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Stauni Zagros

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Stauni Zagros
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Zard Kuh (en) Fassara
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara 4,409 m
Tsawo 1,500 km
Fadi 300 km
Yawan fili 533,512 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 33°40′N 47°00′E / 33.67°N 47°E / 33.67; 47
Bangare na Alpide belt (en) Fassara
Kasa Iran da Irak
Geology
Material (en) Fassara sedimentary rock (en) Fassara

Duwatsun Zagros suna da tsaunuka a Iran, arewacin Iraki, da kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya .[lower-alpha 1] wani tsaunuka ne a Iran, arewacin Iraki, da kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya. Tsawon tsaunukan yana da jimlar tsawon kilomita 1,600 (mil 990). Yankin Zagros yana farawa daga arewa maso yammacin Iran kuma yana bin iyakar Iran ta yamma yayin da ya mamaye yawancin kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya da arewa maso gabashin Iraki. Daga wannan yanki na kan iyaka, iyakar tana ci gaba da kudu maso gabas zuwa ruwan Tekun Fasha. Ya ratsa kudancin yankin tsaunukan Armeniya, da dukkan tsawon yammaci da kudu maso yammacin kasar Iran, ya kare a mashigin Hormuz. Matsayi mafi girma shine Dutsen Dena, a mita 4,409 (14,465 ft).

Ilimin ƙasa

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SRTM shad relief anaglyph na Zagros Mountains
Dutsen Zagros daga sararin samaniya, Satumba 1992 [3]

Zagros fold da kuma tura belin yafi karo ta hanyar haɗuwa da faranti biyu na tectonic, Eurasian Plate da Arabian Plate. Wannan karon ya fi faruwa ne a lokacin Miocene (kimanin 25-5 mya ko shekaru miliyan da suka gabata) kuma ya naɗe gabaɗayan duwatsun da aka ajiye daga Paleozoic (541-242 mya) zuwa Cenozoic (66 mya - yanzu) a cikin iyakacin iyaka na nahiyar akan Plate ɗin Larabawa. Duk da haka, lalatawar Neotethys oceanic ɓawon burodi a lokacin Cretaceous (145-66 mya), da kuma karo na nahiyar arc a cikin Eocene (56-34 mya) duka suna da babban tasiri a kan haɓakawa a yankunan arewa maso gabas na bel.

Tsarin haɗari ya ci gaba har zuwa yanzu, kuma yayin da ake tura Farantin Larabawa a kan Farantin Eurasia, Dutsen Zagros da Iran_plateau" id="mwWw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iranian plateau">Filin Iran suna karuwa da girma. Ma'aunin GPS na baya-bayan nan a Iran 5 millimetres per year (0.20 in/year) ya nuna cewa wannan haɗari har yanzu yana aiki kuma an rarraba lalacewar ba daidai ba a cikin ƙasar, galibi ana ɗaukar ta a cikin manyan belin dutse kamar Alborz da Zagros. Cibiyar sadarwa ta GPS mai yawa wacce ta rufe Zagros na Iran kuma ta tabbatar da babban adadin lalacewa a cikin Zagros. Sakamakon GPS ya nuna cewa halin yanzu na gajarta a kudu maso gabashin Zagros shine ~ 10 millimetres per year (0.39 in/year) mm / a (0.39 in / shekara), ya sauka zuwa ~ 5 mm / a (0,20 in / shekara) a arewa maso yammacin Zagros. Kuskuren tsalle-tsalle na arewa maso kudu na Kaserun ya raba Zagros zuwa yankuna biyu daban-daban na lalacewa. Sakamakon GPS kuma yana nuna hanyoyi daban-daban na gajeren lokaci tare da belin, gajeren lokaci na al'ada a kudu maso gabas, da gajeren lokaci a arewa maso yammacin Zagros. An halicci tsaunukan Zagros a lokacin zamanin kankara na biyu, wanda ya haifar da haɗari na tectonic, wanda ya haifar le bambancinsa.[4]

Rufin da ke cikin SE Zagros yana lalacewa sama da wani nau'i na gishiri (yana aiki a matsayin ductile decollement tare da ƙananan friction), yayin da a cikin NW Zagros gishiri ya ɓace ko yana da ƙanƙanta sosai.[5] Wannan juzu'in basal daban-daban yana da alhakin sassa daban-daban na kowane bangare na laifin Kazerun. Ana lura da mafi girman hoto da kunkuntar yanki na nakasawa a cikin NW Zagros yayin da a cikin SE, an bazu nakasar kuma an kafa wani yanki mai faɗi na nakasa tare da ƙananan topography. Matsi da aka jawo a cikin ɓawon ƙasa ta hanyar karon ya haifar da nadawa da yawa na duwatsun da suka rigaya. Zazzagewar da ta biyo baya ta kawar da duwatsu masu laushi, irin su dutsen laka (dutsen da aka kafa ta laka mai ƙarfi) da siltstone (wani dutsen laka mai ɗanɗano kaɗan) yayin da yake barin duwatsu masu ƙarfi, kamar dutsen farar ƙasa (dutsen mai arzikin alli wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar halittun ruwa) da dolomite (dutse masu kama da farar ƙasa mai ɗauke da alli da magnesium). Wannan bambance-bambancen yazawar ya haifar da ginshiƙan madaidaiciyar tsaunin Zagros.

