Sparrow Mkhonto
 Sparrow Mkhonto | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 24 Disamba 1951 |
| Mutuwa |
Cradock (en)  , 27 ga Yuni, 1985 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
political activist (en) da anti-apartheid activist (en) |
Sparrow Mkonto Samfuri:Post-nominals (24 Disamba 1951 - 27 Yuni 1985) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ɗaya daga cikin Cradock Four da 'yan sandan Afirka ta Kudu suka kashe a shekarar 1985.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Sparrow Mkonto a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba 1951 a Sashen Bhongeni na Garin Lingihle (Afirka ta Kudu) a Cradock. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin The Cradock Four da aka kashe a lokacin mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata da 'yan sandan Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu suka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 1985.[1]
Mkonto ya halarci ƙaramar Firamare ta Macembe, Firamare Akena da Makarantar Sakandare ta Sam Xhali. Matthew Goniwe yana ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a Sam Xhali. Sakamakon ƙarancin kuɗi, Mkonto ya bar makaranta bayan ya samu shaidar kammala ƙaramar sakandare. Bayan ya daina makaranta, ya kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a yankinsa. Ya kuma shiga siyasa saboda tasirin Goniwe.[1]
Rayuwar Siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mkonto ya sami aikin yi yana aiki a wurin ajiyar kaya a Cradock na Sashen Railways da Harbours. Daga baya ya shiga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa. Aikin da ya yi a kungiyar ya ja hankalin jami’an tsaro da suka haɗa baki da ma’aikatansa domin su kori shi bisa wasu tuhume-tuhume. An kore shi daga aiki a shekarar 1983 saboda an zarge shi da kasancewa ɗan gurguzu mai shirya tarurrukan siyasa a lokutan aiki.[2] An kuma kori matarsa daga aikinta a wani gidan gyaran gashi bisa zargin cewa mijinta ɗan gurguzu ne. A cikin shekarar 1983, an kafa Ƙungiyar Masu biyan kuɗi ta Cradock Ratepayers (CRADORA) wacce ke ba da shawarar haƙƙin mazauna wurin yin shawarwari game da haɓakar hayar da ba ta dace ba. Wannan ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa da United Democratic Front (Afirka ta Kudu). Ya zama babban mai riƙe da muƙami na CRADORA da kuma shugaban Broad Forum wanda ya kunshi shugabannin CRADORA da shugabanni daga wasu ƙungiyoyi a Lingihle. [3] Jami’an tsaro sun tsare Mkonto tare da kai farmaki a lokuta da dama. Za a kai shi hedkwatar jami’an tsaro na Cradock inda aka yi masa dukan tsiya, sannan a sake shi. Ya tuhumi ‘yan sanda amma ba a taɓa bincikar hakan ba. A lokacin bikin Yarjejeniya Ta 'Yanci a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 1983 a zauren al'ummar Lingihle, Mkonto ya yi magana a madadin CRADORA, inda ya mai da hankali kan jawabinsa kan makomar sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu wacce za ta mutunta haƙƙin mallakar filaye da kuma biyan diyya mai kyau ga ma'aikata saboda ayyukansu.[2]
Mutuwa da girmamawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 1985, Mkonto ya tafi taron UDF tare da Goniwe, Fort Calata da Sicelo Mhlauli a Port Elizabeth. Ba a sake ganin huɗun da rai ba. Gawar Mkonto ita ce ta farko da aka samu a Bluewater Bay kusa da Port Elizabeth.[4] An same shi 1 km daga motar da suka kone a cikinta. An same shi da kone-kone, an ɗaure shi da igiya tare da harbin bindiga a kansa da kuma raunuka a kirji. Binciken shekaru biyu ya fara a cikin shekarar 1987 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Inquest No 58 na 1959. An binne Cradock Four a Cradock a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli 1985 a wani jana'izar jama'a. Masu jawabi a jana'izar sun haɗa da Beyers Naudé, Allan Boesak da Steve Tshwete sun ba da jawabi mai mahimmanci. An karanta sako daga shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na lokacin Oliver Tambo.[3][5]
A cikin shekarar 2006, Fadar Shugabancin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Luthuli a Azurfa saboda “fitacciyar gudummuwa da sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga Afirka ta Kudu mai ‘yanci, adalci da dimokuraɗiyya.
An kafa abin tunawa don girmama Cradock Four. [6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 "Biography of Sparrow Mkhonto". Cradock Four: Garden of remembrance. Retrieved 23 January 2018.[permanent dead link]
- 1 2 "Biography of Sparrow Mkhonto". The Cradock Four. Retrieved 23 January 2018.[permanent dead link]
- 1 2 "Ten years on, who killed Matthew Goniwe". Mail & Guardian. Mail & Guardian Online. 2 June 1995. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Hearings on Human Rights Violations". Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
- ↑ "Biographies of the Calata family". Rhodes University. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "Sparrow Mkonto 25 December 1951 - 27 June 1985". The Presidency. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Game da Cradock 4 Archived 2018-03-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Labarin bayan hoton Cradock 4 Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
- Cradock 4 28 shekaru baya[permanent dead link]