Stac Biorach
 Stac Biorach | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
rock formation (en)  | ||||
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| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Birtaniya | |||
| Historic county (en) | Inverness-shire (mul) | |||
| Mamallaki | Amincewa ta Kasa ga Scotland | |||
| Ma'aikaci | Amincewa ta Kasa ga Scotland | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Birtaniya | |||
| Constituent country of the United Kingdom (en) | Scotland | |||
| Archipelago (en) | Outer Hebrides (en) | |||
Stac Biorach (Scottish Gaelic: "karamin tarin") tarin teku ne, mita 73 (240 tsawo), wanda ke cikin Sound of Scotland" St Kilda, Scotland, St Soay tsakanin tsibirin Hirta da Soay a cikin tsibirin St Kilda na Scotland . Yana kwance a yammacin mita 62 (203 tsawo Stac Shoaigh . [1] St Kildans sun dauke shi a matsayin mafi ƙalubale daga cikin ɗakunan su don hawa, duk da haka muhimmiyar tushen abinci ce. Rubutun farko da aka rubuta ya kasance daga rabi na biyu na karni na 17 kuma hawa na farko ya faru ne a 1883. Yanzu yana daga cikin Gidan Tarihin Duniya na St Kilda kuma yana cikin kulawar National Trust for Scotland.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ba a taɓa zama a cikin tarin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga tattalin arzikin yankin ta hanyar samar da St Kildans da tsuntsayen teku da ƙwai. A cikin karni na 19 an lura da St Kildans suna tattara ƙwai daga nan a cikin kwando kamar ƙudan zuma mai laushi, kowannensu na kwando 17 yana riƙe da kusan ƙwai 400.[2]
Har ila yau an san shi da "Thumb Stack" saboda kawai riƙewa a kan dutse ba su da girma fiye da yatsa, [3] an "yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi wuya da haɗari don hawa" [3] da kuma "wanda kawai 'yan asalin zasu iya jagorantar". Quine (2000) ya bayyana tarin a matsayin "kusan ba za a iya isa ba" kuma ya kara da cewa "har ma St Kildans sun daina hawa shi a kusa da 1840".[4][5] [Lokaci 1][Lokaci 2][Note 2]
Sir Robert Murray
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sir Robert Moray ya ziyarci St Kilda a ƙarshen rabin karni na 17, [3] kuma ya rubuta bayanin hawa a St Kilda: "bayan sun sauka, wani mutum yana da ɗaki amma ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafunsa, dole ne ya hau sama da 12 ko 16 fathoms tsawo. Sa'an nan ya zo wurin da yake da ɗaki don ƙafar hagu da hannunsa na hagu, dole ne a tsalle daga can zuwa wani wuri a gabansa, wanda idan ya buga dama sauran hawan yana da sauƙi... amma ya sake yin hakan (kamar sau da yawa ya sa'an nan kuma ya sake yin haka ya ɓace a cikin wannan sa'a nan kuma ya sa'a) [3]
Martin Martin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Martin Martin ya ziyarci St Kilda a shekara ta 1697. Ya rubuta game da Stack-donn[Note 4] cewa:
Yana da yawa daga cikin siffar da tsawo na steeple; akwai babban ƙwarewa, kuma ba a yi la'akari da ƙaramin jaruntaka don hawa wannan dutse ba, musamman ma wannan ɓangaren da ake kira Thumb, wanda yake da ƙanƙanta, cewa daga dukkan sassan jikin mutum, yatsa kawai zai iya riƙe shi. kuma yana da igiya game da tsakiya, cewa ya sauka zuwa cikin jirgin ruwa, ta hanyar taimakonsa yana ɗaukar mutane da yawa kamar yadda aka tsara don tsuntsaye a wannan lokacin; foreman, ko babban mai hawa, yana da lada na tsuntsaye huɗu da aka ba shi sama da rabo; kuma, watakila, mutum na iya tunanin dubu huɗu da yawa don biyan babban haɗari kamar yadda wannan mutumin yake shiga; yana da wannan fa'ida ta hanyarsa, cewa an rubuta shi daga cikin manyan jarumai; kamar yadda duk masu jagorantar motar ke jagorantar wannan mummunan dutse.
