Shugaba Mata
 Shugaba Mata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1806 |
| Ƙabila |
Gros Ventre people (en)  Crow Nation (en) |
| Mutuwa |
Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (en) , 1854 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
Bíawacheeitchish, a cikin Turanci Woman Chief (kimanin 1806 - 1854), ta kasance bacheeítche (shugaba) kuma jarumar mutanen Crow . Tana sha'awar bin diddigin maza tun tana ƙarama, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin Crows, ta shiga Majalisar Sarakuna a matsayin memba na uku a matsayi. Ta jawo hankalin baƙi na Yamma sosai; tana iya zama mutum ɗaya da " Pine Leaf " wanda James Beckwourth ya bayyana, kodayake ana ƙalubalantar daidaiton wannan labarin.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matar da aka fi sani da Shugabar Mata an haife ta ne a cikin mutanen Gros Ventre ; ba a san sunan haihuwarta ba. Tana da shekaru kimanin 10, wani mayakin Crows ya kama ta a fursuna, kuma wani jarumin Crow ya ɗauke ta a matsayin mai renon ta wanda ya renon ta a tsakanin mutanensa. Ta nuna sha'awar ɗaukar ayyukan maza a al'ada, kuma mahaifinta mai renon ta a bayyane yake yana ƙarfafa ta ta bi sawunta, domin ya rasa 'ya'yansa maza har lahira ko kama su. Ta sami yabo saboda hawan dawakinta, iyawarta ta yin zane, da kuma iyawarta ta yin ado da barewa. Duk da haka, ba kamar sauran Ruhohi Biyu ba, tana sanya tufafin mata na yau da kullun maimakon ɗaukar tufafin maza. Lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu, ta ɗauki shugabancin masaukinsa. [1]
Ta sami suna a matsayin mayaƙi a lokacin wani hari da Blackfoot ta kai kan sansanin soja da ke cike da iyalan Crow da fararen fata. An ruwaito cewa ta yi yaƙi da maharan da dama kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dakile harin. Daga baya ta ɗaga ƙungiyar mayaka ta kuma kai hari kan matsugunan Blackfoot, ta cire dawaki da fatar kai da yawa. Saboda ayyukanta, an amince ta wakilci masaukinta a matsayin bacheeítche (shugaba) a Majalisar Sarakuna kuma an ba ta suna Biawacheeitchish, ko Babbar Mata. Daga ƙarshe ta kai matsayi na uku a cikin gidaje 160 na majalisar. Ta auri mata huɗu, wanda hakan ya ƙara wadata da martabar masaukinta. Ta shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da sauran ƙabilun Upper Missouri bayan Yarjejeniyar Fort Laramie ta 1851, kuma ta yi nasarar sasantawa da Gros Ventres, ƙabilar da aka haife ta. Bayan shekaru da yawa na zaman lafiya, wata ƙungiyar Gros Ventres ta yi wa Babbar Mata kwanton bauna ta kashe ta a 1854. [2]
Baƙi daga ƙasashen yamma waɗanda suka haɗu da Babbar Jagorar Mata, ciki har da Edwin Denig da Rudolph Kurz, sun yi sha'awarta. Yawanci, sun ɗauke ta a matsayin wata babbar jaruma a cikin ƙabilar Kaka kuma sun kwatanta ta da tatsuniyar Amazons of Europe. Bayanansu yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin marasa tushe, kodayake suna ba da cikakkun bayanai masu mahimmanci game da rayuwar Babbar Jagorar Mata. [2] James Beckwourth ya rubuta game da wani jarumin Kaka mai suna Bar-chee-am-pe, ko Pine Leaf, wanda za a iya danganta shi da Babbar Jagorar Mata. Wasu cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar Babbar Jagorar Mata sun yi daidai da abin da aka sani game da Babbar Jagorar Mata, kodayake labarin Beckwourth ya bayyana a matsayin abin ƙari sosai, idan ba gaba ɗaya ba ne na almara. Beckwourth ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya haɗu da Babbar Jagorar Pine yayin da yake zaune tare da Babbar Jagora a shekarun 1820. Ya rubuta cewa ita jaruma ce mai ƙarfi wadda ta yi alƙawarin kashe maƙiya ɗari kafin ta yi aure. Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ya yi soyayya da ita kuma ya nemi aure. Daga cikin waɗanda suka ƙalubalanci labarin Beckwourth akwai Bernard DeVoto, wanda ya rubuta cewa Beckwourth abin dogaro ne sai dai a fannoni uku: lambobi, soyayya, da kuma muhimmancinsa.
Baya ga Shugabar Mata, akwai wasu jaruman mata na ƙasar Crow Nation, ciki har da Akkeekaahuush (Comes Toward The Near Bank, kimanin 1810 - 1880) da Biliíche Héeleelash (Among the Willows, kimanin 1837 - 1912), na biyun fitaccen shugaban yaƙi ne (mai ɗaukar bututu). [1]
Ƙarin karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Benjamin Capps: Shugabar Mata, sabon bugu. 2002: Chivers Press. Littafin , wanda ke nuna rayuwar Pine Leaf ta almara, bisa ga 'yan kaɗan da aka tabbatar da gaskiyar lamarin. Bugun farko. 1979: Doubleday.
- Rose Sobol: Mata Shugaba, 1976: Dial Press.