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Sojojin 'yan sanda

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Sojojin 'yan sanda
militarization (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Fuskar 'yan sanda, peace officer (en) Fassara, military equipment (en) Fassara da military tactics (en) Fassara
Makamai na Musamman da Tactics (SWAT), wasu suna dauke da bindigogi, suna shirin motsa jiki

Sojoji 'yan sanda (paramilitarization na' yan sanda a wasu kafofin watsa labarai) shine amfani da kayan aikin Soja da dabarun jami'an tsaro ke yi.[1] Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da masu ɗaukar makamai (APCs), bindigogi masu kai hari, bindigogi na submachine, grenades na flashbang, bindigogin sniper, da ƙungiyoyin SWAT (makamai na musamman da dabarun).[2] Har ila yau, aikin soja na tilasta bin doka yana da alaƙa da tattara bayanai na Hukumar leken asiri da aka yi niyya ga masu gwagwarmayar jama'a da siyasa kuma tare da salon tilasta bin shari'a. [3][4][5] Farfesa na shari'ar aikata laifuka Peter Kraska ya bayyana aikin soja na 'yan sanda a matsayin "tsarin da' yan sanda na farar hula ke karuwa daga, da kuma tsara kansu a kusa, ka'idodin militarism da tsarin soja".[6]

Masu kallo sun lura da aikin soja na 'yan sanda na zanga-zangar.[7][8] Tun daga shekarun 1970s, 'Yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya sun harbe masu zanga-zangar ta amfani da bindigogi tare da harsashin roba ko harsashin filastik. Gas na hawaye, wanda Sojojin Amurka suka kirkira don kula da tashin hankali a 1919, har yanzu ana amfani dashi sosai a kan masu zanga-zangar. Amfani da iskar hawaye a yaƙi an haramta shi ta yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na duniya wanda yawancin jihohi suka sanya hannu; duk da haka, an ba da izinin tilasta bin doka ko amfani da soja don yanayin cikin gida ko wanda ba na yaƙi ba.

An nuna damuwa game da aikin soja na 'yan sanda ta bangarorin biyu na bangarorin siyasa a Amurka, tare da Cibiyar Cato mai sassaucin ra'ayi [9] da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka (ACLU) [10] suna nuna sukar aikin. The Fraternal Order of Police ya yi magana don tallafawa samar da jami'an tsaro da kayan aikin soja, yana mai da'awar cewa yana kara lafiyar jami'an kuma yana ba su damar kare membobin jama'a da sauran Masu amsawa na farko (misali, masu kashe gobara da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na gaggawa). [11] Koyaya, binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2017 ya nuna cewa sojojin 'yan sanda da suka karɓi kayan aikin soja sun fi fuskantar tashin hankali tare da jama'a, ba tare da la'akari da yawan laifuka na cikin gida ba. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2018 ya gano cewa an tura rundunonin 'yan sanda da ke da karfi a Amurka akai-akai ga al'ummomin da ke da manyan hannun jari na' yan Afirka, har ma bayan sun mallaki yawan laifuka na gida.[12]

Brazil

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Kungiyar ''Yan sanda na Tarayya ta Brazil a cikin fareti na ranar Independence na 2022.

Hhh. A cikin 2013 "... Brazil ta ga zanga-zangar da ke nuna rashin kulawa da ayyukan asali yayin da kasar ke kashe biliyoyin kudi a gasar cin Kofin Duniya da Wasannin Olympics. Sojojin 'yan sanda da ba su da shiri da kuma mayar da martani sun amsa ta hanyar da ta girgiza masu zanga-zambe na tsakiya. 'Yan sanda, ta amfani da makamai masu "marasa lafiya" kamar yaduwar albasa da kuma gashin gashin gashi yayin da suke sanyewa daga kungiyoyin 'yan sanda masu zanga-gidan gashin kansu, sun kasance suna nuna rashin amincewa da kuma masu zanga-zanga na' yan sanda masu zangawargasi na' yanci-zangar duniya. 'Yan sanda na Soja na Brazil "... a yau, yayin da ba a hukumance reshe na Sojoji ba, ya kasance ma'aikata tare da tsananin matsayi na soja, horo wanda ke riƙe da akidar soja, da ayyukan da ke kama da dakarun da ke mamaye yankunan abokan gaba. "   

Kanada

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Wani Jami'in 'yan sanda na Barrie a cikin cikakken kayan aikin tashin hankali a Taron G20 na Toronto na 2010

Masanin shari'a na Kanada Michael Spratt ya rubuta, "... babu wata tambaya cewa 'Yan sanda na Kanada wani lokacin suna kama da' yan kwangila na soja fiye da masu kare zaman lafiya. Ayyukan' yan sanda namu suna samun karin kayan wasa na soja - wani yanayi mai haɗari wanda ya sami kadan a hanyar bincike mai mahimmanci a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labarai. " [13] Yawan hukumomin' yan sanda sun sami motoci masu makamai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cikin 2010 Ofishin 'yan sanda na Ottawa ya sayi Lenco G3 BearCat APC don $ 340,000, wanda ke da "karamin ƙarfe na soja mai kauri, gilashin balistic .50 caliber, bene mai tsayayya da fashewa, tashar bindigogi da aka tsara da al'ada da ... rufin[14]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Militarization of Police In the United States". Charles Koch Institute (in Turanci). July 17, 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  2. ↑ James Joyner (June 15, 2011). "Militarization of Police". Outside the Beltway. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  3. ↑ Michael German (December 18, 2014). "Why Police Spying On Americans Is Everyone's Problem". Defense One. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  4. ↑ Ryan Van Velzer (June 24, 2014). "ACLU: Free military weapons making Arizona police more aggressive". The Arizona Republic.
  5. ↑ Jodie Gummow (August 29, 2013). "11 over-the-top U.S. police raids that victimized innocents". Salon. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  6. ↑ GLENN GREENWALD (August 14, 2014). "THE MILITARIZATION OF U.S. POLICE: FINALLY DRAGGED INTO THE LIGHT BY THE HORRORS OF FERGUSON". The Intercept. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Crisis and Control". uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-05-10. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  8. ↑ "Congress scrutinizes police militarization before planned Ferguson protest". aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  9. ↑ "20. Stopping Police Militarization". Cato Institute (in Turanci). February 16, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  10. ↑ "Police Militarization". American Civil Liberties Union (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  11. ↑ "Militarized or Modernized?". FOPConnect (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  12. ↑ Mummolo, Jonathan (2018). "Militarization fails to enhance police safety or reduce crime but may harm police reputation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 115 (37): 9181–9186. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.9181M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1805161115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6140536. PMID 30126997.
  13. ↑ Michael Spratt (August 15, 2014). "The creeping militarization of the police". iPolitics. Archived from the original on December 2, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Canadian Police Militarization". Michael Spratt. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
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