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Siege na gundumar PK5

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentSiege na gundumar PK5
Map
 4°22′30″N 18°32′17″E / 4.375°N 18.538°E / 4.375; 18.538
Iri siege (en) Fassara
Kwanan watan 5 Disamba 2013 –  4 ga Janairu, 2020
Wuri PK5 district (en) Fassara

Daga 2013 zuwa 2020, an kewaye kusan Musulmai 15,000 a gundumar PK5 a Bangui, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya . [1][2]

Tarihi

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Kafin Maris 2013 kimanin Musulmai 122,000 ne ke zaune a Bangui.[1] A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, hadin gwiwar Musulmi Séléka ta kama Bangui.

Jerin lokaci

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A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, kungiyar Kirista Anti-balaka ta kai hari kan Bangui. Fiye da gawawwaki 50 aka kawo su masallaci a gundumar PK5. [3] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, kungiyoyin kare kansu sun fito ne a unguwar PK5 a matsayin martani ga hare-haren Anti-balaka.[4]

Sojojin MINUSCA a gundumar PK5, Disamba 2015

A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2015, daya daga cikin shugabannin kungiyoyin kare kansu na PK5, Haroun Gaye, ya tilasta yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a a PK5 don rufewa. A ranar 2 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, MINUSCA, rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta yi kokarin kama shi. Sojojin Gaye sun sami nasarar kawar da hare-haren sojojin kasa da kasa na tsawon sa'o'i bakwai ta amfani da bindigogi, masu jefa rokoki, da grenades, wanda ya ba shi damar tserewa. An kashe mai kiyaye zaman lafiya guda daya kuma takwas sun ji rauni a cikin fada.[5] A ranar 25 ga watan Satumba, don mayar da martani ga kisan direban musulmi, kungiyoyin kare kansu na PK5 sun kai hari kan unguwanni na Kirista a arewacin yankin. Anti-balaka ya amsa ta hanyar gina shingen, yana hana sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shiga wuraren da tashin hankali ya shafa. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, an kashe mutane uku kuma goma sha biyu sun ji rauni a rikice-rikice tsakanin Anti-balaka da kungiyoyin kare kansu bayan Anti-balak ta harbe wani rukuni na yara Musulmi da ke wasa da kwallon kafa.[6] Tsakanin 26 ga Satumba da 13 ga Nuwamba, ƙarin rikice-rikice sun kashe akalla mutane 100, sun kori 35,000, kuma sun lalata fiye da gine-gine 1,075 .[7]

A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2015, Paparoma Francis ya ziyarci gundumar PK5, yana kira ga kawo karshen tashin hankali.[1] A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2016, bayan shekaru biyu na rufe makarantu saboda yanayin tsaro mara kyau, an ba da rahoton cewa makarantu a PK5 za su sake buɗewa kuma su ci gaba da koyar da tsarin karatun.[8] A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, kungiyoyin kare kansu daga PK5 da Boeing sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ba ta da tashin hankali.[9]

A ranar 19 ga watan Yunin 2016, mambobin rundunar kare kansu ta "50/50" sun sace 'yan sanda shida, suna neman a saki' yan uwan su wadanda jami'an tsaro suka kama. A ranar 20 ga Yuni, rikice-rikice ya ɓarke tsakanin MINUSCA da 'yan bindiga wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane bakwai (fararen hula uku da' yan bindiga huɗu) da kuma mai kiyaye zaman lafiya daya da ya ji rauni.[10] A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, tsoffin mayakan Seleka 35, ciki har da Abdoulaye Hissène da Haroun Gaye, sun janye daga PK5.[11] A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, kwamandan 'yan sanda na CAR, Mombéka Marcel, kungiyoyin kare kansu na PK5 ne suka kashe shi.[12] A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, rikice-rikice masu tsanani sun ɓarke tsakanin kungiyoyin kare kansu na "Force" da "50/50", wanda ya haifar da mutuwar 10 ciki har da Abdoul Danda da Issa Kappi . [13]

A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2017, yayin da jami'an tsaro ke kokarin kama shugaban 'yan bindiga Youssouf Malinga (wanda aka fi sani da "Big Man"), an musayar wuta tsakanin kungiyoyi, wanda ya haifar da kashe fararen hula biyu da' yan bindiga biyu (ciki har da YoussouF da kansa). A mayar da martani, 'yan tawaye sun kashe fasto na yankin Jean-Paul Sankagui . [14]

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2018, rikice-rikice ya tashi tsakanin kungiyar kare kai ta "Force" da kungiyar 'yan kasuwa masu dauke da makamai ta "Tola" bayan 'yan kasuwa sun ki biyan haraji ga' yan bindiga. Kasuwanci 47 sun lalace sakamakon haka.[15]