Yanayin da aka ajiye da kuma tarihin tectonic na duwatsu sun kasance masu tasiri ga samuwar man fetur da kuma tarkon man fetur, kuma yankin Zagros yanki ne mai mahimmanci don samar da mai. Gishiri na gishiri da glaciers gishiri su ne yanayin tsaunin Zagros. Gidajen gishiri sune muhimmiyar manufa don binciken man fetur, kamar yadda gishiri maras nauyi yakan yi tarko da man fetur a ƙarƙashin sauran duwatsu. Hakanan akwai gypsum mai narkewa da yawa a yankin. [6]

Nau'in da shekarun dutse

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Gilashin kankara a Dena

Duwatsun gaba ɗaya na asali ne kuma an yi su ne da dutsen farar ƙasa. A cikin Dutsen Zagros ko Babban Zagros, ana iya samun duwatsun Paleozoic musamman a cikin sama da manyan sassan kololuwar tsaunin Zagros, tare da babban laifin Zagros. A ɓangarorin biyu na wannan laifin, akwai duwatsun Mesozoic, haɗin Triassic (252-201 mya) da Jurassic (201-145 mya) duwatsu waɗanda ke kewaye da duwatsun Cretaceous a bangarorin biyu. The Folded Zagros (dutse kudu na Elevated Zagros kuma kusan a layi daya da babban laifin Zagros) an kafa shi ne musamman na dutsen Tertiary, tare da duwatsun Paleogene (66-23 mya) kudu da duwatsun Cretaceous sannan kuma Neogene (23-2.6 mya) duwatsun kudu da duwatsun Paleogene. Duwatsun sun kasu kashi-kashi da yawa masu kamanceceniya da juna (har zuwa 10 ko 250 km (6.2 ko 155.3 mil) faɗi), kuma a zahiri suna da shekaru iri ɗaya da tsaunukan Alps.[7]

Manyan rijiyoyin mai na Iran suna tsakiyar tsaunin tsaunukan Zagros na yamma. Yankunan kudancin lardin Fars suna da ƙananan kololuwa, waɗanda suka kai mita 4,000 (ƙafa 13,000). Sun ƙunshi wasu duwatsun farar ƙasa masu nuna dumbin burbushin ruwa.

Mafi tsawo

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Tushen da ke da akalla mita 3800 kuma suna da matsayi na akalla mita 300:

Sunan Ƙananan yankuna Tsawon (m) Shahararren (m)
1 Qash-Mastan Dena 4409 2604
2 Kale Qodveis Dena 4341 424
3 Pazane Pir Dena 4250 1080
4 Kuh-e Dama Dena 4216 504
5 Kolonchin Zard-Kuh 4221 2095
6 Chegaleh Zard-Kuh 4134 594
7 Haft Tanan Zard-Kuh 4104 653
8 San-Boran Oshtorankuh 4150 1928
9 Qalikuh 4078 1420
10 Shahankuh 4038 1427
11 Qanbarkosh 3982 316
12 Haft Cheshmeh 3975 1545
13 Cheshmeh Kuhrang 3969 360
14 Karpush 3961 915
15 Bel 3943 1563
16 Khurbeh 3902 915
17 Darab Shah 3900 1495
18 Piaro Kamandan 3891 370
19 Hezar Darreh 3890 1628
20 Kuh-e Hashtad 3869 1248
21 Chahardah Pahlu 3845 949
22 Dome Qalikuh 3839 602
23 Kule Jonou 3823 422
24 Dutsen Halgurd 3607 1575

Tarihi

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Ancient Cobblestoned Pathway in Zagros, Behbahan
Hanyar Achaemenid da aka shimfiɗa da dutse a Zagros, Behbahan
Wani kayan yumbu da aka tono a Zagros, Dalma Tepe

Bayanan Kula

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  1. ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.;[1][2] Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; Luri: Kûya Zagrus چغائیا زاگرس or کوه یل زاگرس

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Li Îranê 66 Kes di Ketina Firokeka Bazirganî de Têne Kuştin". VOA (Dengê Amerika) (in Kurdanci). 18 February 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  2. ↑ "چەند دیمەنێکی زنجیرە چیاکانی زاگرۆس". Basnews (in Kurdanci). Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  3. ↑ "Salt Dome in the Zagros Mountains, Iran". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2006.
  4. ↑ "The Geological Society of London – Zagros Mountains, Iran". geolsoc.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
  5. ↑ Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza; Pousse-Beltran, Léa; Büyükakpınar, Pınar; Cesca, Simone; Nissen, Edwin; Ghods, Abdolreza; López-Comino, José Ángel; Rezapour, Mehdi; Najafi, Mahdi (December 2021). "The 2019–2020 Khalili (Iran) Earthquake Sequence—Anthropogenic Seismicity in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt?". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (in Turanci). 126 (12). Bibcode:2021JGRB..12622797J. doi:10.1029/2021JB022797. ISSN 2169-9313. PMC 9285018 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35846502 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ "Multimedia Gallery – Gypsum from land to sea: Iran's Zagros Mountains contain much water-soluble gypsum". NSF – National Science Foundation.
  7. ↑ Forti, Luca; Perego, Alessandro; Brandolini, Filippo; Mariani, Guido S.; Zebari, Mjahid; Nicoll, Kathleen; Regattieri, Eleonora; Barbaro, Cecilia Conati; Bonacossi, Daniele Morandi; Qasim, Hasan Ahmed; Cremaschi, Mauro; Zerboni, Andrea (1 December 2021). "Geomorphology of the northwestern Kurdistan Region of Iraq: landscapes of the Zagros Mountains drained by the Tigris and Great Zab Rivers". Journal of Maps. 17 (2): 225–236. Bibcode:2021JMaps..17..225F. doi:10.1080/17445647.2021.1906339. S2CID 234879238 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
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