Sheikh Hasina
Sheikh Hasina Wazed (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1947 yar siyasar Bangladesh ce wadda tayi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista ta goma da ta goma sha biyu ta Bangladesh daga Yuni shekarar 1996 zuwa Yuli 2001 kuma daga Janairu 2009 zuwa Agusta 2024. Ƴace a gun Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, mahaifin da ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na Bangladesh. Bayan ta yi aiki har tsawon shekaru 20, ita ce Firayim Minista mafi daɗewa a Tarihin Bangladesh. Ƙarahe dai Firayim Ministar ta ƙare a gudun hijira bayan gagarumar zanga-zangar tashin hankali a 2024.
Yayin da gwamnatin Hussaini Muhammad Ershad ta mulkin kama karya tazo ƙarshe, Hasina, shugabar ƙungiyar Awami (AL), ta sha kaye a zaben 1991 a hannun Khaleda Ziawadda ta haɗa kai da Ershad. A matsayinta na shugabar ƴan adawa, Hasina ta zargi jam'iyyar Zia ta Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) da rashin gaskiya a zaɓe tare da kauracewa majalisar, wanda ya biyo bayan zanga-zangar tashin hankali da hargitsin siyasa. Zia ta yi murabus zuwa gwamnatin rikon kwarya, sai Hasina ta zama firayim minista bayan zaben watan Yuni a shekarar 1996. A yayin da ƙasar ta fara samun bunƙasuwar tattalin arziki da raguwar talauci, ta kasance cikin ruɗanin siyasa a lokacin wa'adin mulkinta na farko, wanda ya kare a watan Yulin 2001, inda Zia ta gaje Hasina bayan nasarar da ta samu. Wannan shi ne cikakken wa'adi na farko na shekaru biyar na firaministan Bangladesh tun bayan da ta zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekarar 1971.
A lokacin rikicin siyasa na 2006-2008, an tsare Hasina bisa zargin karbar kuɗi. Bayan an sake ta daga gidan yari, ta ci zaben 2008. A shekarar 2014, an sake zaɓar ta a karo na uku a zaɓen da jam'iyyar BNP ta kauracewa zaɓen tare da suka daga masu sa ido na ƙasa da ƙasa. A cikin 2017, bayan da kusan Rohingya miliyan guda suka shiga ƙasar, suna gujewa kisan kiyashi a Myanmar, an yabi Hasina don ba su mafaka da taimakon su da tayi. Ta lashe wa'adi na huɗu da na biyar bayan zaɓukan 2018 da 2024, wanda ya yi fama da tashe-tashen hankula da ake suka da cewa an tafka maguɗi.
An yi lura da cewa a ƙarƙashin shugabancinta, Bangladesh ta fuskanci koma bayan dimokraɗiyya. Ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta (Human Rights Watch) ta tattara bayanan bacewa da kuma kisan gilla a ƙarƙashin gwamnatinta. Ƴan siyasa da ƴan jarida da dama sun fuskanci hukunci ba bisa tsari da shari’a ba saboda ƙalubalantar ra’ayinta.[1][2] A cikin 2021, (Reporters Without Borders) sun ba da ƙima mara kyau game da manufofin watsa labarai na Hasina don hana ƴan jarida a Bangladesh tun 2014.[3] A cikin gida, an soki Hasina da cewa tana kusa da Indiya, sau da yawa a kan tsadar diyaucin Bangladesh. Ana kallonta a matsayin wata alama ta tsoma bakin Indiya a siyasar Bangladesh, wanda masu sukar bayyana a matsayin babbar hanyar da Hasina ta samu. Hasina ta kasance cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya a cikin 2018, kuma an jera su a matsayin ɗayan mata 100 mafi ƙarfi a duniya ta Forbes a cikin 2015,[4] 2018, da 2022.[5][6] Ita ce shugabar gwamnati mace mafi daɗewa a duniya.
Rayuwar ta daga haihuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Hasina a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1947 ga dangin Sheikh Musulman Bengali na Tungipara a Gabashin Bengal. Mahaifinta shi ne shugaban masu kishin ƙasar Bengali Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kuma mahaifiyarta Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib.[7][8] Tana da haɗi da zuriyar Larabawa ta Iraki ta bangaren uba da uwa na danginta, kuma danginta kai tsaye zuriyar wani mai wa'azin Musulunci ne Sheikh Abdul Awal Darwish na Bagadaza, wanda ya isa Bengal a karshen zamanin Mughal.[9] Hasina ta taso ne a Tungipara a lokacin ƙurciyarta ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarta da kakarta. Lokacin da iyalin ta suka ƙaura zuwa Dhaka, sun fara zama a unguwar Segunbagicha .
