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Shari'ar saɓo ta Asiya Bibi

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentShari'ar saɓo ta Asiya Bibi

Suna a harshen gida (ur) آسیہ بی بی‎
Iri criminal case (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Pakistan
Participant (en) Fassara
Asia Bibi (en) Fassara
Court (en) Fassara Supreme Court of Pakistan (en) Fassara
Asiya Bibi a watan Fabrairun 2020

A cikin shekarar 2010, wata mace Kirista ’yar kasar Pakistan, Mai suna Aasiya Noreen (Urdu: آسیہ نورین, romanized: Āsiyāh Naurīn, ur; An haife ta a shekarar 1971), wanda aka fi sani da Asia Bibi ko Asiya Bibi, an yanke mata hukuncin kisa ta Pakistan kuma kotu ta yanke mata hukuncin kisa. A watan Oktoban shekarar 2018, Kotun Kolin Pakistan ta wanke ta bisa rashin isassun shaidu, kodayake ba a bar ta ta bar Pakistan ba har sai an sake duba hukuncin. An tsare ta a karkashin masu gadi kuma ba ta iya barin kasar har sai 7 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2019, washegari ta isa kasar kanada.

A watan Yunin shekarar 2009, an zargi Noreen da yin saɓo bayan wata gardama da abokan aiki yayin girbi 'ya'yan itace.[1][2] Daga baya aka kama ta kuma aka daure ta. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, wani alƙali na Sheikhupura ya yanke mata hukuncin kisa ta hanyar ratayewa. Babban Kotun Lahore ta amince da hukuncin kuma ta sami kulawa a duniya. Kungiyoyin da ke taimakawa Kiristoci da aka tsananta musu kamar Muryar shahidai, ciki har da wanda ya sami sa hannu 400,000; Paparoma Benedict XVI da Paparoma Francis sun yi kira da a sallami tuhumar. [3][4] Ta sami karancin tausayi idan aka kwatanta da ita a kasar, inda wasu suka yi kira da a kashe ta. Ministan 'yan tsiraru Shahbaz Bhatti da Gwamnan Punjab Salmaan Taseer an kashe su ne saboda yin kira a madadin ta da kuma adawa da dokokin saɓo.[5] Iyalin Noreen sun shiga ɓoye bayan sun sami barazanar kisa daga masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi na Islama, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi barazanar kashe Noreen idan aka sake su daga kurkuku. Maulana Yousaf Qureshi malamin addinin musulmi ya ba da sanarwar kyautar 500,000 Pakistani rupees ga duk wanda zai kashe ta.[6]

A ranar 31 ga Oktoba shekarar 2018, Kotun Koli ta Pakistan ta wanke Noreen, inda ta yi nuni da "rashin jituwa da maganganun da suka dace da shaidu" wanda "ya sanya inuwa na shakku a kan bayanan masu gabatar da kara. [7] [8] Hukuncin ya haifar da zanga-zangar da jam'iyyun Islama ke jagoranta a manyan biranen kasar, [3] amma kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da wadanda ke ba da shawara a madadin kananan Krista, kamar su Danga'ar Kirista ta Duniya, Open Doors da Ikilisiya a Bukatar.[9][10][11] A ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba 2018, duk da haka, Gwamnatin Pakistan ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da jam'iyyar siyasa ta Tehreek-e-Labbaik (TLP), wacce ke jagorantar zanga-zangar; wannan yarjejeniyar ta hana Noreen barin kasar.[12][13][14][15] Ya haifar da zarge-zargen cewa zartarwa tana mika wuya ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.[16][17] Italiya, Kanada, da sauran kasashen Yamma sun yi aiki don taimaka mata barin Pakistan. A ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2018, an sake ta daga Sabon Kurkukun Mata a Multan . Koyaya, a lokacin Kirsimeti, an ruwaito cewa ta yi amfani da Ranar Kirsimeti a wasu nau'o'in kulawa.[18][19]

