Sojojin Kasuwanci na Brazil

Brazilian Integralist Action Militia
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Brazil

Ƙungiyar 'Yan Tawayen Haɗin Kan Brazil (Integralist Action Militia ) rundunar sojoji ce da ke da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Brazil (AIB). Da farko, an ba ta ƙarƙashin Sashen 'Yan Tawayen Ƙasa, kuma bayan sake tsara AIB a shekarar 1936, ga Sashen Ilimi. Dukansu suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin marubuci kuma masanin tarihi Gustavo Barroso da kuma kyaftin ɗin soja na wancan lokacin Olímpio Mourão Filho.

Tarihi da tsari

Tsarin matsayi da tsarin 'yan bindiga da aka ɗauko daga littafin "Abin da ya kamata mai haɗaka ya sani" na Gustavo Barroso

A cewar wani rubutu daga Gidauniyar Getúlio Vargas : "An tsara ƙungiyar 'yan bindigar ta hanyar raba kanta zuwa 'kwamanda' da 'sojoji', na farko a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa, na biyu kuma a matsayin hukumar aiwatar da kisa. Babban jagorancin ƙungiyar 'yan bindigar ya kasance na Shugaban Ƙasa, a matsayin shugaban 'rundunar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasa, teku da sama', tare da goyon bayan sakatariyar ƙasa da ke da alhakin 'yan bindigar haɗin gwiwa da sojojin kariya, da kuma Babban Hafsan Sojoji, waɗanda ke da alhakin 'shiryawa da aiwatar da manyan shawarwari'. An sake maimaita wannan tsari a matakin yanki tare da tasirinsa na gida".

Mayakan Integralist sun kasance a duk faɗin ƙasar Brazil. A watan Disamba na 1933, sama da shekara 1 bayan ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Integralist ta Brazil, an riga an sami ma'ana a cikin jaridar Monitor Integralist, wadda ta nuna a shafukanta, game da ƙungiyar Integralist a Gundumar Tarayya, tana da "rigar kore 1,800, ma'aikata, ɗalibai, ma'aikatan gwamnati, likitoci, injiniyoyi, lauyoyi, ƙananan masana'antu da waɗanda ke aiki a kasuwanci".

A watan Yunin 1934, tare da amincewar Ma'aikatar Yaƙi ta kayan haɗin gwiwa (rigar kore, taye baƙi, wando baƙi ko fari, hula kore da takalma, da kuma tambarin ƙungiyar - sigma - da aka sanya a hannun dama da kuma hula) an fara faretin yanki da kuma rikicin farko. A watan Mayun 1934, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa dubu huɗu sun yi faretin a Rio de Janeiro, amma a watan Yuli, 'yan bindiga sanye da kayan soja daga Niterói, Salvador, Recife da Belo Horizonte suma sun yi faretin.

Rigar kore ta asali daga tsohuwar Brazilian Integralist Action

A taron farko na Integralists da aka gudanar a Vitória wanda aka gudanar a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1934, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carlos Gomes, an kafa manyan ƙungiyoyin siyasa ta hanyar dokoki, ciki har da 'yan bindiga da ake kafawa.

Kowanne mai shiga tsakani tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 42 ya zama dole ya yi rijista da rundunar hadin gwiwa (soja), inda ya zabi rukunin da yake son shiga. An tsara sojojin zuwa rukuni: mayakan layi na farko da na biyu. Tsarin rundunar ya bambanta matakai uku: manyan hafsoshi, jami'ai da manyan jami'ai. Tsarin rundunar ya tanadar da wadannan rundunonin: decuria, na uku, tuta da runduna, na biyun ya kunshi tutoci hudu. Aikin rundunar ba wai kawai shirya masu shiga tsakani don faretin sojoji da al'adun jiki ba ne, har ma da haɓaka horon soja na gaskiya, daga koyarwar "fasaha, dabara da ɗabi'a" zuwa bayanin tsare-tsaren yaki. Makaman soja guda biyar sun kunshi "dakarun" masu shiga tsakani: sojojin kasa, dawaki, injiniyanci, manyan bindigogi da kuma jiragen sama. Mai shiga tsakani wanda ya yi rijista a matsayin "mai shiga tsakani na farko" dole ne ya yi horon rundunar soji na tsawon kwanaki 60 sannan ya shiga wani shiri na decuria (raka'a tare da 'yan bindiga goma). Bayan cike fom ɗin, wanda ya rubuta dukkan ƙwarewar 'yan bindigar, ɗan takarar ya yi rantsuwar a gaban kwamandan 'yan bindigar: "Da na ɗauki matsayin memba a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan bindigar integralist, cikin sunan Allah da kuma bisa ga girmamawata, ina rantsuwa: na farko, cikakken horo ga shugabannina da cikakken haɗin kai da abokan aiki na; na biyu, in ba da raina, idan ya cancanta, don manufar juyin juya halin haɗin gwiwa; na uku, ƙauna, girmamawa da kuma girmama Shugaban Ƙasa.