Lokacin da mahaifin Hasina ya zama ministan gwamnati a shekarar 1954, iyalin ta suna zaune a kan titin Minto 3. A cikin shekarun 1950, mahaifinta yayi aiki a Kamfanin Inshorar Alpha, baya ga harkokin siyasa. A cikin 1960s, sun koma zuwa wani gida da mahaifinta ya gina akan Titin 32 a Dhanmondi. A cikin hirarraki da jawabai da dama, Hasina ta yi magana game da girman ta yayin da gwamnatin Pakistan ke tsare mahaifinta a matsayin fursunan siyasa. A wata hira da ta yi, ta ce, “Misali, bayan da aka zabi United Front Ministry a 1954, kuma muna zaune a No 3 Minto Road, wata rana, mahaifiyata ta gaya mana cewa an kama mahaifinmu a daren jiya. muna ziyartar shi a gidan yari kuma mun fahimci cewa an sa shi a kurkuku sau da yawa saboda yana son mutane." Hasina da ƴan’uwanta ba su samu cikakken lokacin zama tare da mahaifinsu ba saboda shagaltuwarsa da siyasa.
Aure da Karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sheikh Hasina ta yi makarantar firamare a ƙauyen su na Tungipara. Lokacin da Ahalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Dhaka, ta halarci Makarantar Ƴan Mata ta Azimpur da Kwalejin Ƴan mata ta Begum Badrunnesa. Ta yi karatun digiri a Eden College. An zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai a Kwalejin Eden tsakanin shekarar 1966 da 1967. A cikin shekarar 1967, Hasina ta auri MA Wazed Miah, wanda masanin kimiyyar nukiliya ne na Bengali tare da digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Durham.[10] Hasina ta yi karatun adabin Bengali a Jami'ar Dhaka, daga nan ta kammala a 1973.[11] Hasina ta zauna a zauren Rokeya, wanda aka kafa a 1938 a matsayin ɗakin kwanan mata na Jami'ar Dhaka; kuma daga baya mai suna Begum Rokeya na mata.[12][13] Ta shiga harkar siyasar ƙungiyar dalibai kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin babbar sakatariyar ƙungiyar mata a zauren Rokeya Hall.[13]
Kisan Dangi, Gudun Hijira da Komawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sai dai mijinta, ƴaƴanta da ƴar'uwarta Sheikh Rehana, an kashe dangin Hasina baki daya a lokacin juyin mulkin Bangladesh na 15 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1975 wanda aka kashe Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Hasina, Wazed da Rehana suna Turai a lokacin kisan. Sun fake a gidan jakadan Bangladesh a Jamus ta Yamma ; kafin karɓar tayin mafakar siyasa daga Firayim Minista Indira Gandhi ta Indiya. Ahalin da suka tsira sun yi gudun hijira a New Delhi, Indiya na tsawon shekaru shida.[14] Gwamnatin soja ta Ziaur Rahman ta hana Hasina shiga Bangladesh.[15] Bayan an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Awami a ranar 16 ga Fabrairun 1981, Hasina ta dawo gida a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1981 kuma ta sami tarba daga dubban magoya bayan Awami League.[16]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Riaz, Ali (September 2020). "The pathway of massive socioeconomic and infracstructuaral development but democratic backsliding in Bangladesh". Democratization. 28: 1–19. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1818069. S2CID 224958514.
- ↑ Diamond, Larry (September 2020). "Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes". Democratization. 28: 22–42. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1807517.
- ↑ "Predator Sheikh Hasina". Reporters Without Borders (in Turanci). 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ↑ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women 2015". Forbes ME (in Turanci). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
- ↑ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. 4 December 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ↑ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. 1 November 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ↑ "Sheikh Hasina Wazed". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ↑ "Sheikh Hasina". BTRC. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ↑ Rahman, A. L. M. Abdur (18 April 2023). ইতিহাসের আলোকে বঙ্গবন্ধু. Bāṃlādeśa loka-praśāsana patrikā (in Bengali) (16). doi:10.36609/blp.i16th.437. ISSN 1605-7023. S2CID 258222461 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ "Miah, MA Wazed". Banglapedia.
- ↑ "Hasina, Sheikh – Banglapedia". The Business Standard. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ↑ "Home :: Dhaka University". Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs nameddhakatribune.com - ↑ "Sheikh Hasina | World Leaders Forum".
- ↑ "Hasina says Awami League 'never runs away from anything'". Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ↑ "What you need to know about Sheikh Hasina's homecoming". 17 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2023.