Aikin kawar da makamai da bai yi nasara ba

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zanga-zangar da aka yi wa MINUSCA bayan da Operation Sukula ya gaza

A cikin dare tsakanin 7 da 8 Afrilu 2018, MINUSCA da FACA (sojojin CAR) sun kaddamar da "Operation Sukula" don kawar da kungiyoyin kare kansu na PK5. An kashe 'yan bindiga biyu, fararen hula 45 da' yan bindiga sun ji rauni, kuma masu zaman lafiya 12 sun ji rauni. 'Yan bindiga sun ƙone ofishin 'yan sanda na cikin gida bayan tashiwar jami'an tsaro. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, masu kiyaye zaman lafiya na Rwanda sun shiga cikin yakin bindiga tare da taron mutane masu fushi, wasu daga cikinsu suna dauke da makamai, wadanda ke nuna rashin amincewa da sace wata mace Fulani a gefen gundumar PK5. Sojojin Rwanda sun kashe mutane 30 kuma 100 sun ji rauni, yayin da aka kashe mai kiyaye zaman lafiya na Rwanda daya kuma takwas suka ji rauni. Sojojin tsaro sun janye daga yankin a sakamakon haka.[16][17] A ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, an gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da MINUSCA, inda aka nuna gawawwakin mutane 17 da aka kashe a lokacin rikici.[18]

A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2018, sojojin kare kansu na PK5 karkashin jagorancin Amineri Matar (wanda aka fi sani da "Force") sun mamaye Cocin Fatima, inda suka kashe mutane 27 kuma suka jikkata 170. [9] A ranar 6 ga Mayu, Anti-balaka da ke da goyon bayan jami'an tsaro sun kai hari kan gundumar PK5, amma an kori harin su.[19] A ranar 20 ga Mayu, an ba da rahoton cewa taksi za su ci gaba da aiki a PK5.[20] A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, an kashe mutane shida (ciki har da fararen hula uku da 'yan bindiga uku) kuma 10 sun ji rauni sakamakon harbi tsakanin kungiyoyin 'yan bindigar "Force" da "Moussa Danda". A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, mambobin kungiyar "Apo" sun kashe wata mace mai ciki. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 'yan bindiga biyu daga "50/50" sun ji rauni bayan harbi.[21]

A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2019, Niméri Matar, shugaban kungiyoyin kare kansu na PK5, ya mutu daga rashin lafiya.[22] A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin, rikice-rikice masu tsanani sun ɓarke tsakanin 'yan bindiga, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane hudu da jikkata 26.[23] A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, an kashe 'yan bindiga biyu sakamakon rikice-rikice tsakanin mayakan da ke da aminci ga "LT" da "Kamba-ti-Wa". An tura sojoji na FACA a cikin unguwanni da ke kewaye da su don tabbatar da mutanen da ke tserewa.[24]

Rashin nasarar kungiyoyin kare kansu da sakamakonsa

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A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, 'yan bindiga sun yi kokarin tilasta wa' yan kasuwa su biya haraji kan sayar da kayan wasa na Kirsimeti. A mayar da martani an kashe daya daga cikin 'yan ta'adda. Rikicin ya ɓarke tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu, tare da 'yan tawaye suna ƙone shagunan wasu' yan kasuwa. Akalla mutane 35 sun mutu kuma an ƙone gidaje 50.[25][26] A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da sanarwar yankin da ba ta da makamai a unguwar PK5, wanda ya tilasta mayakan yankin su ajiye makaman su. A ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2020, 'yan sanda sun koma gundumar PK5 a karo na farko cikin shekaru shida.[27] A ranar 15 ga watan Janairu, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta rushe dukkan sansanoni 13 na "tsoffin dakarun kare kansu".[28] A ranar 3 ga watan Maris, an ba da sanarwar cewa karbar haraji na yau da kullun za ta ci gaba a PK5.[29] A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, SODECA, hukumar Rarraba ruwa ta CAR, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a dawo da damar samun ruwa a PK5.[30]

A ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2020, gwamnatin CAR ta kaddamar da kamfen din kawar da makamai a gundumar PK5. Fiye da sojoji 400 da fararen hula 200 sun dawo da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansa, harsashi 104, da harsashi uku. Kimanin tsoffin sojoji 30 da suka yi rajista don tsarin DDR.A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, mambobin kungiyar kare kansu ta "Mujahideen" sun sace wani gida, sun sace fiye da miliyan 150 na CFA Francs. A ranar 2 ga Maris 2021, an kashe mutane biyu kuma shida sun ji rauni bayan sojoji sun yi kokarin kama shugaban kare kansu "Saddam". A ranar 2 ga Mayu, jami'an tsaro sun kama shi a Ramandji, wani ɓangare na Bangui . A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin, an kama tsohon dan bindiga na PK5 "LT" bayan ya yi barazanar jami'an 'yan sanda da bindiga.

