Shulamith Muller
 Shulamith Muller | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Disamba 1922 |
| Mutuwa | ga Yuli, 1978 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Pretoria |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
lauya da anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
Shulamith Muller (née Movshowitz, Disamba 1922 - Yuli 1978) lauya ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, 'yar gurguzu, kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata.[1] Muller ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da suka yi gwajin shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa na shekarar 1956.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Muller a Pretoria a watan Disamba 1922 ga dangin Bayahude. [1] [2] Muller ta halarci Jami'ar Pretoria inda ta karanta shari'a kuma ta zama lauya a shekarar 1948. [1] A cikin aikinta, ta yi aiki tare da Oliver Tambo, Nelson Mandela, Arthur Chaskalson da George Bizos. [1] Muller ta baiwa ƙungiyar ‘yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu SACTU damar yin aiki a asirce daga ofisoshinta.[3]
Muller ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba Viola Hashe shawara a shekarar 1956 kuma ta hana a kore ta. [4] Muller ta kuma yi roko ga Sophia Williams-De Bruyn.[5] Har ila yau, Muller ta shiga cikin shari'ar cin amanar ƙasa ta 1956 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da suka ba da umarni, yayin da ta ɗauki ciki a wata bakwai.[1]
An kama Muller a lokacin Gaggawa na bayan Sharpeville kuma an ɗaure ta da farko a Fort Johannesburg sannan aka kai ta gidan yari na Pretoria. [1] A gidan yari, ta taimaka wa wasu da taimakon doka. [1] Wani reshe na musamman ya yi mata takunkumi da tsangwama don kada ta ci gaba da yin doka yadda ya kamata. [1] A cikin shekarar 1962, ita da danginta sun gudu zuwa Swaziland. [1]
A watan Agustan 1962, bayan da ta tafi Swaziland, an sanya mata dokar hana fita da wasu ’yan gwagwarmaya 101 a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da hana buga kalamansu da rubuce-rubuce.[6] Afirka ta Kudu ta buge ta daga Roll of Attorney a watan Agusta 1971. [1] Ta mutu a Swaziland a watan Yuli 1978. [1]
Bayan da aka buge ta daga jerin lauyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu fiye da shekaru 30, Muller a ƙarshe Kotun Koli ta Johannesburg ta sake dawo da ita bayan mutuwa a shekarar 2005.[7] Ɗanta, Arnold, ya nemi a maido da shi. [7]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Shulamith Muller". South African History Online. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ↑ Muller, Ruth Nathanya (15 April 2021). "A Certain Legal Practitioner: Reconstructing the Life of Shulamith Muller" (PDF).
- ↑ Hepple, Bob (2011). Alex Hepple: South African Socialist (PDF). South African History Online. p. 71. ISBN 9780620509657.
- ↑ Luckhardt; Wall. "Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU". South African Congress of Trade Unions. South African History Online. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ↑ Ndaba, Baldwin (9 August 2006). "Memories of the Long March to Freedom". The Star. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ↑ Kasischke, Richard (5 August 1962). "New Gag Imposed in S. Africa". The Eugene Guard. Retrieved 13 September 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Your World". The Jerusalem Post. 15 December 2005. Missing or empty
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