Sheikh Hasina

Sheikh Hasina Wazed (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1947) 'yar siyasar Bangladesh ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Bangladesh daga 1996 zuwa 2001 kuma daga 2009 zuwa 2024.[a] Ita ce 'yar Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, shugaban da ya kafa Bangladesh, kuma ta kasance Shugaba na Awami League tun 1981. A lokacin da take aiki, ta zama Firayim Minista mafi tsawo a kasar kuma daya daga cikin shugabannin mata mafi tsawo na gwamnati a duniya.

An haife shi ga dangin Tungipara Sheikh a Gopalganj, Hasina ba ta da isasshen matsayi a siyasa kafin kisan Sheikh Mujibur Rahman a 1975. Bayan shekaru a gudun hijira, ta koma Bangladesh a 1981 kuma ta zama Shugaba na Awami League . Ta jagoranci jam'iyyar a adawa da mulkin soja kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tashin hankali na 1990 wanda ya dawo da dimokuradiyya ta majalisa, tare da abokin hamayyar siyasa na gaba Khaleda Zia . Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Jam'iyyar adawa daga 1991 zuwa 1996, ta lashe babban zaben watan Yunin 1996, ta fara wa'adin ta na farko a matsayin Firayim Minista. Ta sake aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Jam'iyyar adawa daga 2001 zuwa 2006 kafin ta lashe Babban zaben 2008 kuma ta fara aikinta na biyu.

Firayim Minista ta biyu ta kasance alama ce ta ci gaban tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa, da kuma karuwar damuwa ta kasa da kasa game da koma baya na dimokuradiyya, tilasta bacewar mutane, Cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam da ƙuntatawa kan adawar siyasa da' yancin yada labarai. Masu sukar sun zargi gwamnatinta da karfafa iko, cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci na ajiyar kasashen waje. Masu kallo sun gabatar da zarge-zargen rashin bin doka a cikin babban zaben 2014, 2018 da 2024.

A watan Yulin 2024, zanga-zangar da dalibai suka jagoranci ta fara, wanda jami'an tsaro suka rushe, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar daruruwan masu zanga-zambe. zanga-zangar ta kai ga murabus dinta da gudu zuwa Indiya a watan Agustan 2024. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya ta Bangladesh ta yanke mata hukunci ba tare da halarta ba kan tuhumar laifuka a kan bil'adama, gami da ba da umarnin kisa ga masu zanga-zangar, kuma an yanke mata hukuncin kisa, wanda ta ƙi shi a matsayin dalilin siyasa.

Hasina ta kasance daga cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya a cikin mujallar Time a cikin 2018, kuma an lissafa ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 mafi iko a duniya ta Forbes a cikin 2015, 2018 da 2022.

Rayuwa ta farko

Hasina tare da mahaifinta Sheikh Mujibur Rahman a cikin 1970s

An haifi Hasina Sheikh a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1947 ga dangin Sheikh Musulmi na Bengali na Tungipara a Gabashin Bengal, Pakistan (yanzu a cikin Dhaka Division, Bangladesh). [1][2] Mahaifinta Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ne kuma mahaifiyarta Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib .[3][4] Hasina ta girma a Tungipara a lokacin yarinta a karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarta da kakarta. Lokacin da iyalin suka koma Dhaka, da farko sun zauna a unguwar Segunbagicha.[5]

Lokacin da mahaifin Hasina ya zama ministan gwamnati a shekara ta 1954, iyalin suna zaune a kan 3 Minto Road. A cikin shekarun 1950, mahaifinta ya kuma yi aiki a Kamfanin Inshora na Alpha, ban da ayyukansa na siyasa. A cikin shekarun 1960, iyalin suka koma gidan da mahaifinta ya gina a kan Hanyar 32 a Dhanmondi . A cikin tambayoyin da yawa da jawabai, Hasina ta yi magana game da girma yayin da gwamnatin Pakistan ta tsare mahaifinta a matsayin fursuna na siyasa. A wata hira, ta ce, "Misali, bayan an zabi Ma'aikatar United Front a shekara ta 1954, kuma muna zaune a No 3 Minto Road, wata rana, mahaifiyata ta gaya mana cewa an kama mahaifina da daddare da ta gabata. Sa'an nan kuma muna yawan ziyartar shi a kurkuku kuma koyaushe muna fahimtar cewa an sanya shi a kurkukun sau da yawa saboda yana son mutane. " Hasina da 'yan uwanta suna da iyakanta lokaci don ciyar da mahaifinsu saboda damuwarsa da siyasa.

Kisan iyali, gudun hijira ta farko da dawowa

Sai dai mijinta, yara da 'yar'uwarta Sheikh Rehana, an kashe dukkan dangin Hasina a lokacin juyin mulkin Bangladesh na 15 ga watan Agustan 1975 wanda ya ga kisan Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . [undefined][undefined] Hasina, Wazed da Rehana suna ziyartar Turai a lokacin kisan. Sun nemi mafaka a gidan jakadan Bangladesh a Jamus ta Yamma; kafin su karɓi tayin mafaka na siyasa daga Firayim Minista Indira Gandhi na Indiya.[undefined][undefined][3] Wadanda suka tsira daga cikin dangin sun zauna a gudun hijira a New Delhi, Indiya na tsawon shekaru shida. [4][1] Gwamnatin soja ta Ziaur Rahman ta hana Hasina shiga Bangladesh. [2] Bayan an zabe shi Shugaban Awami League a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1981, Hasina ya koma gida a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1981 kuma ya sami maraba daga dubban magoya bayan Awami League. [5][6]

Farkon aikin siyasa

Yunkurin adawa da mulkin soja (1981-1991)

Yayinda yake zaune a gudun hijira a Indiya, an zabi Hasina a matsayin Shugaban Awami League a shekarar 1981. An bayyana jam'iyyar a matsayin Tsakiya-hagu.

A karkashin dokar soja, Hasina ta kasance a ciki da waje daga tsare a cikin shekarun 1980. A shekara ta 1984, an tsare ta a gidansa a watan Fabrairu kuma a watan Nuwamba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1985, an tsare ta a gida na tsawon watanni uku.

Hasina da AL sun shiga cikin Babban zaben Bangladesh na 1986 da aka gudanar a karkashin Shugaba Hussain Muhammad Ershad . Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar adawa ta majalisa, wata kungiya ta jam'iyyu takwas, daga 1986 zuwa 1987. Abokan hamayyarta sun soki shawarar da ta yanke na shiga cikin zaben, tun lokacin da aka gudanar da zaben a karkashin dokar soja, kuma sauran manyan 'yan adawa sun kaurace wa zaben. Koyaya, magoya bayanta sun ci gaba da cewa ta yi amfani da dandalin yadda ya kamata don kalubalanci mulkin Ershad. Ershad ta rushe majalisa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1987 lokacin da Hasina da Awami League suka yi murabus a cikin ƙoƙari na kiran sabon babban zabe da za a gudanar a karkashin gwamnati mai tsaka-tsaki. A watan Nuwamba da Disamba a shekara ta 1987, wani babban tashin hankali ya faru a Dhaka kuma an kashe mutane da yawa, ciki har da Noor Hossain, mai fafutukar Awami League kuma mai goyon bayan Hasina .