Silvio Berlusconi
.png){kind=small}
Berlusconi ya tashi cikin manyan masu kudi na Italiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Ya kasance mai kula da hannun jari na Mediaset kuma ya mallaki kungiyar Kwallon ƙafa na Italiya AC Milan daga 1986 zuwa 2017. An ba shi lakabi Il Cavaliere ('The Knight') saboda Order of Merit for Labour; ya yi murabus da son rai daga wannan tsari a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014. [1] A shekara ta 2009, Forbes ya sanya shi na 12 a cikin Jerin Mutanen da suka fi iko a Duniya saboda mamayar siyasar Italiya a cikin sama da shekaru goma sha biyar a matsayin shugaban hadin gwiwar tsakiya-dama.[2]
Berlusconi ya kasance Firayim Minista na tsawon shekaru tara, wanda ya sa ya zama Firayim Ministan Italiya mafi tsawo bayan yakin, kuma na uku mafi tsawo tun lokacin da aka Haɗin Italiya, bayan Benito Mussolini da Giovanni Giolitti . Ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Forza Italia ta tsakiya daga 1994 zuwa 2009, da kuma jam'iyyar da ta maye gurbinsa The People of Freedom daga 2009 zuwa 2013. Ya jagoranci Forza Italia daga 2013 zuwa 2023.[1] Berlusconi ya kasance babban shugaban G8 daga 2009 har zuwa 2011, kuma ya riƙe rikodin don karɓar bakuncin taron koli na G8 (wanda ya karɓi bakuncin taron uku a Italiya). Bayan ya yi kusan shekaru 19 a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai, ƙananan majalisar dokokin ƙasar, ya zama memba na Majalisar Dattijai bayan Babban zaben Italiya na 2013.
A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, Kotun Koli ta yanke wa Berlusconi hukunci kan Cin hanci da rashawa. An tabbatar da hukuncin da aka yanke masa na shekaru hudu a kurkuku, kuma an dakatar da shi daga rike mukamin gwamnati na tsawon shekaru biyu. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 76, an cire shi daga ɗaurin kai tsaye, kuma a maimakon haka ya yi masa hukuncin ta hanyar yin aikin al'umma ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba.[3] Shekaru uku na hukuncinsa an gafarta su ta atomatik a karkashin dokar Italiya; saboda an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku sama da shekaru biyu, an dakatar da shi daga rike mukamin majalisa na tsawon shekaru shida kuma an kore shi daga Majalisar Dattijai. Berlusconi ya yi alkawarin zama shugaban Forza Italia a duk lokacin da aka yanke masa hukuncin tsare shi da kuma haramta wa'adin gwamnati.[3] Bayan haramcinsa ya ƙare, Berlusconi ya tsaya takara kuma an yafe shi a matsayin dan majalisa a zaben 2019 na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai.[4] Ya koma Majalisar Dattijai bayan ya lashe kujerar a Babban zaben Italiya na 2022, sannan ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa daga rikitarwa na cutar sankarar jini, kuma an ba shi jana'izar jihar.[5][6]
An san Berlusconi da salon siyasa na populistic da kuma halin mutum. A cikin dogon lokacinsa, ana yawan zarge shi da kasancewa shugaba mai iko da mutum mai ƙarfi. A lokacin da yake da iko, Berlusconi shine mutum mafi arziki a Italiya, ya mallaki manyan tashoshin talabijin guda uku na kasar, kuma ya mallaki kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen kasa na RAI ta hanyar gwamnatinsa. Ya kasance mai mallakar babbar kamfanin wallafe-wallafen Italiya, jaridu da mujallu da yawa, kuma ɗayan manyan Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a Turai. A lokacin mutuwarsa, The Guardian ya rubuta cewa Berlusconi "ya tara kansa da iko fiye da yadda mutum daya ya taɓa amfani da shi a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma". Berlusconi ya kasance mai rikitarwa wanda ya raba ra'ayin jama'a da masu sharhi na siyasa. Magoya bayansa sun jaddada kwarewarsa ta jagoranci da ikon kirkira, manufofinsa na kasafin kudi bisa ga rage haraji, da kuma ikonsa na kula da dangantaka ta kasashen waje mai karfi da kusa da Amurka da Rasha.[7] Gabaɗaya, masu sukar suna magana game da aikinsa a matsayin ɗan siyasa da ka'idojin ayyukansa na gwamnati dangane da mallakar kasuwancinsa. Batutuwan da suka shafi tsohon sun hada da zarge-zargen rashin kula da kasafin kudin jihar da kuma kara bashin gwamnatin Italiya. Karyata ta biyu ta shafi gwagwarmayar da yake yi wa bukatun kansa yayin da yake ofis, gami da amfana daga ci gaban kamfanoninsa saboda manufofin da gwamnatocinsa suka inganta, yana da rikice-rikice masu yawa saboda mallakar daular kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma cin zarafinsa a matsayin jagora saboda rayuwarsa ta sirri. [8]
Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Berlusconi a 1936 a Milan, inda ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi. Mahaifinsa, Luigi Berlusconi, ma'aikacin banki ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Rosa Bossi, uwar gida ce.[9] Shi ne na farko cikin yara uku; yana da 'yar'uwa, Maria Francesca Antonietta, da ɗan'uwa, Paolo . [10]
i ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Milan, ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a 1961, tare da rubutun kan fannonin shari'a na talla. Ba a buƙatar shi ya yi aiki na shekara guda a cikin Sojojin Italiya wanda ya zama tilas a lokacin. A lokacin karatunsa na jami'a, ya buga bass a cikin ƙungiyar da aka kafa tare da Shugaban Mediaset na yanzu kuma mai son pianist Fedele Confalonieri kuma a wasu lokuta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da jirgin ruwa. Daga baya a rayuwarsa, ya rubuta taken AC Milan tare da mai gabatar da kiɗa na Italiya da mawaƙa Tony Renis da taken Forza Italia tare da darektan opera Renato Serio . Tare da mawaƙin Neapolitan Mariano Apicella, ya rubuta waƙoƙin waƙoƙi biyu na Neapolitan: Meglio 'na canzone a 2003 da L'ultimo amore a 2006.
A shekara ta 1965, Berlusconi ya auri Carla Elvira Dall'Oglio, kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu: Maria Elvira, wanda aka fi sani da Marina (an haife ta 1966), da Pier Silvio (an haifee ta 1969). A shekara ta 1980, Berlusconi ya kafa dangantaka da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Veronica Lario (an haife ta Miriam Bartolini), tare da ita daga baya ya haifi' ya'ya uku: Barbara (an haifi ta 1984), Eleonora (an haifu ta 1986), da Luigi (an haifa ta 1988). Ya sake auren Dall'Oglio a shekarar 1985, kuma ya auri Lario a shekarar 1990. A wannan lokacin, Berlusconi sanannen ɗan kasuwa ne, kuma bikin aurensa sanannen taron jama'a ne. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutanensa shine Bettino Craxi, tsohon Firayim Minista kuma shugaban Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Italiya. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Lario ta sanar da cewa za ta nemi saki. A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an umarci Berlusconi ya biya Lario dala miliyan 48 a shekara a cikin yarjejeniyar saki, amma zai iya ci gaba da gidan dala miliyan 100 da suke zaune tare da 'ya'yansu uku.
Ayyukan kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Milano Due
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
MANAZARTA
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi". Biography. A&E Television Networks. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. Updated 26 February 2018.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi & family". Forbes. June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- 1 2 Parks, Tim (24 August 2013). "Holding Italy Hostage". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
- ↑ Roberts, Hannah (27 May 2019). "Silvio Berlusconi is back on the Italian political scene. How did he get there?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi". Biography. A&E Television Networks. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. Updated 26 February 2018.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi & family". Forbes. June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi". Biography. A&E Television Networks. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. Updated 26 February 2018.
- ↑ Zitelli, Andrea (19 December 2011). "Debito pubblico: il record assoluto è di Berlusconi". Valigia Blu (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi & family". Forbes. June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi". Biography. A&E Television Networks. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. Updated 26 February 2018.