Shekarun 1930 a Angola
 Shekarun 1930 a Angola | |
|---|---|
events in a specific year or time period (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Angola |
| Mabiyi | 1920s a Angola |
| Ta biyo baya |
1940s in Angola (en) |
| Kwanan wata | 1930s |
A cikin shekarun 1930 a Angola gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Portugal ta António de Oliveira Salazar ta rage kashe kuɗaɗen da take kashewa wajen mulkin mallaka, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar hijira zuwa Angola da raguwar yawan al'ummar Angolan Portuguese.[1]
Gwamnatin Fotigal ta zartar da dokar mulkin mallaka a watan Mayun 1930, tana mai da tsarin mulkin daular tare da iyakance ikon manyan hakimai. Yawan mazauna Angola ya ƙaru daga 30,000 a watan Mayu 1930 zuwa 59,000 a 1931, amma ya ragu zuwa 44,000 a shekarar 1940. Amma a shekara ta 1961, lokacin da aka fara yakin neman 'yancin kai, yawan mutanen ya haura zuwa 170,000.[2][3]
A cikin shekarar 1930, jakadan Portugal a Denmark ya rubuta wa manyansa, yana sanar da su cewa 'yan aware na Angola sun halarci taron Comintern Congress na shida a Moscow, Tarayyar Soviet daga Yuli-Agusta 1928.[4] L'Ami du peuple, jaridar Faransa, ta ruwaito cewa "Negro daga ɗan mulkin mallaka na Portugal na Angola ... ya sanar cikin murmushi mai kamar cin nama cewa lokacin da sa'ar 'yantar da su ya yi sauti, baƙar fata proletariat za su san yadda za su dtauki fansa da ba za a manta da su ba [a kan] masu mulkin mallaka." [4]
Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarun 1930, gwamnatin Salazar ta kafa haraji kan Angola don takaita saka hannun jari daga masu fafatawa da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal yayin da suke saka hannun jari kan ababen more rayuwa na Angola don ƙara fitar da kayayyaki zuwa Portugal.[5] Mutanen Angola sun kammala aikin gina layin dogo na Benguela a shekarar 1929 kuma sun buɗe shi ga sufuri a shekarar 1931.[6] Titin jirgin ƙasa ya saukaka fitar da ma'adinan da aka hako a Katanga ƙarƙashin mulkin Beljiyam ta tashar jiragen ruwa na yammacin Angola. Kamfanin Oppenheimer Trust na Afirka ta Kudu ya samar da kuma fitar da lu'u-lu'u na Angola, wanda hakan ya sa masana'antar lu'u-lu'u ta zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na tattalin arzikin Angola a karon farko a shekarun 1930.[5] 'Yan Angola sun fitar da kofi ton 11,839 a shekarar 1930, wanda ya zarce adadin fitar da kofi na shekara-shekara da ya gabata na tan 11,066 a shekarar 1895.[7] Salazar ya zaɓi masana'anta guda ɗaya a Angola don samar da barasa na masana'antu a shekarar 1932. Masana'antar, tana fafatawa ne kawai da masana'anta da aka zaɓa a ƙasar Mozambique ta mulkin mallaka, ta samo barasa daga molasses kuma ta narkar da samfurin da man fetur don haɓaka amfanin sa.[2] Unfortunately, drought and locusts in 1934 compounded the effects of the Great Depression.[8] Abin baƙin ciki, fari da fari a cikin shekarar 1934 sun haɗa da tasirin Babban Mawuyacin hali. ’Yan asalin ƙasar, ba su iya biyan harajin ’yan mulkin mallaka na dalar Amurka 3.80, sun fuskanci tilastawa shiga aikin bauta da bautar da su. Manoman da dama, da basu da matsuguni, sun yi gwanjon ‘ya’yansu mata domin yin lalata da su. Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Biritaniya Smallbones ya yi wa laƙabi da kuma la'antar manufofin Portugal a matsayin bauta a shekarar 1930. Gwamna-Janar na Portugal na Angola da ministan mulkin mallaka sun musanta zargin kuma Salazar ya kiyaye manufofin.[9]
Gwamnonin mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1929-1930)
- José Dionísio Carneiro de Sousa e Faro, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1930-1931)
- Eduardo Ferreira Viana, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1931-1934)
- Júlio Garcês de Lencastre, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1934-1935)
- António Lopes Matheus, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1935-1939)
- Manoel da Cunha da Costa Marquês Mano, Babban Kwamishinan Angola (1939-1941)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Gallagher, Tom (1983). Portugal: A Twentieth-century Interpretation. pp. 173–174.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Brown, Ian. The Economies of Africa and Asia in the Inter-war Depression. p. 190.
- ↑ Peres, Phyllis (1997). Transculturation and Resistance in Lusophone African Narrative.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Garvey, Marcus; Robert A. Hill (1983). The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers. p. 545. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "d" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tvedten, Inge (1997). Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction. p. 26.
- ↑ Ansprenger, Franz (1989). The Dissolution of the Colonial Empires. pp. 114–115.
- ↑ Konczacki, Zbigniew. Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa. p. 45.
- ↑ Stearns, Peter N. (2001). The Encyclopedia of World History. p. 798.
- ↑ Suzanne, Miers (1988). The End of Slavery in Africa. p. 431.