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Shekarar Mata ta Duniya

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Shekarar Mata ta Duniya
International Year (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 18 Disamba 1972
Foundational text (en) Fassara United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3275 (en) Fassara da United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3010 (en) Fassara
Lokacin farawa 1975
Commemorates (en) Fassara mace
Mai-tsarawa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Shafin yanar gizo un.org…
1975 Stamp na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don tunawa da Shekarar Mata ta Duniya

Shekarar Mata ta Duniya (IWY) shine sunan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da 1975. Tun daga wannan shekarar an yi bikin Maris 8 a matsayin Ranar Mata ta Duniya, kuma an kafa Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Mata, daga 1976 zuwa 1985, an kuma kafa su.[1][2]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ya fara ne a Birnin New York a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1857, lokacin da ma'aikatan masana'antu mata suka yi tafiya don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin aiki mara adalci da rashin daidaito ga mata. Yana daya daga cikin yajin aiki na farko da mata masu aiki suka shirya, a lokacin da suka yi kira ga gajeren rana ta aiki da albashi mai kyau. Bayan shekaru na aiki da Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Matsayin Mata (CSW) ta yi don karɓar wata sanarwa don kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata, a cikin 1965, CSW ta fara aiki da gaske don samun izinin sanarwar don tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mata. Da yake tattara martani da ya shafi ilimi, aiki, gado, sake fasalin hukunci, da sauran batutuwa, daga 'yan wasan gwamnati, wakilan NGO da ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wakilan CSW sun tsara sanarwar kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata (DEDAW), wanda Babban Taron ya zartar a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1967.[3] Da zarar an sami goyon baya don sanarwar, mataki na gaba shine shirya shi don zama Yarjejeniya. Kodayake akwai jinkiri, a shekara ta 1972, lokacin da Majalisa ta Amurka ta zartar da Title IX, ta kawar da nuna bambanci a ilimi ga kowane ma'aikatar da ke karɓar kudaden tarayya, fatan cewa za a iya samun hanyar.[3]

A halin yanzu, mambobin Ƙungiyar Demokradiyyar Mata ta Duniya (WIDF) sun daɗe suna matsawa don shekara ta mata ta duniya da kuma taron don magance rashin daidaito na mata. Kamar yadda aka sanya WIDF a matsayin mai kallo kuma ba memba na CSW ba, ba za su iya ba da shawarar taron kai tsaye ba amma sun tsara wani tsari. Da yake shawo kan wakilin Romanian na CSW don gabatar da shawarwarinsu, Finland ta goyi bayan hakan. Hakanan, CSW ta amince da shawarar kuma ta gabatar da ita ga Babban Taron, wanda ya ayyana 1975 a matsayin Shekarar Mata ta Duniya a ranar 18 ga Disamba 1972. [4] Ranar ta kasance mai mahimmanci saboda za ta faru a ranar cika shekaru talatin da aka kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[5]

Akwai kalubale, duk da haka, wajen shirya taron. Da farko, matan Soviet sun ki amincewa da kiran taron kuma sun hana tattaunawar, sun fi son karbar bakuncin taron su a Gabashin Berlin wanda ba zai kasance ƙarƙashin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba.[6][7] A matsayin wani ɓangare na siyasar Yaƙin Cold, Amurka ta ba da shawarar cewa taron ba a iyakance shi ga mata ba, amma ya kamata ya zama tsaka-tsaki na jinsi, saboda ba za a dauki taron mata da muhimmanci ba.[8] A ƙarshe, Mexico City ta amince da karɓar bakuncin taron, kuma CSW ta shirya ayyukan don shirya "na'urar" da ake buƙata don tabbatar da wucewar DEDAW.[7] Helvi Sipilä, an zaba ta a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Ci gaban Jama'a da Harkokin Jama'a kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai kula da shirya abubuwan da suka faru na shekara.[3]

Kasashen Duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Birnin Mexico

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An gudanar da taron farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Mata a Birnin Mexico daga 19 ga Yuni zuwa 2 ga Yuli. [2] Fiye da wakilai dubu ne suka halarta. Shahararrun masu halarta sun hada da Elizabeth Reid da Margaret Whitlam na Ostiraliya.[9] Kwamitin taron ya shirya taron na kasa da kasa kuma mata 4,000 ne suka halarta a shekarar 1975. [2]

Taron 1975 ya haifar da karɓar Shirin Ayyuka na Duniya, da kuma sanarwar Mexico kan Daidaitawar Mata da Gudummawarsu ga Ci Gaban da Zaman Lafiya.[6] Ya haifar da kafa hanyoyin sa ido kamar, Cibiyar Bincike da Horarwa ta Duniya don Ci gaban Mata (INSTRAW) da Asusun Ci gaban Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNIFEM) kuma ya fara shirye-shiryen motsi don taron biyo baya, wanda za a gudanar da na farko a 1980 a Copenhagen.

