Shelar 'Yanci
| Shelar 'Yanci | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asali | |
| Mawallafi | Abraham Lincoln |
| Shekarar ƙirƙira | 1862 |
| Lokacin bugawa | 1863 |
| Asalin suna | Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States |
| Characteristics | |
| Harshe | Turanci |
| Muhimmin darasi |
slavery in the United States (en)  |
| Tarihi | |
Sanarwar ‘Yantar da ‘Yancinta umarni ne da Shugaban Amurka Abraham Lincoln ya yi na ‘yantar da bayi a jihohi 10. Ya shafi bayi a cikin jihohi har yanzu suna tawaye a cikin 1863 lokacin yakin basasar Amurka . Ba a zahiri ba nan da nan ya 'yantar da duk bayi a cikin waɗannan jihohin, saboda har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin ikon Confederacy . Ta, duk da haka, ya 'yantar da aƙalla bayi 20,000 nan da nan, kuma kusan dukkanin bayi miliyan 4 (bisa ga ƙidayar Amurka ta 1860 ) yayin da sojojin Tarayyar suka shiga cikin jihohin Confederate. Har zuwa gyare-gyare na goma sha uku ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a 1865, jihohi ne kawai ke da ikon kawo karshen bauta a cikin iyakokin su. Lincoln ya ba da sanarwar a matsayin ma'aunin yaƙi a matsayinsa na babban kwamanda .
Sanarwar ta sanya ’yantarwa ya zama burin yakin basasa. Ya kuma raunana ƙoƙarin da Ingila da Faransa ke yi na amincewa da Confederacy a hukumance. Yayin da sojojin Tarayyar suka shiga cikin yankin Rebel (Confederate), sun 'yantar da dubban bayi a kowace rana. Da yawa ba su jira ba, amma sun gudu daga masu su don neman 'yancinsu.
Jihohin bayi biyar ( Jihohin Border ) sun kasance masu aminci ga Ƙungiyar kuma ba su da yaƙi da gwamnatin tarayya . Sanarwar kuma ba ta shafi Tennessee ba, kuma ba ta shafi yankuna a cikin Virginia da Louisiana waɗanda sojojin Tarayyar suka riga sun sarrafa ba.
Sanarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An fitar da sanarwar ne kashi biyu. Ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1862, Lincoln ya ce a cikin kwanaki 100, zai 'yantar da dukan bayi a yankunan da ba a karkashin ikon kungiyar ba. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1863, ya ambaci jihohi goma da sanarwar za ta yi amfani da su: Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Virginia, Florida, da Louisiana. Jihohin kan iyaka guda biyar inda har yanzu bautar ta kasance doka an keɓe su, don haka ba a ambaci sunansu ba, saboda sun kasance masu aminci ga Ƙungiyar kuma ba su kasance cikin tawaye ba. Hakanan ba a ambaci sunan Tennessee ba saboda sojojin Tarayyar sun riga sun sami iko a can. Larduna da dama na Virginia da ke cikin shirin rabuwa da waccan jihar don kafa sabuwar jihar ta West Virginia an ba su suna musamman a matsayin keɓe, kamar yadda wasu majami'u da dama ke kewayen New Orleans a Louisiana. Sakin layi na gaba wani bangare ne na zance daga shelar 'Yanci.
. . . duk mutanen da ake rike da su a matsayin bayi a cikin kowace Jiha ko keɓaɓɓen yanki na Jiha, mutanen da za su yi tawaye ga Amurka, za su kasance a sa'an nan, kuma su ci gaba, kuma su kasance masu 'yanci har abada; da Gwamnatin Zartarwa ta Amurka, gami da sojoji da hukumar sojin ruwa, za su amince da kuma kula da ’yancin irin wadannan mutane, kuma ba za su dauki matakin danne irin wadannan mutane ba. Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana [sai dai wasu parishes masu suna], Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Jojiya, South Carolina, North Carolina, da Virginia, (sai dai kananan hukumomi arba'in da takwas da aka ayyana a matsayin West Virginia [da wasu kananan hukumomi a VA])
Kafin yakin ya kare, wasu daga cikin jihohin kan iyaka da aka kebe sun kawo karshen bautar da ke kan iyakokinsu. Yayin da shelar ta ’yantar da bayi, ba ta sanya bautar da aka haramta ba. Lincoln ya dauki nauyin gyara tsarin mulki don hana bauta. Kwaskwarima na goma sha uku, wanda ya sa bautar da aka haramta a ko'ina a cikin Amurka, an wuce a ƙarshen 1865, watanni takwas bayan an kashe Lincoln .
Wasu ƴan tsirarun bayin da suka rigaya bayan layukan ƙungiyar sun sami 'yantar da su nan da nan. Yayin da dakarun Ƙungiyar suka ci gaba, kusan dukkanin bayi miliyan huɗu an 'yantar da su. Wasu tsofaffin bayi sun shiga cikin sojojin Tarayyar.
Kafin yakin ya kare, wasu daga cikin jihohin kan iyaka da aka kebe sun kawo karshen bautar da ke kan iyakokinsu. Yayin da shelar ta ’yantar da bayi, ba ta sanya bautar da aka haramta ba. Lincoln ya dauki nauyin gyara tsarin mulki don hana bauta. Kwaskwarima na goma sha uku, wanda ya sa bautar da aka haramta a ko'ina a cikin Amurka, an wuce a ƙarshen 1865, watanni takwas bayan an kashe Lincoln .
Gidan hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Sanarwa na Sanarwa a cikin Jamhuriyar Republican (1862) -
Cartoon mai ban tsoro yana cewa Lincoln "ya buga katinsa na ƙarshe" ta hanyar ba da sanarwar -
Shahararren Hotuna na bawa mai mummunan tabo daga bulala (1863) -
Zanen wani baƙar fata yana karanta jarida mai taken "Shawarar Shugaban Ƙasa / Bauta" (1863) -
Wannan wani abin tunawa ne ga Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasa ta Massachusetts ta 54, wadda ta ƙunshi tsofaffin bayi da yawa. -
'Ya'yan bayi guda biyu waɗanda aikin Lincoln ya 'yanta su, kusan 1870
Shafukan da ke da alaƙa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yakin basasar Amurka
- Ƙungiyar
- Ƙungiya ('Yan Tawayen)
- Bauta
Sauran gidajen yanar gizo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Labarin Baƙar fata na Massachusetts na 54 (ɗaya daga cikin rukunin baƙar fata na farko a cikin sojojin Amurka, waɗanda suka ƙunshi tsoffin bayi da yawa waɗanda Sanarwar 'Yanci ta 'yantar da su) (Turanci Mai Sauƙi)