da su daga daular Tang, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Indiya, Iran, da sauransu a wannan lokacin.[3] Zane-zane na waɗannan dukiyar Jafananci da Gabashin Asiya suna nuna tasirin Iran, Girka, Romawa, da Masar saboda musayar al'adu ta hanyar Silk Road.[4][3][5]
Kodayake waɗannan tarin ba a buɗe su ga jama'a ba, ana nuna zaɓuɓɓuka a Gidan Tarihi na Nara sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin kaka.
Abubuwa da dukiyar da aka adana a cikin Shōsō-in za a iya raba su zuwa waɗannan rukunoni.[6]
- Abubuwan Buddha Butsugu (kayan aiki)
- Tufafi da kayan haɗi Fukushoku
- Kayan gida Chōdo Hin (alamu)
- Wasanni Yūgi gu (遊戯 kayan)
- Kayan kiɗa Gakki (字)
- Weaponry Buji (武事)
Takardun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar su daban daga dukiya, Shōsōin kuma sun adana fiye da takardu 10,000, galibi daga rubutun ƙarni na takwas. Wadannan takardun suna dauke da kayan aiki daban-daban ciki har da ƙididdiga, bayanan haraji, da shayari. Yawancin takardu, duk da haka, suna yin rikodin rikodin yau da kullun na ofishin kwafin sutra mai aiki, duk da cewa a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban, tsakanin 727-776. Tarin watakila ba a iya kwatanta shi da shi ba a duniya a matsayin tarin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-buce na ƙarni na takwas.
An fara gano takardun ne a cikin shekarun 1830 ta hanyar masanin tarihi mai suna Hoida Tadatomo. Hoida da magajinsa sun cire takardu guda ɗaya kuma sun sake haɗa su cikin sababbin naɗaɗɗun littattafai, suna rushe tsarin asali na takardun. An buga mafi yawan takardun a cikin kundi ashirin da biyar na farko na Dai Nihon komonjo wanda ya fara a 1901. Bincike na gaba ya ba da damar malamai su fahimci yadda aka tsara naɗaɗɗun littattafai da farko. An kuma tsara su kuma yanzu suna samuwa ga jama'a don kallo.[1]
Tarin siliki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun daga shekara ta 1994, Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Gida na Gidauniyar Shoso-in Treasure House, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da ajiyar, yana samar da ainihin haihuwar kayan gargajiya na Nara. Baya ga bayyanar da launi, an ba da kulawa don sake samar da salon saƙa. Empress Masako ne ke ba da kyautar siliki a kowace shekara, wanda da kansa ke gudanar da Momijiyama Imperial Cocoonery a Fadar Imperial ta Tokyo . [7]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kura (gidan ajiya)
- Ranjatai - sanannen katako da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin turare da aka riƙe ta wurin ajiya
- Gidan Tarihi na Kamakura na Tarihi na Kasa wanda aka tsara don yayi kama da Shōsō-in, yana da kyakkyawan tarin fasahar Japan da zane-zane.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "正倉院ホームページ (Shōsōin Homepage, Imperial Household Agency (Japan))" (in Japananci). Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Shosoin 2009". - 1 2 Akihiko Nishikawa. 正倉院への道天平の至宝 p.132. Yuzankaku Shuppan. ISBN 978-4639016434
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "narajoshi". - ↑ "Shōsōin" originally stood for the warehouse area that many of the Buddhist temples and governmental sites in the ages of Nara period and Heian period were known to have, and Script error: No such module "Nihongo". was meaning each independent building located in such an area. However, all but the one in Tōdai-ji were lost over time, thus Shōsōin became a proper noun for the only remaining treasure house building at Tōdai-ji.
- ↑ "Shōsōin" originally stood for the warehouse area that many of the Buddhist temples and governmental sites in the ages of Nara period and Heian period were known to have, and Script error: No such module "Nihongo". was meaning each independent building located in such an area. However, all but the one in Tōdai-ji were lost over time, thus Shōsōin became a proper noun for the only remaining treasure house building at Tōdai-ji.
- ↑ "Shōsōin" originally stood for the warehouse area that many of the Buddhist temples and governmental sites in the ages of Nara period and Heian period were known to have, and Script error: No such module "Nihongo". was meaning each independent building located in such an area. However, all but the one in Tōdai-ji were lost over time, thus Shōsōin became a proper noun for the only remaining treasure house building at Tōdai-ji.