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Sinopec

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Sinopec

Bayanai
Iriginin daji, public company (en) Fassara da gas station chain (en) Fassara
Masana'antapetroleum industry (en) Fassara
ƘasaSin
Aiki
Mamba naBoao Forum for Asia (en) Fassara
Ma'aikata351,019 (2015)
Mulki
HedkwataBeijing
Tsari a hukumancejoint-stock company (en) Fassara
MamallakiChina Petrochemical Corporation (en) Fassara
Financial data
Haraji2,742,779,810,000 ¥ (2018)
Stock exchange (en) FassaraHong Kong Stock Exchange (mul) Fassara da Shanghai Stock Exchange (en) Fassara
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira2000
Founded inBeijing
sinopecgroup.com

Kamfanin Man Fetur da Sinopec na China, ko kuma Sinopec Group, wani kamfanin mai da iskar gas ne na kasar Sin da ke gundumar Chaoyang, Beijing. SASAC tana gudanar da ƙungiyar ne domin amfanin Majalisar Jiha ta China . Sinopec Group tana gudanar da wani reshe na gwamnati da ake sayarwa a bainar jama'a, wanda kuma ake kira Sinopec, wanda aka jera a kasuwannin hannayen jari na Hong Kong da Shanghai . Sinopec Group ita ce babbar kamfanin tace mai a duniya, mallakar gwamnati, kuma ita ce ta shida a jerin kamfanonin da ke samun kudin shiga mafi girma a duniya.

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Na cikin gida

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekarar 1994, Sinopec tana cikin manyan kamfanonin gwamnati mallakar masana'antu na kasar Sin wadanda aka zaba don shirin gwaji na sake fasalin kamfanoni masu rike da gwamnati, wanda hakan ya ba da damar yin jerin kadarorin rassanta na jama'a. : 49 

An kafa Sinopec Limited a matsayin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin China Petrochemical Corporation Group (Sinopec Group) a watan Fabrairun 2000. An saka sunan kamfanin a Hong Kong, New York, da London a lokaci guda a watan Oktoba na 2000. Kamfanin IPO ya tara dala biliyan 3.5.[1] :146An kammala jerin sunayen kamfanonin da ke Shanghai a watan Yunin 2001.[ana buƙatar hujja] Kafin a fara aiki da shi a matsayin kamfani, kadarorin Sinopec sun fito ne daga Ma'aikatar Masana'antar Man Fetur da Ma'aikatar Masana'antar Sinopec waɗanda suka zama masu zaman kansu a shekarun 1980.[2] :592Ganin cewa kamfanin Sinopec Group ya kafa tarihi a fannin haƙar mai, masu sharhi sun rarraba shi a matsayin kamfanin da ya fi PetroChina samun riba fiye da sauran kamfanonin mai.[2] :592–593Duk da haka, tun daga shekarar 1998 Sinopec ta faɗaɗa zuwa ayyukan da suka shafi sama.[2] :592–593Wannan faɗaɗawar ta fara ne da musayar kadarorin da gwamnati ta ba wa Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ƙasa na China (CNPC) wanda ya ba wa CNPC wasu daga cikin matatun mai na Sinopec a madadin Sinopec da ta sayi wasu daga cikin kadarorin CNPC.[1] :146[3]

Kasar Sin ta shiga cikin WTO a shekarar 2001, wanda wasu kwararru suka yi iƙirarin cewa ya ƙara matsin lamba ga masana'antar mai ta cikin gida don ta kasance mai inganci.[3] [4] A yayin da ake shirin fara amfani da wannan tsari a bainar jama'a, Sinopec ta kori sama da guraben aiki 200,000 daga cikin jerin sunayenta.[5]

BP ta haɗu da Sinopec, a shekara ta 2005, don gina masana'antar samar da ethylene ta SECCO tare da saka hannun jari na farko na dala biliyan 2.7.[6] Tana cikin masana'antar sinadarai ta Shanghai, kuma tana samar da sama da tan miliyan 3.2 na kayayyakin mai a kowace shekara.[7] [8] A shekarar 2017, Sinopec ta sayi sauran hannun jarin BP a SECCO ta hanyar reshenta na Gaoqiao kan dala biliyan 1.68.[7] [9] Ayyukan Gaoqiao sun riga sun fara ƙirƙirar Sinopec kuma tana gudanar da masana'antu 75 don samar da kayayyakin mai da aka gama kamar mai, mai, da mahaɗan halitta.[10] [8] Ineos ya sayi rabin kason Sinopec na SECCO a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa mai faɗi.[6]

