Siwa Oasis
 Siwa Oasis | ||||
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oasis (en)  da depression (en) | ||||
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| Bayanai | ||||
| Suna a harshen gida | سيوة da ⵉⵙⵉⵡⴰⵏ | |||
| Ƙasa | Misra | |||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci |
Egypt Standard Time (en) | |||
| Heritage designation (en) |
Tentative World Heritage Site (en) | |||
| Shafin yanar gizo | siwaoasis.com | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Misra | |||
| Governorate of Egypt (en) | Matruh Governorate (en) | |||
| Kism (en) | Siwa (en) | |||
Siwa oasis (Arabic) birni ne a Masar. Tana tsakanin Qattara Depression da Great Sand Sea a cikin Yammacin Yamma, kilomita 50 (31 gabashin iyakar Masar da Libya da kilomita 560 (350 daga babban birnin Masar na Alkahira.[1][2] An san shi da rawar da ya taka a tsohuwar Misira a matsayin gidan wani annabi na Amun, wanda rushewar ya zama sanannen jan hankali ga yawon bude ido, yana ba shi tsohon sunan Oasis na Amun-Ra, bayan babban Allahn Masar.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Oasis yana cikin zurfin rami wanda ya kai -19 mita (-62 a ƙasa da matakin teku.[3] A yamma, al Jaghbub Oasis yana kwance a cikin irin wannan baƙin ciki kuma a gabas, babban Qattara Depression yana ƙasa da matakin teku. Rashin lafiya yana da kyau saboda maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ban ruwa. Shafin yanar gizo ne na kimanin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa 200.[4] Siwa tana kusa da tsaunin hamadar Libya. Ilimin ilimin ƙasa yana da nau'o'i na dutse mai laushi wanda ke canzawa tare da marls da yumɓu tun daga Miocene.[5] Dutsen dutse da inselbergs wanda ya samo asali ne daga rushewar oasis tare da dunes suna haifar da abubuwan da Isiwan ke bayyanawa a matsayin duwatsu (adrar a Tamazight). [6] Ana ciyar da manyan tabkuna biyu na gishiri ta hanyar ruwa mai zurfi na asalin noma. Oasis ɗin yana tallafawa noman dubban dabino da zaitun.[4] Siwa tana da yanayin hamada mai sanyi.[7]
Sunan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan tsohuwar Masarawa na oasis shine S10 j, ma'ana "Field of Trees". Za'a iya adana sunan asalin ƙasar Libya a cikin harshen Masar T̠ (j) n d̠rw "t̠j a kan iyaka" inda t̠́́ ya rubuta sunan Palaeo-Berber na yankin *Se ko *Sa . [8] Wannan sunan ya tsira a cikin ayyukan masu ilimin ƙasa na Musulmai kamar Stansar Santariyyah. .
Siwah shine sunan Larabci na oasis da ake kira Sali a cikin Berber . [9] Ana kuma kiran oasis ɗin Isiwan a cikin Berber na zamani.
Maganar kalmar سيوة Siwah ba a bayyane take ba. Champollion ya samo shi daga Coptic ː (soouh) - cin hanci da rashawa daga kalmar Masar don "oasis", ː (ouoh). Ƙarin shaidar asalin Masar na sunan Siwa wani sunan wuri ne a cikin Kharga Oasis wanda zai iya raba wannan asalin - S.t-wāḥ, Deir el-Hagar na zamani). [10] Basset ya haɗa shi da sunan ƙabilar Berber swh wanda aka tabbatar da shi a yamma a farkon zamanin Islama, yayin da Ilahiane, biye da Chafik, ya haɗa shi zuwa kalmar Shilha Berber asiwan, wani nau'in tsuntsu mai cin nama, sabili da haka zuwa Amun-Ra, ɗaya daga cikin alamominsa shine falcon. Wasu marubutan gargajiya sun kira shafin "Ammonium".
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kodayake an san shafin ne tun daga akalla karni na 10 KZ, shaidar farko ta duk wata alaƙa da Tsohon Misira ita ce Daular 26, lokacin da aka kafa necropolis. Tsohon mazauna Girka a Cyrene sun tuntubi oasis a lokaci guda (karni na 7 KZ), kuma haikalin oracle na Zeus Ammon">Amun (Girkanci: Zeus Ammon), wanda, an gaya wa Herodotus, ya ɗauki hoton a nan na rago. Herodotus ya san "maɓuɓɓugar Rana" wanda ya fi sanyi a cikin zafi na tsakar rana. A lokacin yakin neman nasarar Daular Farisa, Alexander the Great ya isa oasis, wanda ake zaton ta hanyar bin tsuntsaye a fadin hamada. Maganar, masana tarihi na kotu na Alexander sun yi zargin, sun tabbatar da shi a matsayin mutum na allahntaka da kuma Fir'auna na Masar, kodayake dalilan Alexander na yin tafiyar, bayan kafa Alexandria, sun kasance har zuwa wani lokaci ba za a iya fahimta ba kuma ana jayayya da su. A lokacin mulkin Ptolemaic, sunansa na tsohuwar Masar shine Sī.t-ỉm3w, ma'ana "Field of Trees".
