Sojojin kasashen waje a cikin juyin juya halin São Paulo na 1924

Sojojin kasashen waje a cikin juyin juya halin São Paulo na 1924
Bayanai
Fuskar	Paulista Revolution (en)

Rundunar sojojin ƙasashen waje rundunonin sojoji ne guda uku a cikin tawayen São Paulo na 1924 da aka ɗauka daga cikin al'ummomin baƙi da 'yan tawayen <i id="mwCA">tentenist</i> suka ɗauka a birnin São Paulo . 'Yan ƙasashen waje 750 da zuriyarsu, daga ƙasashe daban-daban, sun yi rijista; yawanci ma'aikata ne da yunwa da rashin aikin yi suka jawo sakamakon rikicin. Sun kafa rundunar sojojin Jamus, Hungary da Italiya, waɗanda har ma kwamandoji da jami'ai baƙi ne.

Bataliyar da ta fi girma kuma mafi aiki ita ce ta Jamus. Wasu daga cikin membobinta tsoffin sojoji ne na Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙin 'yan tawayen. Wasu an ɗauke su aiki nan take a yaƙin da ke faɗin birnin, yayin da wasu kuma suka yi aiki a fannin kula da makamai a wuraren bita a bayan fagen daga. Wani ɓangare na mayaƙan sun raka 'yan tawayen bayan sun fice daga São Paulo, a ƙarshen Yulin 1924, wasu kuma sun shiga cikin Miguel Costa-Prestes Column a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. Daukar 'yan cirani ya fusata magoya bayan gwamnati, waɗanda suka kira su sojojin haya kuma suka jaddada hoton ma'aikatan baƙi a matsayin tushen tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa.

Bayani

A shekarun 1920, baƙi da zuriyarsu kai tsaye sun samar da fiye da rabin yawan jama'ar São Paulo, wanda ya kai kimanin mazauna 700,000 a shekarar 1924. Saboda saurin ci gaban masana'antu, al'ummomin ƙasashen waje sun zauna galibi a unguwannin ma'aikata na gabashin birnin, kamar Brás, Mooca da Belenzinho. 'Yan Italiya sun fi yawa, tare da ƙananan yawan jama'ar Spain, Jamusawa, Larabawa, da Japanawa . Al'ummar Hungary, mai kimanin mutane dubu shida, ta taru a unguwannin Lapa da Vila Pompeia. Mooca da Brás su ne wurin da aka yi yajin aikin gama gari na 1917, mafi girma a ƙasar har zuwa lokacin. Ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta São Paulo ita ce aka yi wa hoton "mai tayar da zaune tsaye na ƙasashen waje", yawanci Italiyanci ko Sifaniyanci, wanda ke yaɗa ra'ayoyin gurguzu ko na 'yan gurguzu .

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1924, 'yan tawaye karkashin jagorancin Janar Isidoro Dias Lopes suka dauki makamai a birnin suna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya ta Artur Bernardes . Yaƙin birni da ya haifar ya kawo yunwa da tashin hankali ga fararen hula. Tun daga ranar 11 ga Afrilu, sojojin masu biyayya suka fara kai hare-haren bama-bamai masu tsanani, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar fararen hula, musamman a unguwannin ma'aikata. Aiki a masana'antu da wuraren bita ya tsaya cak, yayin da kayan abinci ke cikin mawuyacin hali. A tsakanin jama'a, akwai ra'ayin cewa gwamnati ta kai hari musamman ga 'yan Italiya na Brás da Mooca. Koke-koken da ke akwai a baya da kuma harin bama-bamai na masu biyayya sun haifar da goyon bayan jama'a ga 'yan tawaye. A cikin wannan yanayi ne masu juyin juya hali suka nemi masu sa kai don ƙarfafa layin gaba.

Samuwa da tsari

An shirya rundunonin bayan 20 ga Yuli, lokacin da yanayin kuɗi na yawancin membobinsu ya riga ya tabarbare sakamakon kwanakin katsewar aiki. Dalilan da aka fi ambata na shiga, bisa ga shaidar da aka tattara bayan tawayen, su ne ainihin rashin albarkatu, yunwa da rashin aikin yi. Wasu sun jawo hankalin alkawuran masu juyin juya hali— aƙalla 50 na ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, tare da layin dogo. A cewar ɗan jarida Milton Heller, shugabancin juyin juya hali bai taɓa ɗaukar wannan alƙawarin da muhimmanci ba. Amma fa'idodin nan take sun kasance masu kyau: albashin shine 10,000 réis ga sojoji, 25,000 ga laftanar da 30,000 ga kyaftin. Rundunar juyin juya hali ta biya kwanaki 20 a gaba. Sauran mahalarta, a cikin shaidarsu, sun ambaci tilastawa daga masu juyin juya hali, ko kuma tsoron a harbe su bayan gwamnati ta dawo birnin. A kowane hali, abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ga maƙwabta da dangi su yi aikin sa kai.

Masu juyin juya hali ba su karɓi wani mai sa kai ba, sai waɗanda suka yarda ko ba su tsoma baki a cikin aikin siyasa ba; saboda haka, an ƙi tayin tallafi daga shugabannin masu ra'ayin gurguzu na hagu. Duk da haka, dalilan akida na iya bayyana shigar wasu masu sa kai na "tsakiya" ('yan jarida, lauyoyi da ma'aikatan banki). Akwai mayaka da ra'ayoyin gurguzu, gurguzu, da kuma na rashin da'a suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su, musamman a cikin rundunar sojojin Italiya.