Siyasa ta kasar Hungary
Siyasa ta Hungary tana faruwa ne a cikin tsarin jam iyoyum dimokuradiyya mai wakilci. Firayim Minista shine shugaban gwamnati na tsarin jam'iyyun jam'iyyu da yawa, yayin da shugaban kasa shine shugaban kasa kuma yana da matsayi na musamman. Ya zuwa 2024, Tarayyar Turai ta dauki kasar a matsayin "ba cikakken dimokuradiyya ba", kuma an ce ta koma baya ta hanyar dimokuradiyya tun daga 2010 lokacin da Jam'iyyar Fidesz-KDNP Alliance karkashin jagorancin Viktor Orbán ta lashe kashi biyu bisa uku na majalisa kuma ta karɓi sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Hungary wanda dukansu sun kasance a wurin tun daga lokacin.[1]
gwamnati ce ke amfani da Ikon zartarwa. Ana ba da ikon yin dokoki ga gwamnati da majalisa. Tsarin jam'iyyar tun daga zaben da ya gabata ya mamaye Fidesz mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Manyan 'yan adawa guda uku sune Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum da Jobbik; akwai kuma jam'iyyun adawa tare da karamin bangare a majalisa (misali Siyasa Za Ta Iya Kasancewa). shari'a tana da 'yanci daga zartarwa da majalisa.
Hungary ƙasa ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ta kasance memba na Tarayyar Turai tun shekara ta 2004. Tun daga shekara ta 1989 Hungary ta kasance jamhuriya ta majalisa. Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ce ke amfani da ikon yin dokoki wanda ya kunshi mambobi 199. Ana zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa na tsawon shekaru hudu.
A cikin zaben watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, Firayim Minista Viktor Orbán ya lashe wa'adi na huɗu a jere. Jam'iyyarsa, Fidesz, ta sami kashi biyu bisa uku a majalisa.
Firayim Minista mafi tsawo shine mai rike da mukamin Viktor Orbán, wanda ya rike mukamin daga 6 ga Yuli 1998 zuwa 27 ga Mayu 2002 kuma daga 29 ga Mayu 2010 har zuwa yau. Ya wuce Kálmán Tisza a matsayin Firayim Minista mafi tsawo a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2020. idan an ƙidaya shekarun gaba ɗaya, tare da shekaru 19 gabaɗaya tun daga 2025.Samfuri:Office-table |President |Tamás Sulyok |Independent |5 March 2024 |- |Prime Minister |Viktor Orbán |Fidesz |29 May 2010 |}Shugaban kasar da majalisar dokokin kasar ke zabar shi duk bayan shekaru biyar, yana da rawar da ya taka wajen biki, amma a fakaice su ne babban kwamandan sojojin kasar kuma karfinsu ya hada da nadin firaminista, wanda za a zabe shi da mafi yawan kuri'un 'yan majalisar, bisa shawarar da shugaban kasar ya bayar. Idan shugaban kasa ya mutu, ya yi murabus ko kuma ya kasa gudanar da aikinsa, kakakin majalisar ya zama shugaban riko.
Saboda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Hungary, bisa tushen asali na Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus bayan yakin duniya na biyu, firaministan na da babban matsayi a bangaren zartarwa yayin da yake zabar ministocin majalisar ministocin kuma yana da hakki na musamman na korarsu (kamar dai dai da ikon shugabar gwamnatin Jamus). Kowane wanda aka nada a majalisar ministocin ya bayyana a gaban kwamitocin majalisa daya ko fiye a cikin budaddiyar taron tattaunawa, ya tsira daga kuri'ar da majalisar ta kada kuma dole ne shugaban kasa ya amince da shi.
Dokokin sun yanke shawara ne daga Majalisar Dattijai ta Hungary kuma daga baya Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.
A cikin Kwaminisanci Hungary, Majalisar Ministoci ta wakilci reshen zartarwa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Hungary.
Sashen majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samfuri:Office-table |Speaker of the National Assembly |László Kövér |Fidesz |6 August 2010 |}
Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa mai mambobi 199 (Országgyűlés) ita ce mafi girman bangare na ikon jihar kuma tana farawa da amincewa da dokokin da Firayim Minista ya tallafawa. Ana zabar membobinta don wa'adin shekaru huɗu. Ƙofar zaɓe ita ce 5%, amma ya shafi mazabu masu yawa da kujerun diyya, ba mazabu guda ɗaya ba.
