Shekarun Zinare na Sinima na Najeriya
 Shekarun Zinare na Sinima na Najeriya |
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Zamanin Golden Age ko Golden era su ne kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a tarihin fina-finan Najeriya don zayyana masana'antar daukar hoto ta Najeriya tun daga karshen shekarun 1950 zuwa karshen 1980.[1] Yana ɗaukar yanayin samar da gani da sauti, da kuma hanyar rarraba aiki a wannan lokacin. Wannan lokacin ya fara ne da amincewa da sashin Fina-Finan Najeriya a matsayin sashe a cikin 1954, tare da fim na farko gabaɗaya mai haƙƙin mallaka ga wannan rukunin shine Fincho (1957) na Sam Zebba.
Bayan Nijeriya ta samu ’yancin kai a shekarar 1960, harkar silima ta ci gaba da habaka cikin sauri, inda aka kafa sabbin gidajen sinima. Sakamakon haka, abubuwan da ke cikin Nijeriya a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo sun karu daga ƙarshen 1960 zuwa 1970s, musamman abubuwan da ake samarwa daga Yammacin Najeriya, saboda tsofaffin masu aikin wasan kwaikwayo irin su Hubert Ogunde da Moses Olaiya sun canza zuwa babban allo.[2] A shekarar 1972, Yakubu Gowon ya ba da dokar zama ‘yan asalin kasar, inda ya bukaci a ba wa ‘yan Najeriya kusan gidajen sinima kusan 300 daga hannun masu su na waje zuwa ga ‘yan Nijeriya, wanda hakan ya sa ‘yan Nijeriya da dama ke taka rawa a harkar fim da fim.
Haɓaka man fetur na 1973 zuwa 1978 kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga bunƙasa al'adun fina-finai ba zato ba tsammani a Najeriya, saboda ingantacciyar yanayin tattalin arziki ya ba da dama ga 'yan ƙasa da dama su sami kudaden shiga da za su iya kashewa a gidajen sinima da gidajen talabijin. Bayan fina-finai da dama masu matsakaicin nasara, Papa Ajasco (1984) na Wale Adenuga ya zama ɗaya daga cikin na farko a Najeriya Blockbusters, an ruwaito cewa ya samu kusan ₦61,000 (kimanin 2015 ₦ 21.5 miliyan) a cikin kwanaki uku. Bayan shekara guda, Mosebolatan (1985) na Moses Olaiya shi ma ya samu Naira 107,000 (kimanin 2015 ₦44.2 miliyan) a cikin kwanaki biyar. 1980s kuma lokaci ne na babban bunƙasa a cikin masana'antar talabijin, tare da daidaita littattafai da yawa daga sanannun marubuta zuwa jerin talabijin. Yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen talabijin an fitar da su ta bidiyo. Sakamakon haka, an sami bunƙasa ƙananan cinikin bidiyo na yau da kullun, wanda ya haifar da bullar Bidiyo a cikin 1990s.[3]
Zamanin Zinare ya fara fuskantar babban koma baya a ƙarshen 1980s. An danganta wannan raguwa da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da raguwar darajar Naira, rashin tallafin kuɗi da tallace-tallace, rashin daidaitattun ɗakunan fina-finai da kayan aiki, shirye-shiryen daidaita tsarin gwamnati akai-akai saboda mulkin kama-karya na soja, da kuma rashin kwarewa a bangaren masu aiki. Haka kuma masu ruwa da tsaki sun yi imanin cewa raguwar wannan zamani ya samo asali ne sakamakon sakaci da aka samu sakamakon hako man fetur da ya shafi sauran bangarorin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ma.[9][6] An kuma lura da hakan ne sakamakon karuwar mallakar talbijin a fadin kasar: fina-finan da aka yi a wannan zamani yawanci ana nuna su ne a karshen mako guda kuma ana fitar da su ta bidiyo a mako mai zuwa. Ba shi da ma'ana don ziyartar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, kuma yawancin iyalai sun gwammace su jira 'yan kwanaki don samun hannayensu akan kwafin VHS. A farkon shekarun 1990, kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin manyan gidajen sinima da suka taɓa yin aiki, kuma duk sun rushe kafin 1999. Sai dai, tun daga shekarar 2009, wani yunkuri da ya kunno kai a masana’antar fina-finai na kara farfado da al’adun fina-finan ‘yan Nijeriya cikin hanzari.[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pre-Independence
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1954, kafin Nijeriya ta samu ’yancin kai, masana’antar fina-finan ta Nijeriya ta samu karbuwa a hukumance a matsayin sashe, aka kuma hada ta a matsayin bangare a sashen yada labarai na ma’aikatar yada labarai ta wancan lokacin. Wannan rukunin rukunin gida ne da aka sake tsara shi, wanda ya haɗu da faɗin kalmar 'Nigerian Film Unit' wacce aka kafa a cikin 1949;[2] aikin wannan rukunin fim shine samar da fina-finai na gaskiya da labarai kan al'amuran cikin gida mai mahimmanci, wanda ya haifar da mamaye fina-finai na ilimi a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya a ƙarshen 1950s, aƙalla mutane miliyan 1954 suka buga a mobile zuwa 1954s. a Najeriya, kuma an nuna fina-finan da Sashen Fina-finan Najeriya ke shiryawa kyauta a gidajen sinima 44 da ake da su. Fim na farko gaba ɗaya mai haƙƙin mallaka ga wannan rukunin shine Fincho (1957) na Sam Zebba; Fincho kuma ana kiransa da fim ɗin Najeriya na farko da aka fara ɗaukarsa cikin launi.
Bayan 'Yanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan Najeriya ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, harkar silima ta kara habaka cikin sauri, inda aka kafa sabbin gidajen sinima. Duk da haka, an sami kwararar fina-finai na Amurka, Indiya, Sinawa da Japan; allunan fina-finai na waɗannan ƙasashe sun kasance a ko'ina a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo kuma ƴan wasan kwaikwayo daga waɗannan masana'antu sun shahara sosai a Najeriya. An ba da rahoton cewa yaran Najeriya sun fara sanin halin 'yan Indiyawan Amurka fiye da yadda suka sani game da kungiyar al'adun Mbari Mbayo karkashin jagorancin Wole Soyinka, ko kuma tarihin zamantakewa da al'adun Najeriya.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Irene Calboli; Srividhya Ragavan (2015). Diversity in Intellectual Property: Identities, Interests, and Intersections. Cambridge University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-107-0655-29.
- ↑ Olubomehin, Oladipo O. (2012). "Cinema Business in Lagos, Nigeria Since 1903". Historical Research Letter. 3. ISSN 2225-0964.
- ↑ Nnabuko, J.O.; Anatsui, Tina C. (June 2012). "Nollywood Movies and Nigerian Youths – An Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Research in National Development. 10 (2). ISSN 1596-8308. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ↑ New Nollywood Cinema: from home-video productions back to the screen". Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ↑ Sambe, J. A. (2008). Introduction to Mass Communication in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books Limited