Shirin Carbon na Duniya
 Shirin Carbon na Duniya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | ma'aikata |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 2001 |
| globalcarbonproject.org | |
The Global Carbon Project ( GCP ) kungiya ce da ke neman kididdige hayaki mai gurbata yanayi a duniya da musabbabinsa. An kafa shi a cikin 2001, ayyukansa sun haɗa da kasafin kuɗi na duniya don manyan iskar gas guda uku - carbon dioxide ( CO ), methane ( ), da kuma nitrous oxide ( ) -da kuma ƙarin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce a cikin birane, yanki, tarawa, da gurɓataccen iska.
Babban manufar kungiyar ita ce fahimtar sake zagayowar carbon. Aikin ya haɗu da masana hayaki, masana kimiyya na ƙasa, da masana tattalin arziki don magance matsalar karuwar iskar gas. A cikin 2020, aikin ya fitar da sabon kasafin kudin Methane na Duniya [2] da kuma kasafin kudin Nitrous Oxide na Duniya na farko, [3] iskar gas guda biyu da suka fi rinjaye don dumama bayan carbon dioxide.
The Global Carbon Project yana aiki tare da kungiyoyi da yawa don tattara, nazarin, da kuma buga bayanai game da hayakin gas a cikin hanyar budewa da bayyane, yana samar da bayanan da ke kan shafin yanar gizon da kuma ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen. An kafa shi ne a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Shirin Geosphere-Biosphere na Duniya, Shirin Yanayi na Duniya, Shirye-shiryen Dimensions na Dan Adam na Duniya da Diversitas, a ƙarƙashin laima na Haɗin gwiwar Kimiyya na Tsarin Duniya. Ayyuka masu yawa a cikin wannan haɗin gwiwa daga baya sun zama wani ɓangare na Future Earth a cikin 2014.
Shugaban yanzu na Global Carbon Project shine Rob Jackson na Jami'ar Stanford. Shugabannin da suka gabata sun hada da Naki Nakicenovic na Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya (IIASA), Corinne Le Quéré na Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia, da Philippe Ciais na Cibiyar Pierre Simon Laplace (LSCE). Babban darakta shi ne Josep Canadell na Kungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth (CSIRO) ta Australia. GCP tana da ƙarin ofisoshin kasa da kasa a Tsukuba, Japan, da Seoul, Koriya, da kuma kwamitin gudanar da kimiyya na kasa da kasa wanda ya kunshi masana kimiyya goma sha biyu daga nahiyoyi biyar.
Ga mafi kwanan nan Global Carbon Budget da aka fitar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2, GCP ya samar da burbushin CO2 a cikin 2 don tashi da kashi 2.7% (rashin 1.8% zuwa 3.7%) zuwa rikodin tan biliyan 37.1 (Gt) CO2, [4] kamar yadda manufofi da karfin kasuwa a halin yanzu ba su isa su shawo kan ci gaban amfani da makamashin burbushin burbushin halittu ba.[5] An saita maida hankali ga CO2 na yanayi don ƙaruwa da 2.3 ppm [range 2.0 zuwa 2.6 ppm] don isa 407 ppm a matsakaici a cikin 2018, 45% sama da matakan masana'antu. Karin amfani da iskar gas da mai a duniya shine ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwar yawan CO2 a yau. Amfani da kwal a duniya zai iya ƙaruwa a cikin 2018 amma har yanzu ya kasance ƙasa da tarihinsa a cikin 2013. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an kawar da kwal ta hanyar iskar gas, iska, da hasken rana a wasu ƙasashe.
Ga misalai na sadarwa ta baya daga GCP, a ƙarshen 2 masu bincike daga aikin sun tabbatar da cewa hayakin carbon dioxide ya karu sosai zuwa kashi 3.2% a kowace shekara daga 2000. A lokacin, shugaban kungiyar Dokta Mike Raupach ya bayyana cewa "Wannan alama ce mai matukar damuwa. Yana nuna cewa kokarin da aka yi kwanan nan don rage hayaki ba su da tasiri ga ci gaban hayaki kuma ana buƙatar ƙididdigar gaggawa". Wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2010 wanda aka buga a cikin Nature Geoscience ya nuna cewa tekun duniya suna shan tan biliyan 2.3 na carbon dioxide. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011 binciken da aka fitar daga aikin ya yi ikirarin carbon dioxide daga konewar burbushin burbushin ya tsallake da mafi girma a rikodin a cikin shekara ta 2010 zuwa kashi 5.9 cikin dari daga ci gaban ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1990 kusa da kashi 1 cikin dari a kowace shekara. Rashin konewa na kwal yana wakiltar fiye da rabin ci gaban hayaki, rahoton ya gano. Suna hasashen fitar da iskar gas mai guba zai faru bisa ga yanayin IPCC mafi muni, yayin da maida hankali ga CO2 a cikin yanayi ya kai 500ppm a cikin karni na 21.
Kudin Kasuwancin Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]GCP ce ta kafa shi a shekara ta 2005 da Kasafin Kudin Carbon na Duniya littafi ne na shekara-shekara na tushen sake zagayowar carbon da sinks a matakin duniya. A cikin 2013 wallafe-wallafen shekara-shekara na Kasafin Carbon na Duniya ya zama wallafe-wallo na bayanai masu rai a mujallar Bayanan Kimiyya ta Duniya. Kowace shekara ana sake fasalin bayanai tare da duk wani canji a cikin bincike, sakamakon da kuma fassarar zamani game da halayyar sake zagayowar carbon na duniya.