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A cikin karni na 12, Al-Idrisi ya ambaci cewa yawancin mutanen Berber ne ke zaune a ciki, tare da 'yan tsiraru Larabawa; ƙarni daya da suka gabata, Al-Bakri ya bayyana cewa Berbers ne kawai ke zaune a can. Masanin tarihin Masar Al-Maqrizi ya yi tafiya zuwa Siwa a karni na 15 kuma ya bayyana yadda yaren da ake magana a can 'ya yi kama da yaren Zenata'. [11]
Turai na farko da ya rubuta ziyarar tun zamanin Roman shine matafiyin Ingila William George Browne, wanda ya zo a cikin 1792 don ganin tsohuwar haikalin Oracle na Amun . Bompiani, a cikin bayanin da ta yi game da mai binciken karni na 19 Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti, ta kira wannan shafin Oasis na Jupiter Ammon .
Muhammad Ali na Masar ya mamaye Siwa a cikin 1820, amma an kashe wakilin Masar a Siwa a 1838 . [12] A wani lokaci, Muhammad al-Sanusi ya zauna a Siwa na 'yan watanni kuma ya tara wasu mabiya a can.[12] Daga baya, Siwa ta kasance tushen Sanusiyya a cikin yakin da suka yi da Birtaniya daga 1915 zuwa 1917. [12] A halin yanzu, a cikin bazara na 1893, mai binciken Jamus kuma mai daukar hoto Hermann Burchardt ya ɗauki hotuna na gine-ginen garin Siwa, yanzu an adana shi a Gidan Tarihi na Berlin.
Mulkin Masar daga Alkahira mai nisa da farko ya kasance mai rauni kuma ya kasance alama ce ta tawaye da yawa. Masar ta fara tabbatar da iko mai karfi bayan ziyarar da Sarki Fuad I ya kai a shekarar 1928, wanda ya tsawata wa mazauna yankin saboda ayyukan luwadi kuma ya ƙayyade hukunci don kawo halin Siwan daidai da halin Masar.
Siwa kuma ita ce wurin wasu fada a lokacin yakin duniya na farko da na biyu . Rundunar Sojojin Burtaniya ta Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) ta kasance a nan, amma Afrika Korps na Rommel ya kuma mallaki sau uku. Sojojin Jamus sun tafi suna nutsewa a cikin tafkin oracle, sabanin al'adun yankin da ke hana tsirara a cikin jama'a.[13] A cikin 1942, yayin da ƙungiyar sojan Italiya ta 136 Giovani Fascisti ta mamaye oasis, an kafa ƙaramar gwamnatin Masar a gudun hijira a Siwa. Oasis ya yi taƙaitaccen bayyanar a matsayin tushe na LRDG a cikin fim din yaƙi na 1958 Ice Cold in Alex.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Helen Invalid
|url-status=Strudwick(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ Farr, Tom G.; Rosen, Paul A.; Caro, Edward; Crippen, Robert; Duren, Riley; Hensley, Scott; Kobrick, Michael; Paller, Mimi; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Roth, Ladislav; Seal, David; Shaffer, Scott; Shimada, Joanne; Umland, Jeffrey; Werner, Marian (19 May 2007). "The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission". Reviews of Geophysics. 45 (2): RG2004. Bibcode:2007RvGeo..45.2004F. doi:10.1029/2005RG000183.
- 1 2 "Siwa Oasis | Desert Oasis, Ancient Ruins, Salt Lakes | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). 2023-10-03. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ↑ Rovero, L.; Tonietti, U.; Fratini, F.; Rescic, S. (2009-07-01). "The salt architecture in Siwa oasis – Egypt (XII–XX centuries)". Construction and Building Materials. 23 (7): 2492–2503. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.003. ISSN 0950-0618.
- ↑ "Siwa Oasis - Goparoo". www.goparoo.com (in Turanci). 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ↑ "Siwa Oasis climate info | what's the weather like in Siwa Oasis, Egypt". www.whatstheweatherlike.org. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ↑ Kaper, Olaf (January 1998). "Life on the Fringe: Living in the Southern Egyptian Deserts During the Roman and Early-Byzantine Periods" (in Turanci): 160. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Miller, Catherine (1996). "Nubien, berbère et beja : Notes sur trois langues vernaculaires non arabes de l'Égypte contemporaine". Égypte/Monde Arabe (27–28): 411–431. doi:10.4000/ema.1960.
- ↑ "TM Places". www.trismegistos.org. Retrieved 2020-01-09.
- ↑ Souag, Lameen. "Grammatical Contact In The Sahara". Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- 1 2 3 (E. ed.). Invalid
|url-access=Lecomte(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ "Siwa Oasis". Byebyenet.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.