A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2019, an ki amincewa da wata takarda da ke neman daukaka kara game da shawarar kotun ta wanke Noreen, "ta ɗaga cikas ta ƙarshe a cikin shari'ar kuma ta shirya hanyar da za ta bar kasar. " [20] A ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2019, Firayim Minista Imran Khan (wanda a baya ya kai farmaki ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke kira su da su kwantar da hankali) ya bayyana cewa "matsalar" ta jinkirta tashi daga kasar.[21] A ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2019, ta sauka a Kanada kuma an ruwaito cewa tana yin kyau.[22] Dokar saɓo a Pakistan ta haifar da kisan kai ba tare da shari'a ba, wanda zarge-zarge suka haifar, na sama da mutane 60, an zarge su da hare-haren al'umma da yawa da suka faru a kan 'yan tsiraru na addini a kan uzuri na saɓo; mutane sun yi amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don ramawa ga wasu mutane.[7][23][24] Noreen ita ce mace ta farko a Pakistan da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda saɓo kuma zai kasance mutum na farko a Pakistan wanda za a kashe shi saboda saɓu a ƙarƙashin dokar yanzu.

Tarihi da kamawa (2009-2010)

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An haifi Aasiya Noreen kuma ta girma a Ittan Wali, wani karamin ƙauye a cikin Sheikhupura ta kasar Pakistan" talatin a wajen Lahore.[25][26] Kiristoci a cikin gundumar, da sauran wurare a Pakistan, yawanci ana ware su kuma suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin aiki, ilimi, da ayyukan zamantakewa, kuma ana mayar da su ga tsabtace jama'a, tsaftace magudanar ruwa, da sauran ayyukan da ba su da kyau.[27][28] Noreen, wacce Katolika ce, ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gona a Sheikhupura don tallafa wa iyalinta.[25] Ta auri Ashiq Masih, ma'aikacin tubali wanda ke da 'ya'ya uku daga auren da ya gabata, kuma suna da' ya'ya biyu tare da shi. Noreen da iyalinta sune kawai Kiristoci a ƙauyen. Kafin a ɗaure ta, 'yan uwanta sun bukaci ta sauya zuwa addinin Musulunci.[29]

A watan Yunin shekarar 2009, Noreen tana girbi 'ya'yan itace na Ƙarya tare da ƙungiyar wasu mata masu aikin gona a wani fili a Sheikhupura.[25] An tambaye ta a wani lokaci ta dauki ruwa daga rijiyar da ke kusa; ta yi biyayya amma ta tsaya don shan abin sha tare da tsohuwar kofin ƙarfe da ta samu a kusa da rijiyar. Wata maƙwabciyar Noreen, Musarat, wacce ta kasance cikin rikici tare da dangin Noreen game da wasu lalacewar dukiya, ta gan ta kuma ta gaya mata cewa an hana Kirista shan ruwa daga wannan kayan da Musulmai ke sha, kuma wasu daga cikin sauran ma'aikata sun dauke ta da tsabta saboda ita Kirista ce, tana nufin tsarin kabilanci a Pakistan. [1][2] Noreen ta ba da labarin cewa lokacin da suka yi maganganu masu banƙyama game da Kiristanci kuma suka bukaci ta tuba zuwa ga Islama, ta amsa, "Na yi imani da addina da kuma Yesu Kristi, wanda ya mutu a kan gicciye saboda zunuban ɗan adam. Me Annabi Muhammadu ya taɓa yi don ceton ɗan adam? Kuma me ya sa ni ne ya tuba maimakon ku?" [30] An yi jayayya.[31]

Wani taron jama'a ya zo gidanta, ya buge ta da danginta kafin 'yan sanda su dauke ta. 'Yan sanda sun fara bincike game da maganganunta, wanda ya haifar da kama ta a karkashin Sashe na 295 C na Dokar Shari'a ta Pakistan.

