Siege of Fort Julien
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| Iri |
siege (en)  | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na |
French Revolutionary Wars (en) | |||
| Kwanan watan | ga Afirilu, 1801 | |||
| Wuri |
Fort Julien (mul) | |||
| Ƙasa | Daular Usmaniyya | |||
Siege of Fort Julien wani aikin soji ne da ya faru a lokacin yakin juyin juya halin a ƙasar Faransa a matsayin wani ɓangare na mamayewar Faransa a Masar da Siriya daga ranakun 8 zuwa 19 ga watan Afrilu 1801.[1] Matakin ya kasance tsakanin sojojin Birtaniya da na Ottoman mai yawan mazaje 2,000 da kuma sojojin Faransa da aka yiwa ƙawanya mai mutane 300.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1799, 'yan kwanaki kaɗan kafin yakin Abukir, Faransawa sun mallaki rugujewar katangar a ƙarni na 15 da Sarkin Musulmi Mamluk Sultan Qait Bey ya gina, kuma suka fara aikin sake ginawa cikin gaggawa.[3] Kagarar, wacce ke gefen hagu na kogin Nilu kusa da Rosetta (Rashid), an sake masa suna Fort Julien bayan Thomas Prosper Jullien, ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan Napoleon-de-camp. A lokacin wannan sake ginawa ne aka samu Dutsen Rosetta.[4] Fort Julien ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar haɗin kai a cikin layin tsaron Faransa akan hanyar zuwa Alkahira kuma ya hana shiga daga teku zuwa ƙasan kogin.[5] Jiragen ruwan Faransa sun yi ta aiki a bakin kogin da ke kusa, inda suka tare hanyar shiga bakin kogin Nilu.[4]
Lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka sauka a Abukir Bay a ranar 1 ga watan Maris 1801, Janar John Hely-Hutchinson ya aika Baron Charles De Hompesh ya kama Rosetta. Jimlar mutane kusan 300 ne suka yi garkuwa da Fort Julien, wanda ya ƙunshi rukunin sojoji ko ɓarna da ke samun goyon bayan manyan bindigogi da sojoji daga 61st demi-brigade.[2]
Siege
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Birtaniyya sun yi tattaki a Rosetta a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, tare da rakiyar sojojin Ottoman 1,000, kuma sun matsa kaimi don kewaye katangar tare da runduna ta biyu (Sarauniya ta Sarauniya) na ƙafa a ƙarƙashin Lord Dalhousie.[3]
Mamayewar ta ɗaure saboda wahalhalun da aka samu wajen kawo makaman yaki a sansanin, aikin da ya ɗauki kwanaki takwas. Dole ne a ja jiragen ruwa bakwai na tsawon 3 miles (5 km) haye yashi da laka kafin a sake sake su akan kogin Nilu.[4] Yayin da karusan sojan ruwa mai nauyin fam 24 suka sauƙa a gaɓar tekun kuma suka ja da nisan 4 miles (6 km) a kan ƙasa don isa wurin harbinsu.[3] Janar Robert Lawson na Royal Artillery ya ɗauki shawarar yin amfani da cannonades na ruwa maimakon ma'auni mai nauyi 24-pounders a cikin zato wanda ya tabbatar da daidai cewa simintin da Faransawa ke amfani da su a cikin gaggawa na inganta aikin su ba zai yi tsanani ba. 'Yan adawar Birtaniya ne suka kora jiragen na Faransa da baya, lamarin da ya baiwa wasu kwale-kwalen na Burtaniya da Turkiyya damar shiga kogin.[3]
A ranar 16 ga t Afrilu an kammala shirye-shiryen bindigu kuma an fara kai hare-hare, inda aka mai da hankali kan kusurwar kudu maso yamma na sansanin. Wani sashe na bangon ya rushe a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, wanda ya fallasa masu tsaron Faransa ga masu harbin Turkiyya.[4] Sai Faransawa suka ɗaga farar tutoci; kuma bayan tattaunawa Faransa ta amince da miƙa wuya.[3]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da misalin karfe 11:00 na ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu, mambobi 264 da suka tsira daga cikin sojojin Faransa suka fita, ta haka ne suka buɗe kogin Nilu zuwa ga jiragen ruwa na Biritaniya da Turkiyya.[3] Faransawa sun yi asarar rayuka 41, an kashe su da raunata, yayin da ɓangaren Birtaniyya ta yi asarar Laftanar ɗaya da wasu masu zaman kansu biyu. An ɗauki Rossetta daga baya ba tare da wata hamayya ba.[4]
Daga nan Hutchinson ya saka hannun jari a birnin Alkahira kuma a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni rundunar sojojin Faransa mai karfi 13,000 ƙarƙashin Janar Augustin Daniel Belliard, wanda ba a san shi ba, ya miƙa wuya.[6] Janar John Moore ya raka su bakin teku ta Rosetta.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Moore, James Carrick (1833). The life of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore, K.B. Volume 1 of The Life of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore, K.B. John Murray. p. 308.
- 1 2 McGregor, John James (1828). History of the French Revolution: And of the Wars Resulting from that Memorable Event, Volume 7 History of the French Revolution: And of the Wars Resulting from that Memorable Event. G.B. Whittaker. pp. 147–49.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mackesy, pp 156–157
- 1 2 3 4 5 Walsh pp 117–18
- ↑ Saunders p 134
- 1 2 Barthorp p. 6
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Barthorp, Michael (1992). Napoleon's Egyptian Campaigns 1798–1801. Osprey Publishing.
- Mackesy, Piers (2013). British Victory in Egypt, 1801: The End of Napoleon's Conquest. Routledge. ISBN 9781134953578.
- Saunders, Nicholas J (2007). Alexander's Tomb: The Two Thousand Year Obsession to Find the Lost Conqueror. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07203-3.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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