Shirin Ruwa na Highlands
 Shirin Ruwa na Highlands | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
engineering project (en)  | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Amfani |
interbasin transfer (en) | |||
| Funder (en) |
Government of South Africa (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Lesotho | |||
| Ma'aikaci |
Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Lesotho | |||
Shirin Ruwa na Lesotho Highlands (LHWP) wani aikin samar da ruwa ne mai gudana tare da bangare na wutar lantarki, wanda aka haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatocin Lesotho da Afirka ta Kudu. Ya ƙunshi tsarin manyan madatsar ruwa da ramuka da yawa a duk faɗin Lesotho kuma yana ba da ruwa ga Tsarin Kogin Vaal a Afirka ta Kudu. A Lesotho, ya haɗa da koguna Malibamatso, Matsoku, Senqu" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Senqunyane">Senqunyane, da Senqu. Shirin canja wurin ruwa ne mafi girma a Afirka.
Manufar aikin ita ce samar da Lesotho da tushen kudaden shiga don musayar samar da ruwa ga Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ga Lesotho.[1] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, kudaden sarauta da Afirka ta Kudu ta biya wa gwamnatin Lesotho sun kai R780 miliyan, daidai da kusan kashi 5 cikin 100 na kudin shiga na jihar Lesotho ba tare da haraji ba.[2] Ikon wutar lantarki ya ba Lesotho damar samun wadataccen kansa a samar da wutar lantarki, duk da haka zargi ya haɗa da asarar abubuwan rayuwa ga mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu da tasirin muhalli.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kokarin ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwa a wurin ya jagoranci Babban Kwamishinan Burtaniya na lokacin Sir Evelyn Baring a cikin shekarun 1950, bayan da injiniyan farar hula na Afirka ta Kudu Ninham Shand ya fara ciki yayin gudanar da bincike da Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da umarni a cikin kogunan Lesotho.[4] Kamar yadda aka fara ɗauka, an san aikin da Shirin Oxbow . [4]
Bayan an gudanar da binciken yiwuwar tsakanin watan Agusta 1983 da Agusta 1986 ta Jamusanci-Birtaniya Lahmeyer MacDonald Consortium, aikin ya fara samuwa.[5] An yi zargin cewa aikin yana da mummunar tasirin zamantakewa da muhalli. Duk da yake an ba da diyya a cikin nau'i kuma an biya wa 'yan gidaje ɗari da madatsar ruwa ta shafa, akwai zargi cewa bai isa ba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an fitar da ruwa daga shirin zuwa kogin Mohokare (Caledon) don samar da ruwa ga Maseru a lokutan ƙarancin ruwa. [6] Sabbin madatsun ruwa sun cika kamar yadda aka zata kuma fitar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa zuwa cikin kogunan da ke ƙasa yana ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wani shiri da aka tsara don kiyaye daidaiton muhalli. Wannan ruwan da aka fitar yana kwarara zuwa Senqu (Orange) kuma yayin da yake kiyaye yanayin muhalli na yanzu yana amfanar waɗannan al'ummomin da ke gefen kogunan ne kawai. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2011)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]
Aikin ya yi tasiri sosai a kan ababen more rayuwa na Lesotho, yayin da aka gina daruruwan kilomita na hanyoyin da aka tsara don inganta damar zuwa wuraren gini daban-daban, tare da hanyoyin 'mai ciyarwa' da ba a gina su ba a kusa da madatsar ruwa.
Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, aikin ya kasance da cin hanci da rashawa wanda ya haifar da shari'o'in kotu da yawa da suka shafi mutane da kamfanoni masu yawa.
Mataki na I
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mataki na aikin ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci don adana ruwa a cikin madatsar ruwan Katse, samar da wutar lantarki da isar da ruwa zuwa Tsarin Kogin Vaal. An tsara matakin na a hankali don Katse Dam ya kasance hanyar haɗi ta yau da kullun ga ƙarin matakai da aka gano yayin nazarin yiwuwar. Dangane da tsarin da aka tsara, Mataki na I ya ƙunshi Mataki na IA wanda ya ƙunshi mahimman abubuwan, da Mataki na IB wanda ke haɓaka amfanin aikin tare da ƙara tushen tushe guda biyu wato madatsar ruwa ta Mohale da Matsoku Weir.
Mataki na IA
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kammala wannan matakin aikin a shekarar 1998. Ya kunshi galibi gina madatsar ruwan Katse a kan Kogin Malibamatšo a Lesotho . An gina ramin canja wurin kilomita 45 (28 daga madatsar ruwa ta Katse zuwa tafkin Muela. An dauki tafkin Muela a matsayin tafkin wutsiya, wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki ga Lesotho. Daga tafkin Muela shine ramin isar da kilomita 37 (23 zuwa fitowar kogin As daga inda ruwa ke gudana zuwa madatsar ruwan Vaal. Kodayake madatsar ruwan Katse tana da ikon samar da wutar lantarki don amfani da gida, ainihin manufar ita ce a matsayin ajiyar ajiya don Mataki na IA, da kuma samar da fitarwa cikin ramin canja wuri.
Don rage asarar mazaunin, an kafa lambunan Katse Botanical don adana shuke-shuke da aka ceto daga yankin da za a ambaliya.[7]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Home | LHDA". www.lhda.org.ls. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ↑ Rousselot, Yannick (31 December 2015). "Upstream Flows of Water: from the Lesotho Highlands to Metropolitan South Africa: Territorialities and Hydropolitics in Southern Africa". Revue de géographie alpine (103–3). doi:10.4000/rga.3023.
- ↑ Keketso, Lawrence (February 2003). "The Mixed Blessings of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project: An Assessment Based on Local Perspectives". Mountain Research and Development. 23 (1): 7–10. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0007:TMBOTL]2.0.CO;2.
- 1 2 Unknown (1970). "Obituary: Ninham Shand, BSc". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. ICE Virtual Library. 45 (2): 379–380. doi:10.1680/iicep.1970.7187. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
In 1953, while carrying out investigations commissioned by the British Government into the rivers of the Lesotho, Shand first conceived the idea of diverting the headwaters of the Orange River from an altitude of some 10 000 ft in the Lesotho Mountains to augment the limited water supplies available for the Witwatersrand and Orange Free State. This pioneering concept became known as the Oxbox Scheme, itself a single element of a much wider plan which captured the imagination of the people of Lesotho.
- ↑ Lang, Chris; Hildyard, Nick; Geary, Kate; Grainger, Matthew (28 February 2000). "Lahmeyer International". Dams Incorporated. The Corner House.
- ↑ Letsie, M.; Allopi, D.; Osorio, A.; Goldschmith, A.; Edelman, D. A. (July 2008). "Maqalika Reservoir: utilisation and sustainability of Maqalika Reservoir as a source of potable water supply for Maseru in Lesotho". IMIESA (in Turanci). 33 (7): 23–33. ISSN 0257-1978.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ "Katse Botanic Garden". Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 9 December 2016.