Shan giya
 | |
| Iri | aiki |
|---|---|
| Sanadi |
thirst (en)  |
| Yana haddasa |
not thirsty (en) |
Shan ruwa shine aikin shan ruwa ko wasu ruwa a cikin jiki ta hanyar baki, proboscis, ko kuma a wasu wurare. Mutane suna Shan giya ta hanyar haɗiyewa, an kammala su ta hanyar peristalsis a cikin esophagus. Hanyoyin ilimin lissafi na shan giya sun bambanta sosai tsakanin sauran Dabbobi.
Yawancin dabbobi suna shan ruwa don kula da Ruwa a jiki, kodayake da yawa na iya rayuwa a kan ruwan da aka samu daga abincin su. Ana buƙatar ruwa don matakai da yawa na jiki. Dukkanin rashin isasshen ruwa da (ba sau da yawa) yawan ruwa suna da alaƙa da matsalolin kiwon lafiya.
Hanyoyin shan giya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin mutane
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga baki mutum, ana kammala tsarin haɗiyewa ta hanyar peristalsis wanda ke isar da ruwa ta hanyar esophagus zuwa ciki; yawancin aikin yana taimakawa ta hanyar nauyi. Ana iya zuba ruwa daga hannayensu ko ana iya amfani da kayan sha a matsayin tasoshin. Shan kuma na iya zama ta hanyar shan ko shan, yawanci lokacin da ake shan ruwan zafi ko shan giya daga cokali. Jarirai suna amfani da hanyar tsotsewa inda ake matse leɓunan da ke kusa da tushe, kamar yadda yake a shayarwa: haɗuwa da numfashi da motsi na harshe yana haifar da iska wanda ke jawo ruwa.
A cikin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ta hanyar bukata, dabbobin duniya da aka tsare sun saba da ruwan sha, amma yawancin dabbobin da ke yawo kyauta suna kasancewa cikin ruwa da danshi a cikin abinci mai kyau, kuma suna koyon neman abinci tare da babban abun ciki na ruwa. [1] Lokacin da yanayi ya tilasta musu su sha daga ruwa, hanyoyin da motsi sun bambanta sosai tsakanin jinsuna.
Cats, canines, da ruminants duk suna saukar da wuyan da cinya a cikin ruwa tare da harsuna masu ƙarfi. Cats da canines sun kwashe ruwa tare da harshe a cikin siffar cokali. Canines sun kwashe ruwa ta hanyar shan shi a bakinsu tare da harshe wanda ya ɗauki siffar ladle. Koyaya, tare da cats, kawai ƙarshen harshensu (wanda yake mai santsi) ya taɓa ruwa, sannan cat da sauri ya ja harshensa zuwa bakinsa wanda nan da nan ya rufe; wannan yana haifar da wani shafi na ruwa da ake ja cikin bakin cat, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar rufe bakinsa.[2] Ruminants da yawancin sauran masu cin ganyayyaki suna nutsewa a ƙarshen baki don jawo ruwa ta hanyar aikin nutsewa tare da harshe da aka riƙe madaidaiciya. Cats suna shan giya a hankali sosai fiye da ruminants, waɗanda ke fuskantar haɗarin haɗari mafi girma.[3]
Yawancin dabbobin hamada ba sa shan ko da akwai ruwa, amma sun dogara da cin hares="./Succulent_plant" id="mwZg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Succulent plant">Shuke-shuke masu daɗi. A cikin yanayin sanyi da daskarewa, wasu dabbobi kamar hare, squirrels na bishiyoyi, da tumaki masu tsayi suna cinye dusar ƙanƙara da icicles. A cikin savannah, hanyar shan giraffes ta kasance tushen hasashe don bayyanar ta na rashin amincewa da nauyi; ka'idar kwanan nan tana la'akari da ayyukan dogon wuyan dabba kamar famfo.[4] Musamman, giwaye suna jawo ruwa a cikin akwati kuma suna zubar da shi a bakinsu.[3]
A cikin tsuntsaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin tsuntsaye suna shan ruwa a cikin wuraren da suke da shi, suna ɗagawa da kuma karkatar da kawunansu don sha. Wani banda shi ne kurciya ta yau da kullun, wanda zai iya shan ruwa kai tsaye ta hanyar numfashi.
Yawancin kwari suna samun isasshen ruwa daga abincin su: Lokacin da suka bushe daga rashin abinci mai laushi, duk da haka, nau'o'i da yawa za su sha daga ruwa mai tsaye.[5] Bugu da ƙari, duk kwari na ƙasa koyaushe suna shan wani adadin danshi na iska ta hanyar cuticles.[5] Wasu kwari na hamada, kamar Onymacris unguicularis, sun samo asali ne don shan giya sosai daga hazo na dare.[5]
Amphibians da Dabbobi na ruwa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin Ruwa mai laushi ba sa buƙatar sha: suna shan ruwa a hankali ta hanyar fata ta hanyar osmosis. Kifi na ruwan gishiri, duk da haka, suna shan ta bakin yayin da suke iyo, kuma suna wanke gishiri mai yawa ta hanyar gills.[6] Kifi na ruwan gishiri suna shan ruwa mai yawa kuma suna fitar da karamin fitsari.