An gwada matasan St Kildan don ƙwarewar hawan dutse a kan tarin [3] kuma a wani lokaci duk wani mutumin da bai iya hawa ba an hana shi ya ɗauki matarsa, kodayake wannan "doka" an sassauta shi kwanan nan. [6]
Kafin a fara hawa dole ne a sauka. Wannan kusan shine mafi kyawun ɓangaren kowane balaguro zuwa waɗancan tarin kamar Lee, Armin ko Biorach, wanda ga ido mara ƙwarewa ya tashi daga ruwa, mai santsi kuma ba a iya kusantar shi ba kamar yadda fensir ke jagoranta. Jami'in ne ke jagorantar tafiyar. Gingach.[or] Dole ne ya sauka da farko kuma ya bar na ƙarshe. Matsalolin saukowa, na samun ƙafa ko hannu a kan dutse mai santsi, ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar aikin raƙuman ruwa (ko da a cikin yanayin da ya fi dacewa koyaushe akwai kumbura mai nauyi), wanda ya ɗauki jirgin sama sama da ƙasa a fuskar dutsen, yayin da yake buƙatar duk ƙwarewar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa don kawo ta kusa ba tare da bugawa ba. Dole ne jami'in ya jira raƙuman ruwa don ɗaukar jirgin zuwa tsawo mai kyau, sannan ya tsallake shi.[6]
Haɗarin sun kasance masu yawa kuma Moray ya rubuta cewa "Mutanen ba sa tsufa; kuma ba a san su ba, cewa kowane mutum ya mutu a cikin gadonsa a can, amma ko dai ya nitse ko ya karye wuyansa".[7]
Hawan hawa na nishaɗi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rubuce-rubuce na farko na hawan shakatawa na tarin teku a Scotland mai yiwuwa ne na Richard Barrington, wanda ya hau Stac Biorach a 1883.[1][8] Wani ƙwararren mai hawan dutse, ya kira shi mafi haɗari da ya taɓa yi.[9] [Lura 5] Ya hau tare da taimakon St Kildans biyu, Donald McDonald da Donald McQueen.[8]
A yau hawa a duk tsibirin St Kilda yana ƙarƙashin izinin National Trust for Scotland, wanda ba ya ba da shi.[10] A cikin 2023 wani karamin rukuni na masu hawan dutse na Burtaniya, ciki har da Robbie Phillips daga Edinburgh, sun kammala hawan Stac Biorach, hawan farko da aka rubuta a cikin shekaru 130. Phillips ya ce "kamar tafiya a cikin sawun, ko hawa cikin yatsunsu, na St Kildans. Tabbaci ne ga jaruntakarsu da ƙarfin tunani; hawa kan wannan tarin teku 70m sama da tsananin Atlantic ba tare da takalma ba shine daji don tunanin".
Haswell-Smith ya bayyana cewa saukowa yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin kwana uku a cikin wata na rani a matsakaici kuma cewa tafiya a kan karamin tashar tsakanin Stac Soay da Hirta "yana yiwuwa a yanayi mai kyau".[3] Babu wani ancorages a kusa da shi sai dai ga Village Bay a kan Hirta.[3]
Rayuwar tsuntsaye da matsayin kiyayewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar sauran tarin da tsibirai na St Kilda, Stac Biorach yana da wadata sosai a cikin rayuwar tsuntsaye, kuma yana alfahari da mafi girman mazaunin guillemots a cikin tsibirin.[6]
A yau duk tsibirin St Kilda ajiyar yanayi ce ta kasa kuma ana kare rayuwar tsuntsaye. A baya duk da haka, waɗannan tsuntsaye da ƙwai sun kasance muhimmiyar hanya ga St Kildans. Wani shaidar ido na karni na 19 ya rubuta game da ƙwai na guillemot cewa: "suna da kyau sosai a ci lokacin da suke sabo. Bayan an shayar da su na 'yan kwanaki mafi yawan ƙwai suna bayyana, lokacin da aka dafa su, don a canza su zuwa cream mai yawa, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin ana jin daɗinsu. Wani lokaci ƙwai, ba kawai na wannan nau'in ba amma na wasu waɗanda ba a hatunta su ba, ana samun su a ƙarshen kakar. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan lokacin da aka yi musu suna da ɗanɗano mai kyau, kuma ana girmama su da kyau.[2]
St Kilda ba a zaune ba tun 1930 kuma a 1986 ya zama Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO. Kusan tsuntsayen teku miliyan ɗaya suna nan a tsibirin a lokacin haifuwa wanda ke sa tsibirin "tsarin tsuntsayen ruwa ba tare da daidaitawa a Turai ba".
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin tarin teku a Scotland
- Jerin tsibirai masu nisa na Scotland
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]