A wata hira da CNN, jami'in 'yan sanda na yankin Muhammad Ilyas ya yi iƙirarin cewa Noreen ya ce "Alkur'ani karya ne kuma annabinku ya kasance a gado na wata daya kafin mutuwarsa saboda yana da tsutsotsi a kunnuwansa da bakinsa. Ya auri Khadija kawai don kuɗi kuma bayan ya sace ta ya kore ta daga gidan".[32] Imam na ƙauyen Qari Muhammad Salim, wanda abokan aikin Noreen suka ba da rahoton zargin saɓo, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Noreen ya furta masa kuma ya nemi gafara.[32] A gefe guda, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Asiya ta buga wasika da ta ce: [33]

Five days after the incident, a local Muslim leader, Qari Salem, jumped into the matter and pressured some people in the area to claim that she committed blasphemy. When finding no way to get Ms. Bibi to confess, Salem used the loudspeakers of the mosque, as other Muslim leaders usually do in the cases of alleged blasphemy acts, to spread the news of blasphemy and instigate the people of the locality to punish the alleged blasphemer. The people of the locality beat her severely in the presence of her children.[33]

Daga baya aka daure ta sama da shekara guda kafin a tuhume ta a hukumance.[34]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shackle, Samira (18 October 2018). "The Lahore court's decision to uphold Asia Bibi's death penalty is far from just". The Guardian (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. Bibi's alleged blasphemous comments were supposedly made after co-workers refused to share water that she had carried; they said it was unclean because she was a Christian (this is a hangover from the caste system, as most of those who converted to Christianity in pre-partition India were members of the lower castes). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Shackle2018" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zakaria, Rafia (16 October 2018). "A Death Sentence Over a Cup of Water?" (in Turanci). The New Republic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. The question of drinking order is a vestige of the Hindu caste system that has lingered in the area even after most of the population converted to Islam over a hundred years ago. Christians, believed to be converts from Dalits, continue to be treated as untouchables in parts of Pakistan. For high Brahmans, using the same utensils as someone from a lower caste represented contamination or impurity. It seems the women in the field with Asia Bibi on that ill-fated June day believed this as well. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Zakaria2018" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Murashko, Alex (23 July 2011). "Global Petition Launched to Save Asia Bibi" (in Turanci). International Christian Concern. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  4. ↑ Bacon, John (31 October 2018). "Blasphemy: Pakistan frees Asia Bibi, a Christian, from death row" (in Turanci). USA Today. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  5. ↑ "Final Hearing For Asia Bibi: Will Pakistani Christian Woman Be Hanged For Blasphemy?" (in Turanci). Christian Today. 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. Two prominent politicians, governor of Punjab Salmaan Taseer and minority affairs minister Shahbaz Bhatti, were assassinated in 2011 after defending Bibi. Her lawyer, Saiful Malook, is a Muslim who claims that Pakistani officials have been influenced by religious hardliners. He has also been targeted by Islamic fundamentalists.
  6. ↑ "Blasphemy case: Cleric offers Rs500,000 for Aasia's execution" (in Turanci). The Express Tribune. 3 December 2010. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. Maulana Yousaf Qureshi, the Khateeb of the historic Masjid Mohabaat Khan in Peshawar, offered a Rs500,000 reward for anyone who kills Aasia, Online news agency reported.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Aqeel, Asif (31 October 2018). "Pakistan Frees Asia Bibi from Blasphemy Death Sentence" (in Turanci). Christianity Today. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018. In their final judgment, reviewed by CT, reversing Bibi's convictions by two lower courts and removing her death sentence, the panel of three judges ruled that Bibi was "wrongly" accused by two sisters with the help of a local cleric, based on "material contradictions and inconsistent statements of the witnesses" that "cast a shadow of doubt on the prosecution's version of facts." "Furthermore, the alleged extra-judicial confession was not voluntary but rather resulted out of coercion and undue pressure as the appellant was forcibly brought before the complainant in presence of a gathering, who were threatening to kill her; as such, it cannot be made the basis of a conviction," they wrote. "Therefore, the appellant being innocent deserves acquittal," the judges concluded. One even accused Bibi's accusers of violating a covenant made by Muhammad with Christians in the seventh century but still valid today. "Blasphemy is a serious offence," wrote justice Asif Saeed Khosa, "but the insult of the appellant's religion and religious sensibilities by the complainant party and then mixing truth with falsehood in the name of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) was also not short of being blasphemous. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Aqeel2018" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ "Islamists block roads in Pakistan over Asia Bibi blasphemy case" (in Turanci). Deutsche Welle. 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2018. Islamists launched protests after the country's Supreme Court ruled to acquit Bibi of blasphemy in a widely publicized case.