Taron ya kuma kafa lokacin 1975 zuwa 1985 a matsayin Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Mata, don ba da damar kimanta ci gaba da gazawar kuma ya haifar da yin kira ga Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci ga Mata (CEDAW) da sauri.[10][5] Taron na uku na 1985 a Nairobi, Kenya, ba wai kawai ya rufe shekaru goma na mata ba amma ya kafa jerin jadawalin membobin jihohi don cire nuna bambancin jinsi a cikin dokokin ƙasa a shekara ta 2000.[11][12][13]

Gabashin Berlin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An gudanar da taron mata na duniya a Gabashin Berlin a matsayin wani ɓangare na IWY jim kadan bayan taron Mexico City. Ya tsara daidaito na mata a matsayin "gaskiya na ra'ayin gurguzu na haƙƙin ɗan adam".[14] Kungiyar Aiki kan Hakkin Daidaitawa, wanda ya kunshi masana kan gwamnati da doka daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gabashin Jamus, Jami'ar Humboldt da Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Socialist United Party sun ki amincewa da ra'ayin cewa ya kamata 'yancin mata su fada ƙarƙashin wani yanki daban wanda aka tsara ta hanyar jinsi, amma a maimakon haka ya kamata matsayin 'yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya mallake shi.[14] Angela Davis na ɗaya daga cikin manyan baƙi a taron, kamar yadda Hortensia Bussi na Allende, tsohuwar Uwargidan Shugaban Chile.[14] Shirin da jihar ke tallafawa ya ba da shawarar hadin kan mata a cikin gwagwarmayar kasa don 'yantar da mata daga zalunci bisa ga aji, kabilanci da jinsi ta hanyar zamantakewar jihar[14]

Sakamakon

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A sakamakon mayar da hankali ga mata a duniya a 1975, an kafa cibiyoyi da yawa:

  • Cibiyar Bincike da Horarwa ta Duniya don Ci gaban Mata (INSTRAW)
  • Asusun Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Mata (UNIFEM)
  • An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Mata a Kudancin Australia a watan Yuli.[15]

Alamar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Har ila yau, IWY ta ƙaddamar da alamar "tove" da IWY, CEDAW, da UNIFIL suka yi amfani da ita. Wani kurciya mai salo wanda alama ta mace da alamar daidai ta haɗu, alamar ta ba da gudummawa ta kamfanin talla na New York City mai shekaru 27 mai suna Valerie Pettis. Ya kasance alama ce ta hukuma ta Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ana amfani da shi a bukukuwan Ranar Mata ta Duniya har zuwa yau.

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Taron Mata na Kasa
  • Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
  • Gyaran Gine-gine na Daidaita Jima'i
  • NGO CSW/NY
  • Ƙaddamarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 3010
  • Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1325
  • Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Horarwa don Ci gaban Mata
  • Asusun Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Mata
  • 'Yancin mata
  • Sanarwar kan kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata
  • Sanarwar kan kawar da tashin hankali a kan mata
  • EGM: rigakafin cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata
  • Shirin Aiwatar da Duniya don Ƙarshen Rikicin Mata da 'Yan Mata
  • Yarjejeniyar hanawa da yaki da tashin hankali a kan mata da tashin hankali na gida
  • CEDAW

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "International Women's Day". UN.org. United Nations.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "1st World Conference on Women, Mexico 1975". Choike, Third World Institute. Retrieved 15 July 2007. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "choike1453" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Fraser 1999.
  4. ↑ Armstrong 2013.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Background of the Conference" 1976.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ghodsee 2010.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Friedan 1998.
  8. ↑ Teltsch 1974.
  9. ↑ "International Women's Year, 1975". National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2007.
  10. ↑ Pietilä 2007.
  11. ↑ Mary K. Meyer, Elisabeth Prügl. Gender politics in global governance. Rowman & Littlefield, 1999, ISBN 978-0-8476-9161-6, pp. 178–181.
  12. ↑ Anne Winslow. Women, politics, and the United Nations Volume 151 of Contributions in women's studies. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 978-0-313-29522-5, pp. 29–43.
  13. ↑ Chadwick F. Alger. The future of the United Nations system: potential for the twenty-first century. United Nations University Press, 1998 ISBN 978-92-808-0973-2, pp. 252–254.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Donert 2014.
  15. ↑ "Women's Movement page 6". SM Memory, State Library of South Australia. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2007.
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