Ƙungiyoyin kare kansu

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Niméri Matar, shugaban kungiyoyin PK5 a cikin 2016
Sojan da ke dauke da makamai a gundumar PK5 a shekarar 2015
Rukunin[16] Masu gwagwarmaya Jagora Hedikwatar
Ƙarfi ~80 Niméri Matar (2015-9) Mahamat Rahamat "LT" (2019-) [31]
 ?
Kai ? Youssouf Ayatoulah Adjaraye Bulata
Apo ~30 Mohamed Tahir (har zuwa 2018) [32] Hanyar Koudoukou
50/50 ~50 Issa Kappy (har zuwa 2016) Djido
 Gundumar Kamaru
Moussa Kana ~25 Abdoul Danda (har zuwa 2016) Babbar Yakite

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Pope Francis visits besieged mosque in Central African Republic". The Guardian. 2015-11-30. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18.
  2. ↑ "Siege on Capital's Muslims". Human Rights Watch. 28 March 2014.
  3. ↑ "Escalating bloodshed and reported revenge killings in Central African Republic". Amnesty International. 5 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Dukhan, Nathalia (August 2017). "Splintered warfare" (PDF). Enough Project.
  5. ↑ "Haroun Gaye". UN. 17 December 2015.
  6. ↑ "Tension dans le 3e arrondissement, au moins trois morts". RadioNdekeLuka. 16 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "Central African Republic: New Wave of Killings". Human Rights Watch. 26 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Return to school in Central African Republic". Finn Church Aid. 2 February 2016. Archived from the original on 15 February 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Religious Freedom Report 2018: Central African Republic" (PDF). Aid to the Church in Need.
  10. ↑ "Volatile situation in CAR from 11 June 2016". UNHCR. 22 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Letter dated 5 December 2016 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic extended pursuant to Security Council resolution 2262 (2016) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). Security Council. 5 December 2016.
  12. ↑ "CENTRAFRIQUE / Le Commandant des FACA Mombéka Marcel et son aide camp, assassiné à Bangui". 4 October 2016.
  13. ↑ "Des heurts meurtriers à Bangui". BBC. 31 October 2016.
  14. ↑ "Militia chief among 5 killed in C.Africa clash". 8 February 2017.
  15. ↑ "In Central Africa, traders face off with militia over extortion demands". TimesLIVE. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Letter dated 23 July 2018 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic extended pursuant to resolution 2399 (2018) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). Security Council. 23 July 2018. p. 72.
  17. ↑ "Escalation of Violence in Bangui: Has MINUSCA Become Party to a Conflict in CAR, and What Would That Mean?". 16 April 2018.
  18. ↑ "Le regain de violences à Bangui fait au moins 18 morts, dont un casque bleu". Le Monde. 11 April 2018.
  19. ↑ "Centrafrique : reprise de combat au PK5, les Anti-balaka, appuyés par les FORCES DE DÉFENSE ET DE SÉCURITÉ tentent d'envahir le secteur à nouveau". 6 May 2018. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  20. ↑ "RCA: le retour des taxis au PK5 à Bangui". RFI. 20 May 2018.
  21. ↑ "Letter dated 14 December 2018 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic established pursuant to resolution 2399 (2018) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). Security Council. 14 December 2018.
  22. ↑ "Flash info : tirs d'armes au KM5". 3 June 2019. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  23. ↑ "CENTRAFRIQUE: QUATRE MORTS DANS DES AFFRONTEMENTS AU QUARTIER PK5 DE BANGUI". 12 July 2019.
  24. ↑ "2 morts dans un combat entre les miliciens d'autodéfense rivaux au PK5". 29 November 2019.[permanent dead link]
  25. ↑ "Clashes kill about 40 people in Central African Republic capital: local sources". Xinhua. 27 December 2019. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019.
  26. ↑ "Central African Republic traders in deadly battle over militia taxes in Bangui". BBC. 27 December 2019.
  27. ↑ "Police return to deadly area in C.A.R. capital - first time in six years". 4 April 2020.
  28. ↑ "Central African Republic: UN Peacekeepers Protecting Hundreds Displaced By Central African Republic Fighting". AllAfrica. 15 January 2020.
  29. ↑ "RCA : retour des services des impôts au PK5". JournalDeBangui.com. 25 March 2020.
  30. ↑ Sango, Ndjoni (16 March 2020). "RCA: les habitants de PK5 sensibilisés sur le branchement d'eau par la SODECA".
  31. ↑ Sango, Ndjoni (15 July 2019). "RCA: le nouvel homme fort du PK5, Mahamat Rahamat alias " LT ", successeur de " Force "".
  32. ↑ "Centrafrique : un chef de milice de Bangui tué par un commerçant". 25 November 2018.
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