  9. ↑ Sophie Williams (1 November 2018). "Asia Bibi case: Thousands protest in Pakistan for second day over the acquittal of Christian woman sentenced to death for blasphemy" (in Turanci). Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2018. Radical Islamists mounted rallies against the verdict, blocking roads and burning tyres in protest as they demanded she be executed.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SaifiGriffiths2018
  11. ↑ Sherwood, Harriet (31 October 2018). "Quashing of Asia Bibi's blasphemy charge will not end her suffering". The Guardian (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "Christian woman cleared of blasphemy barred from leaving Pakistan" (in Turanci). The Telegraph. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stubley2018
  14. ↑ "Asia Bibi Barred From Leaving Pakistan as Imran Khan Govt Strikes Deal With Islamist Protesters" (in Turanci). News 18. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  15. ↑ "Govt & Tehreek-e-Labbaik reach agreement to end protests" (in Turanci). Radio Pakistan. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  16. ↑ "Asia Bibi: Deal to end Pakistan protests over blasphemy case" (in Turanci). BBC. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  17. ↑ "Jemima says Pakistan's govt caves in to extremist demands to bar Asia Bibi from leaving" (in Turanci). The International News. 4 November 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  18. ↑ "Cleared In Blasphemy Case, Asia Bibi To Still Spend Christmas In Custody". NDTV. 23 December 2018. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  19. ↑ "Exonerated but still not free: Pakistan's Asia Bibi to spend Christmas in custody" (in Turanci). SBS News. 24 December 2018. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  20. ↑ "Asia Bibi Could Leave Pak After Court Upholds Acquittal In Blasphemy Case" (in Turanci). NDTV. 29 January 2019. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  21. ↑ Williams, Alex (11 April 2019). "Pakistan's PM says 'complication' delaying Asia Bibi's exit" (in Turanci). Premier Christian Radio. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  22. ↑ Lucia I. Suarez Sang, Hollie McKay (8 May 2019). "Asia Bibi in Canada after fleeing Pakistan following blasphemy acquittal, lawyer says" (in Turanci). Fox News. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  23. ↑ Hashim, Asad (17 May 2014). "Living in fear under Pakistan's blasphemy law". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014. In Pakistan, 17 people are on death row for blasphemy, and dozens more have been extrajudicially murdered.
  24. ↑ "Muslims Block Roads, Call for Supreme Court Justices to Be Killed Over Asia Bibi Acquittal" (in Turanci). The Christian Post. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. In Pakistan, blasphemy (insulting Islam or its prophet Muhammad) is a crime punishable by life imprisonment or death. The law is often abused by Muslims looking to settle scores with religious minorities. Bibi has denied the accusations. In response to the court's announcement that a three-judge panel reversed earlier court rulings against Bibi on grounds that evidence against her was insufficient, TLP supporters have reportedly staged street protests and have also blockaded major roadways.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Allen 2013.
  26. ↑ Munir, Manzer (7 December 2010). "Aasia Bibi and Impurities in the Land of the Pure". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  27. ↑ Graceffo, Antonio (2 July 2024). "Blasphemy Laws & Persecution of Christians in Pakistan". Providence. Archived from the original on 21 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Walsh
  29. ↑ El Shafie 2012.
  30. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CT
  31. ↑ Barker, Memphis (31 October 2018). "Asia Bibi: Pakistan court overturns blasphemy death sentence: Christian woman to be freed after being sentenced in 2010, accused of insulting prophet Muhammad". The Guardian (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018. Christian farm labourer Bibi, a 47-year-old mother of five, was sentenced to hang for blasphemy in 2010. She had angered fellow Muslim farm workers by taking a sip of water from a cup she had fetched for them on a hot day. When they demanded she convert to Islam, she refused, prompting a mob to later allege that she had insulted the prophet Mohammed.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Reza Sayah, Nasir Habib (11 November 2010). "Christian woman sentenced to death for blasphemy in Pakistan" (in Turanci). CNN. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Muslim leaders who issued decree to kill a Christian woman should be prosecuted" (in Turanci). Asian Human Rights Commission. 8 December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  34. ↑ Marshall 2013.
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