Sinopec tana gudanar da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Jiujang wanda aka fara ginawa a shekarar 1975 kuma an samu ci gaba da dama a tsawon lokaci.[11] [12] Matatar tana sarrafa tan miliyan 8 na ɗanyen mai a kowace shekara.[13] Xi Jinping ya ziyarci matatar mai a shekarar 2023, lokacin da kamfanin ya nuna muhimmancin gurguzu tare da halayen kasar Sin tare da bayar da kyaututtuka. :3

Sinopec ta samu ribar aiki da kashi 6.8% a shekarar kuɗi ta 2006. Ribar ta takaita ne ta hanyar tsarin farashin gwamnati kan kayayyakin mai da ke cikin ƙasa. Hukumar Raya Kasa da Gyaran Kasa ta kayyade farashin man fetur da dizal, kuma Ma'aikatar Kudi ta tara harajin da ya wuce kima kan ribar da ake samu daga sama.[1] :147–148A farkon shekarar 2006, sayar da mai da dizal na kasar Sin ba su da riba ga Sinopec kuma tallace-tallacen sun shafi harkokin kudi na kamfanin. Domin matsa lamba ga NDRC, Sinopec da CNPC sun yanke samar da famfon, wanda hakan ya haifar da layuka masu tsawo a famfon. Wannan ya sa NDRC ta amince da karin kashi 15% a farashin famfon. Domin rage asarar da aka samu daga tsarin farashi, jihar ta bai wa Sinopec tallafin dala biliyan 1.1 a shekarar 2005 da kuma dala miliyan 647 a shekarar 2006.[1] :152Wannan misalin kuɗi ya nuna yadda Sinopec ta aiwatar da ribar da aka daidaita a manufofinta. :8Hanyoyin China kan yadda ake bayyana, ƙididdigewa, da kuma bayar da rahoto kan ribar da manufofin siyasa ke ci gaba da cin karo da juna sun ci gaba a tsawon lokaci. Wasu masu sharhi kan Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Shanghai, inda Sinopec ke ciniki, suna kiran waɗannan hanyoyin "ƙimar da ke da halaye na Sin".[14] Sinopec ta nuna hanyar "riba ɗaya, ƙimar biyar" a cikin 2023.[14] [15] :8Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar tantance aikin kamfanin tare da riba, "rabo tsakanin kadarori da alhakin kadarori, ribar da aka samu akan hannun jari, rabon kuɗin aiki, yawan aikin ma'aikata, da kuma ƙarfin saka hannun jari na bincike da ci gaba".[14]

Ana yawan ganin tashoshin mai na Sinopec a titunan China da koguna.

A watan Fabrairun 2007, Saudi Aramco da Exxon sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da Sinopec don sake fasalin matatar mai ta Fujian tare da ninka ƙarfinta sau uku zuwa 240,000 barrels per day (38,000 m3/d) kafin 2009.[16] Zuba jarin Saudi Aramco ya dace da dabarun saboda Saudi Aramco tana samar da mai mai nauyi wanda ba a fifita shi ga sauran matatun mai na China ba. Aramco, Exxon da Sinopec sun kuma sanya hannu kan kwangiloli don wani kamfani na tallata mai wanda zai kula da tashoshin sabis 750 da kuma hanyar sadarwa ta tashoshi a lardin Fujian. Kamfanonin su sun kuma faɗaɗa haɗin gwiwa a Tianjin a shekara mai zuwa. Sun zuba jari sama da dala biliyan 3 daga 2008 zuwa 2019 don fadada karfin samar da sinadarin ethylene sau da yawa, kuma a karshe sun cimma tan miliyan 1.3 a kowace shekara na samarwa. [17] A Fujian, Sinopec kuma tana gudanar da wurin shakatawa na masana'antu na Gulei. Ya fara ne a matsayin haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar kamfanonin Taiwan da ke aiki a matsayin Dynamic Ever Investments a shekarar 2015. Kamfanin ya ɗauki jarin dala biliyan 4 kuma yana da ƙarfin samar da tan miliyan 1 na ethylene a kowace shekara. [18] [19] [20] A lokacin da aka amince da shi, shi ne kawai kamfanin haɗin gwiwar man fetur na Taiwan a babban yankin China.[21] Reshen Fujian na NDRC wanda ke da hannun jari kashi 25% a cikin aikin ne ya amince da shi. Kamfanin ya fara samar da sinadarai masu guba a shekarar 2018 kuma ya fara aiki a intanet a shekarar 2021.[20] [18] Mataki na biyu ya fara ne a shekarar 2024, lokacin da Saudi Aramco ta ƙara zuba jari na dala biliyan 9.8 a fannin. An tsara cewa waɗannan faɗaɗawar za su fara aiki gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2030.