Sojojin AIB sun nemi wahayi daga tsohuwar rundunar Roma, wacce ake iya gani galibi da sunan rundunar "rundunar" kuma tana da waɗannan rukunin: Element, decuria, na uku, tuta da runduna.

• Sinadarin : Ya ƙunshi mutane huɗu kuma ana jagorantarsa da ƙaramin sashe.
  • Jimilla: Sojoji 5

Gustavo Barroso sanye da kayan sakatarensa na 'yan bindiga

• Decuria : Ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu; wanda aka umarta ta hanyar yanke hukunci.
  • Jimilla: Sojoji 11
• Na Uku : Ya ƙunshi decuria uku; Ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar na'urar saka idanu kuma tana taimakawa ta hanyar ƙaramin na'urar saka idanu.
  • Jimilla: Sojoji 35
• Tuta : Ta ƙunshi kashi uku bisa uku; Wani bandeirante ne ke jagorantar ta, wanda masu sa ido biyu ke taimaka masa da kuma mai tsaron wani jirgin ƙasa. Yana ɗauke da tutar Integralist, tare da masu tsaron mayaka 8.
  • Jimilla: Sojoji 128
• Rundunar : Ta ƙunshi tutoci huɗu. Mai kula da filin wasa ne ke jagorantar ta, tare da taimakon 'yan bandeirantes guda biyu, masu sa ido guda uku da kuma mai gadi na uku. Tana ɗauke da tutar ƙasa, tare da masu gadi guda takwas.
  • Jimilla: Sojoji 562

Tsarin ƙungiyar mayaƙan haɗin gwiwa. An ɗauko daga littafin "Abin da ya kamata mai haɗin gwiwa ya sani"

Ƙungiyar Integralist ta Brazil ta ƙunshi mutane na kowane zamani, waɗanda ake kira "Plinians" sun kafa matasan AIB. A cikin matasan Integralist, waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na gwamnatin 'yan bindiga, matasa sun faɗi cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗu:

• daga shekaru 4 zuwa 6, sun yi rajista a cikin "jarirai"
• daga shekara 6 zuwa 9, sun yi rajista don " curupiras "
• daga shekara 10 zuwa 12, sun yi rajista don " vanguardeiros "
• daga shekara 13 zuwa 15, sun yi rajista don "majagaba"

Dole ne Plinianos ya sanya kayan aiki: riga mai launin kore, wando fari ko shuɗi, takalma baƙi, hula baƙi ko hular 'yan leƙen asiri.

Plinianos daga wani iyali mai ra'ayin haɗin kai yana gaishe da Anauê

Juyin juya halin kwaminisanci na Brazil na 1935

A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1935, bisa ga umarnin Comintern, abin da ake kira juyin mulkin Kwaminisanci ya fara, da nufin kwace iko da ƙarfi na siyasa. A wannan lokacin, 'yan ƙungiyar AIB sun shiga cikin juyin mulkin da aka yi: sun gabatar da kansu a sansanin sojoji, sun ba da bayanai da ke hasashen shirya sansanonin sojoji da dama, sun shiga cikin shingen da kuma taimakawa wajen sintiri; abin takaici, kamar yadda Luís Carlos Prestes ya yarda daga baya, juyin mulkin da aka yi a Brazil.

Masu ra'ayin haɗin kai suna jinjina wa sojojin da aka kashe a shekarar 1935

Rantsuwar 'yan bindiga

Jarirai da aka karɓa a matsayin 'yan leƙen asiri da kuma 'yan wasan curupiras sun fara ne da rantsuwa kamar haka:

Rantsuwar Curupira :

"Na yi alƙawarin zama ƙaramin soja na Allah, ƙasa da iyali; Na yi alƙawarin yin biyayya ga iyayena, in zama abokai da 'yan'uwana, abokan aiki da abokan aiki; Na yi alƙawarin yin ƙoƙari don in zama mai amfani ga Allah, ƙasa da iyali."

Lokacin da matashin jarumin ya kai shekara goma, dole ne ya yi rantsuwa ga tutar ƙasa:

Rantsuwar Vanguardeiro ga tutar:

"Tutar ƙasarmu! Na yi alƙawarin yin hidima ga Brazil - a lokacin farin ciki da lokacin wahala, a ranar ɗaukaka da kuma a ranar hadaya."

Rantsuwar ɗan bindigar AIB:

"Ina ɗaukar aikin soja a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta haɗin gwiwa, cikin sunan Allah da kuma don girmamawa ta, ina rantsuwa: na farko, cikakken horo ga shugabannina da cikakken haɗin kai ga abokan aiki na; na biyu, in ba da raina, idan ya cancanta, don manufar juyin juya halin haɗin gwiwa; na uku, ƙauna, girmamawa da kuma girmama Shugaban Ƙasa."