Jam'iyyun siyasa da zabe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]2022 Hungarian parliamentary electionA zaben kasar Hungary na 2022 akwai manyan kawance guda biyu da kuma wasu kananan jam'iyyun da ke da ikon hada jerin jam'iyyu. Manyan manyan biyu su ne haɗin gwiwar FIDESZ-KDNP na hannun dama, da babban tanti (mafi yawa daga tsakiya-dama zuwa hagu-reshe) United don Hungary haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa: DK, MSZP, Jobbik, Tattaunawa-Jam'iyyar Greens, LMP - Jam'iyyar Green na Hungary, da Momentum. Akwai kuma jam'iyyu da ƙungiyoyi kamar ÚVNP, Liberals, New Start, MMM, 99 motsi. Akwai ƙananan jam'iyyun da aka ambata a sama waɗanda ba su cikin waɗannan haɗin gwiwar biyu kamar haka: Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasar Mu ta Dama wanda kuma ya lashe kujeru a lokacin zabukan 2022, jam'iyyar barkwanci da ake kira Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party, Megoldás Mozgalom, jam'iyyar da ke son yin dijital, da kuma jam'iyyar da ake kira Normális Élet Pártja da farko jam'iyyar anti-alurar riga kafi. Wata babbar gamayyar jam'iyyar da ake kira Leftist Alliance, wadda ta hada da ISZOMM mai ra'ayin gurguzu (Igen Szolidaitás Mozgalom) da kuma 'yan gurguzu Munkáspárt, kuma duk da cewa sun kasa samar da jerin sunayen jam'iyyun saboda rashin isasshen sa hannu, amma duk da haka sun yi takara a mazabu 66 a cewar hukumar zaben kasar Hungary. [2]
Rukunin shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki mai mambobi goma sha biyar tana da ikon kalubalantar doka bisa la'akari da rashin bin doka. An cika wannan jikin ne a watan Yulin 2010. Ana zabar mambobi na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu. Masu sukar hadin gwiwar da ke mulki suna jayayya cewa tun lokacin da Gwamnatin Hungary ta cika Kotun Tsarin Mulki da alƙalai masu aminci, ma'aikatar galibi tana aiki ne don halatta bukatun gwamnati kuma ta rasa ainihin manufarta a matsayin mai kare dimokuradiyya na mulkin doka da na haƙƙin ɗan adam - kamar yadda rahotanni da yawa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na haƙƙin dan adam, kamar Kwamitin Helsinki na Hungary suka jaddada.[3]
Shugaban Curia_of_Hungary" id="mwAfM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Curia of Hungary">Kotun Koli ta Hungary (Curia) da tsarin shari'a na farar hula da na azabtarwa na Hungary da yake jagoranta yana da cikakken 'yanci daga reshen zartarwa.
babban lauya ko babban mai gabatar da kara na Hungary a halin yanzu yana da cikakken 'yanci daga reshen zartarwa, amma ana muhawara game da matsayinsa.
Akwai ofisoshin mai ba da shawara da yawa a Hungary don kare haƙƙin farar hula, 'yan tsiraru, ilimi da muhalli a cikin batutuwan da ba na shari'a ba. Sun sami ikon bayar da yanke shawara mai bin doka tun daga ƙarshen shekara ta 2003.
Ofishin kudi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban bankin, Babban Bankin Hungary ya kasance mai cikakken iko tsakanin 1990 da 2004, amma sabon doka ya ba da wasu haƙƙin nadin ga reshen zartarwa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004 wanda ake jayayya a gaban Kotun Tsarin Mulki.
Rarrabawar gudanarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hungary ta kasu kashi 19 (megyék, guda Zala - megye), yankuna 23 na birane * ('Megyei jogú város', guda ɗaya, megyei jogú Vas), da kuma babban birni 1** (főváros); Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Békéscsaba*, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Budapest**, Csongrád, Debrecen*, Dunaújváros*, Eger, Győr, Gyärärzzzzöl, Zódódód, Zajérh, Zajorgorgorgorg, Zajór, Zajajór, Sorgorgorgon-Sopron-Sód, Zód, Zahron, Zajód, Z Zajorg, Zahr, Zajor, Zajur, Zajard, Zajr, Zah, Zajord, Zaj, Zajorkork, Zajer, Zajár, Zajkr, Zajd, Zajkor, Zajjjj, Zaj
Kasancewa cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hungary memba NATO-linkid="1085" href="./Conformité_WTrO" id="mwAjY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Conformité Européenne">CE ta ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, SECI EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (memba, tun daga 1 ga Mayu 2004), FAO, NEA, IBRD, PCA, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, UNHCR, IMO, Inmarsat, InterCP, IOC, IOM, IOM UNU, ISO, UNIKOM" id="mwAlE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU, ZUCMM (baƙo, UN, UN, OEA, UN, OM, UN, WPC, UN, UM, UN, UCO, UN, UNESCO, UN, WHO, UN, WCO)
Ma'aikatun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lura: tare da sake fasalin da sake tsarawa, wannan bayanin na iya canzawa har ma a cikin lokacin gwamnati.
| Sunan Ingilishi | Sunan Hungary | Minista |
|---|---|---|
| Ofishin Firayim Minista | Ma'aikata masu yawa | Gergely Gulyás |
| Ofishin Firayim Minista | A Miniszterelnöki Kabinetiroda | Antal Rogán |
| Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida | Belügyminisztérium | Sándor Pintér |
| Ma'aikatar Tsaro | Honvédelmi Minisztérium | Tibor Benkő |
| Ma'aikatar albarkatun dan adam | Emberi Erőfor Play Minisztériuma | Miklós Kásler |
| Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Kasuwanci | Kayan ya zama Külügyminisztérium | Péter Szijjártó |
| Ma'aikatar Shari'a | Rashin daidaituwa Minisztérium | Judit Varga |
| Ma'aikatar Kudi | Penzügyminisztérium | Mihály Varga |
| Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona | Agrárminisztérium | István Nagy |
| Ma'aikatar Innovation da Fasaha | Innovation shine Technológani Minisztérium | László Palkovics |
Ministoci ba tare da fayil ba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ministocin da ba su da fayil: János Süli, Andrea Bártfai-Mager, Katalin Novák
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Bakke, Elisabeth; Sitter, Nick (March 2022). "The EU's Enfants Terribles: Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe since 2010". Perspectives on Politics (in Turanci). 20 (1): 22–37. doi:10.1017/S1537592720001292. ISSN 1537-5927.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help) - ↑ "Nemzeti Választási Iroda - Országgyűlési Választás 2022". vtr.valasztas.hu (in Harshen Hungari). Retrieved 2025-06-01.
- ↑ "Hungary's Government Has Taken Control of the Constitutional Court". 25 March 2015.
- ↑ "Government Members". The Hungarian Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 5 February 2004. Retrieved 31 January 2010.