Sinopec ta kammala gina sabuwar masana'antar ethylene a Wuhan a ƙarshen shekarar 2012. An yi ginin wannan masana'antar ne a matsayin haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar SK ta Koriya ta Kudu. An tsara wannan cibiyar ne bisa ga burin Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyaran Ƙasa na samar da ƙarin sinadarin ethylene a cikin gida domin rage dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje. Zai samar da tan 800,000 a kowace shekara wanda hakan wani muhimmin mataki ne ga burin NDRC na shekarar 2015 na haɓaka samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida da tan miliyan 7.5 a kowace shekara. [22] A watan Maris na 2013, Sinopec ta amince ta biya dala biliyan 1.5 ga kadarorin kamfaninta na asali da ke samar da mai da iskar gas a ƙasashen waje.

An kafa Kamfanin Kayayyakin Man Fetur na Zhejiang a shekarar 1950, amma ya fara aiki a ƙarƙashin kamfanin Sinopec a shekarar 1998. Ita ce babbar matatar mai a Sinopec kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni a Zhejiang.[1] Sinopec ta ci gaba da inganta ƙarfin tacewa kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan matatun mai a duniya.[2] [3] Matatar tana fifita fitar da sinadarai marasa mai a farashi mai girma fiye da matatun mai iri ɗaya. Wannan babban samar da sinadarai masu ƙamshi, musamman na sinadarai masu ƙamshi, yana cutar da masu fafatawa da ƙasashen waje.[3] Wannan ya jawo hankalin ƙarin jari a China daga Saudi Aramco wanda ya sami kashi 10% na hannun jari a Kamfanin Kayayyakin Man Fetur na Zhejiang a shekarar 2023.[4] [5]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 4 Houser, Trevor (2008). "The Roots of Chinese Oil Investment Abroad". Asia Policy (5): 141–166. ISSN 1559-0968. JSTOR 24904649.
  2. 1 2 3 Hardus, Sarah (8 October 2014). "Chinese National Oil Companies in Ghana: The Cases of cnooc and Sinopec". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology. 13 (5–6): 588–612. doi:10.1163/15691497-12341319.
  3. 1 2 YUAN, S; CHEN, Y; Weeks, Ann (2000). "An Update on China's Oil Sector Overhaul". China Business Review. 27 (2): 36.
  4. ↑ "WTO China - Member information". www.wto.org. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  5. ↑ "Sinopec to slash jobs". Chemical Week. 159 (26): 8. July 2, 1997.
  6. 1 2 Tullo, Alexander H. (July 29, 2022). "Ineos makes major China push through deals with Sinopec". Chemical & Engineering News. ISSN 0009-2347. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  7. 1 2 "Who We Are". www.secco.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-05-23. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Sinopec to buy BP's interest in SECCO for $1.68 billion". Oil & Gas Journal. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  9. ↑ "BP agrees sale of interest in SECCO to Sinopec". BP. April 27, 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  10. ↑ "Gaoqiao". www.sinopecgroup.com. Sinopec. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  11. ↑ "SINOPEC Jiujiang Company". Sinopec.com. Sinopec. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  12. ↑ "The Overall Design of Jiujiang Petrochemical Project Passed the Review |". lpec.sinopec.com. Sinopec. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "spslow".
  14. 1 2 3 "The Necessity and Suggestions for Enhancing Central SOEs' Market Value (Source: Chin@Moments) | SHANGHAI STOCK EXCHANGE". english.sse.com.cn. 22 Feb 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "annualGroup2023".
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "way3".
  17. ↑ "中沙合资天津100万吨/年乙烯及配套项目通过核准" [The Sino-Saudi Joint Venture Tianjin 1 Million Tons/Year Ethylene and Supporting Project Approved]. www.ndrc.gov.cn. July 14, 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  18. 1 2 "The latest progress of China's 9 major refining and chemical projects!". ECHEMI. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  19. ↑ aranyamondal (2024-11-19). "petrochemical complex in Fujian province of China". Offshore Technology. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  20. 1 2 "China, Taiwan JV break ground on ethylene complex". Oil & Gas Journal. 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  21. ↑ Brelsford, Robert (24 January 2024). "SABIC, partner approve investment for new ethylene complex in China". Oil & Gas Journal. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  22. ↑ "武汉80万吨/年乙烯工程变更投资主体通过核准" [The Change of Investment Entity for the Wuhan 800,000 Tons/Year Ethylene Project Approved]. NDRC.gov.cn (in Harshen Sinanci). National Development and Reform Commission. May 27, 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
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