Rashin ruwa da rashin ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar kusan dukkanin sauran nau'ikan rayuwa, mutane suna buƙatar ruwa don ruwa. rashin ruwa yana haifar da ƙishirwa, sha'awar sha wanda hypothalamus ke sarrafawa don mayar da martani ga canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin matakan electrolyte na jiki da ƙarar jini. Rage yawan ruwan jiki ana kiransa dehydration kuma zai haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar hypernatremia. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen Gudanar da rashin ruwa sun haɗa da taimakon shan giya ko maganin sake ruwa na jiki.
Yawan amfani da ruwa na iya haifar da maye na ruwa, wanda zai iya narkar da gishiri a cikin jiki. Overhydration wani lokacin yana faruwa tsakanin 'yan wasa da ma'aikata na waje, amma kuma yana iya zama alamar cuta ko lalacewar hypothalamus. Sha'awar sha ruwa mai yawa shine yanayin tunanin mutum da ake kira polydipsia. Sau da yawa yana tare da polyuria kuma yana iya zama alama ce ta Ciwon sukari ko ciwon sukiri.
Bukatar ruwa na mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_---_European_Space_Agency_(ESA)_astronaut_Thomas_Reiter.jpg)
Ana buƙatar shan ruwa na yau da kullun don aikin jiki na yau da kullum na Jikin mutum. USDA ta ba da shawarar shan ruwa a kowace rana: ba lallai ba ne ta hanyar shan ruwa amma ta hanyar amfani da ruwan da ke cikin wasu abubuwan sha da abinci. Abincin da aka ba da shawarar shine lita 3.7 (appx. 1 gallon) a kowace rana ga namiji mai girma, da lita 2.7 (appx . 0.75 gallon) ga mace mai girma.[7]
Sauran kafofin, duk da haka, suna da'awar cewa yawan ruwan sha mai kyau, ya bambanta kuma ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin danshi, ya zama dole don lafiya mai kyau - sauye-sauye takwas a kowace rana na ruwan ruwa guda takwas (1.8 lita, ko 0.5 lita) shine adadin da yawancin Masu kula da abinci mai gina jiki suka ba da shawarar, [8] kodayake babu wata shaidar kimiyya da ke tallafawa wannan shawarar. [9][10]
Masana ilimin ruwa da aka samo asali sun ce adadin ruwan sha da ake buƙata ya dogara da zafin jiki, matakin aiki, girman jiki, da yawan gumi. Bincike ya nuna shan giya lokacin da ƙishirwa zai ci gaba da ruwa a cikin kusan 2% na matakin da ake buƙata.[11] Shan fiye da ƙishirwa na iya zama da fa'ida ga mutanen da ke buƙatar yin ayyukan da ke buƙatar mai da hankali sosai, da waɗanda ke da Cutar koda, duwatsun koda, cututtukan urinary, da mutanen da ke da ƙishiri (wanda zai iya haɗawa da tsofaffi). [11]
Abin sha mai barasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar "sha" galibi ana amfani da ita don amfani da Abin sha mai barasa. Yawancin al'adu a cikin tarihi sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan "abin sha mai ƙarfi" a cikin abincin su, bukukuwa, bukukuwa da sauran lokuta. Shaidar Abin sha mai fermented a cikin al'adun ɗan adam ya koma tun farkon zamanin Neolithic, kuma ana iya samun shaidar hoto ta farko a Misira a kusa da 4,000 BC.[12]
Amfani da barasa ya bunkasa zuwa al'adun Shan giya da aka kafa a duniya. Duk da shahararsa, shan barasa yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya. Cin zarafin barasa da jarabawar maye cututtuka ne na yau da kullun a kasashe masu tasowa a duk duniya.[13] Babban yawan amfani na iya haifar da cirrhosis, Gastritis, gout, pancreatitis, hauhawar jini, nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban, da sauran cututtuka da yawa.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Cin abinci
- Rashin ruwa (disambiguation)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Grove JC, Gray LA, La Santa Medina N, Sivakumar N, Ahn JS, Corpuz TV, Berke JD, Kreitzer AC, Knight ZA (July 2022). "Dopamine subsystems that track internal states". Nature. 608 (7922): 374–380. Bibcode:2022Natur.608..374G. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04954-0. PMC 9365689 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 35831501 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ "Cats' Tongues Employ Tricky Physics". 2010-11-12.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBroom105 - ↑ "How do Giraffes Drink Water?". February 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCurtis569 - ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Greenhalgh, Alison (2001). "Healthy living – Water". BBC Health (in English). BBC. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2022.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Valtin, Heinz; Gorman, Sheila A. (2012). "Drink at least eight glasses of water a day: Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 × 8"?". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 283 (5): R993–R1004. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002. PMID 12376390.
- ↑ Negoianu, Dan; Goldfarb, Stanley (2008). "Just Add Water". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. ASN. 19 (6): 1041–1043. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008030274. PMID 18385417.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedlifekit - ↑ Hanson, David. "Ancient Period". History of Alcohol and Drinking around the World. State University of New York. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ↑ "Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health" (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 4 December 2014.