Ma'auni na asali da bayanan da aka yi amfani da su don kammala kasafin kudin carbon na duniya ana samar da su ne ta hanyar kungiyoyi da kungiyoyin bincike da yawa a duniya.
Kokarin da GCP ta gabatar galibi yana daya daga cikin kira, inda aka tattara sakamakon daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, aka bincika su kuma aka kimanta su don daidaito. GCP yana sauƙaƙa samun dama ga bayanan asali tare da fahimtar cewa za a yi amfani da bayanan farko a cikin aikin nan gaba (Dubi Tebur). A cikin zurfin bayanin kowane bangare ana bayar da su ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen asali da ke da alaƙa da waɗancan bayanan.
Rahoton Kasafin Kudin Carbon na Duniya na 2021 ya nuna cewa an nuna wata hanya don kimanta bambancin hayaki daga canjin amfani da ƙasa daga kayan aikin gas na ƙasa, yana tallafawa kimantawa game da ci gaban yanayi na ƙasa.
| Abinda aka haɗa shi | Bayani na farko |
|---|---|
| Kasuwancin burbushin halittu da fitar da siminti a duniya, ta hanyar nau'in man fetur, da kuma ƙasa | Boden et al. (2013; CDIAC) |
| Abinci-mai da kuma fitar da siminti ta hanyar ƙasa | Peters et al. (2011) sabuntawa kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Le Quéré et al. (2013) |
| Canjin amfani da ƙasa | Houghton da Hackler (a cikin bita) |
| Girman CO2 na yanayi | Dlugokencky da Tans (2013; NOAA/ESRL) |
| Ruwa da ƙasa CO2 sun nutse | Le Quéré et al. (2013) [6] duba nassoshi a cikin takarda don samfuran mutum. |
Atlas na Carbon na Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]GCP ce ta kafa shi a cikin 2013 Global Carbon Atlas kayan aiki ne don ganin bayanan da suka shafi sake zagayowar carbon na duniya.
Global Carbon Atlas dandamali ne don bincikawa da kuma ganin bayanan da suka fi dacewa akan kwararar carbon wanda ya haifar da ayyukan ɗan adam da matakai na halitta. Tasirin ɗan adam akan sake zagayowar carbon shine mafi mahimmancin dalilin canjin yanayi.
Wannan aikace-aikacen yanar gizo yana ba da damar yada mafi kyawun bayanai game da sake zagayowar carbon na duniya ga masu sauraro da yawa, daga yara masu makaranta da kuma mutane ga masu tsara manufofi da masana kimiyya. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku: 1) Bayyanawa, 2) fitarwa da 3) Bincike. Sashe na fadakarwa an yi niyya ne ga jama'a da waɗanda ke aiki a ilimi. Sashe na fitarwa kayan aiki ne na gani don sassan sake zagayowar carbon na duniya waɗanda ke da alaƙa da fitarwa kuma an yi niyya da farko ga masu tsara manufofi. Sashe na bincike an yi niyya ne da farko ga masu bincike kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin ajiyar bayanai da kayan aikin gani don bayanan kimiyya da aka yi amfani da su don bincika kasafin kuɗin carbon na duniya.[7]
Dukkanin abubuwan da ke cikin Global Carbon Atlas ana sabunta su a kowace shekara, kwanan nan a watan Disamba na 2018, bisa ga bayanan da aka buga a cikin Kudin Carbon na Duniya.[8][9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Global Carbon Budget 2021" (PDF). Global Carbon Project. 4 November 2021. p. 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2021.
The cumulative contributions to the global carbon budget from 1850. The carbon imbalance represents the gap in our current understanding of sources & sinks. ... Source: Friedlingstein et al 2021; Global Carbon Project 2021
- ↑ Saunois, Marielle; et al. (2020). "The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 1561–1623. doi:10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Jackson, Robert; et al. (2020). "Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (7): 071002. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab9ed2.
- ↑ Le Quéré, Corinne; et al. (2018). "Global Carbon Budget 2018". Earth System Science Data. 10 (4): 2141. Bibcode:2018ESSD...10.2141L. doi:10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ Jackson, Robert; et al. (2018). "Global Energy Growth is Outpacing Decarbonization" (PDF). Environmental Research Letters. 13 (12): 120401. Bibcode:2018ERL....13l0401J. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaf303. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedLeQuere2013 - ↑ Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G.; Sitch, Stephen; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen P.; Manning, Andrew C.; Boden, Thomas A.; Tans, Pieter P.; Houghton, Richard A.; Keeling, Ralph F.; Alin, Simone; Andrews, Oliver D.; Anthoni, Peter; Barbero, Leticia (2016-11-14). "Global Carbon Budget 2016". Earth System Science Data (in English). 8 (2): 605–649. doi:10.5194/essd-8-605-2016. ISSN 1866-3508. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Sitch, Stephen; Hauck, Judith; Pongratz, Julia; Pickers, Penelope A.; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen P.; Canadell, Josep G.; Arneth, Almut; Arora, Vivek K.; Barbero, Leticia; Bastos, Ana; Bopp, Laurent (2018-12-05). "Global Carbon Budget 2018". Earth System Science Data (in English). 10 (4): 2141–2194. Bibcode:2018ESSD...10.2141L. doi:10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018. ISSN 1866-3508. Archived from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W.; Andrew, Robbie M.; Hauck, Judith; Olsen, Are; Peters, Glen P.; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Le Quéré, Corinne; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Alin, Simone (2020-12-11). "Global Carbon Budget 2020". Earth System Science Data (in English). 12 (4): 3269–3340. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.3269F. doi:10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020. ISSN 1866-3508. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)